Our mission for 1990 was to increase students' awareness and appreciation of geothermal energy with respect to both direct use and electrical power production.'' Hard work has accomplished much: using both responsive and pro-active techniques, the Geothermal Education Office has had national impact on K-12 curriculum as well as on general public awareness of geothermal energy.

Under the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between the EIA, US Department of Energy, and the US Geological Survey (USGS), US Department of the Interior, the USGS develops estimates of uranium endowment for selected geological environments in the United States. New estimates of endowment are used to update the Uranium Resources Assessment Data (URAD) System which, beginning in 1990, is maintained for EIA by the USGS. For 1989, estimates of US undiscovered resources were generated using revised economic index values (current to December 1989) in the URAD system's cost model. The increase in the estimates for the Estimated Additional Resources (EAR) and Speculative Resources (SR) classes resulted primarily from increases in the estimates of uranium endowment for the solution-collapse, breccia-pipe uranium deposit environment in the Colorado Plateau resource region. The mean values for $30-, $50-, and $100-per-pound U{sub 3}O{sub 8} forward-cost categories of EAR increased by about 8, 48, and 32 percent, respectively, as compared to 1988. Estimates of the 1989 undiscovered resources in the SR class also increased in all three forward-cost categories by 10, 5, and 9 percent, respectively. The original cost equations in the URAD System were designed to cover drilling costs related to extensive flat-lying tabular ore …

Current progress on the development of the oxygen sensor is reviewed. During this quarter the sensor seal and heating element was redesigned and prototypes were tested. A combustor experiment will be performed in the next one to two quarters. Related information on lean sensors is also reviewed. Additional testing was done on multilayer sensors pulled from storage. (SM)

This report discusses: torus structure in higher dimensional hamiltonian systems; particle heating and stochastic web diffusion; scaling behavior of coupled conservative nonlinear systems; box counting algorithm and dimensional analysis of a pulsar; and universality of coupled nonlinear systems. (LSP)

A Co/MgO/SiO{sub 2} Fischer-Tropsch catalyst was operated simultaneously with a Cu/ZnO/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} water-gas-shift catalyst in a slurry reactor for over 400 hours. The process conditions were held constant at a temperature of 240{degrees}C, a pressure of 0.79 MPa, and a 1.1 H{sub 2}/CO feed of 0.065 Nl/min-g.cat. The Fischer-Tropsch activity remained constant at the level predicted by the operation of the Co/MgO/SiO{sub 2} catalyst alone. The water-gas-shift reaction was near equilibrium. The hydrocarbon product distribution of the combined catalyst system was stable and matched that of the CO/MgO/SiO{sub 2} operating alone under similar conditions. The combined catalyst system exhibited a high selectivity to n-alkanes. Neither catalysts`s operation appeared to have a detrimental effect on that of the other, showing promise for future option.

When grown in the absence of light, the det1 mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana develop characteristics of light-grown plants by morphological, cellular, and molecular criteria. Further, in light-grown plants, mutations in the DET1 gene affect cell-type-specific expression of light-regulated genes and the chloroplast developmental program. Here we show that the addition of exogenously added cytokinins (either 2-isopentenyl adenine, kinetin, or benzyladenine) to the growth medium of dark-germinated wild-type seedlings results in seedlings that resemble det1 mutants, instead of having the normal etiolated morphology. Like det1 mutants, these dark-grown seedlings now contain chloroplasts and have high levels of expression of genes that are normally ``light``-regulated. These results suggest an important role for cytokinins during greening of Arabidopsis, and may implicate cytokinin levels or an increased sensitivity to cytokinins as explanations for some of the observed phenotypes of det1 mutants.

The Electrochemical Technology Program at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) provides technical and programmatic support to DOE`s Electric and Hybrid Propulsion Division (DOE-EBP). The goal of DOE-EHP is to advance promising EV propulsion technologies to levels where industry will continue their commercial development and thereby significantly reduce petroleum consumption in the transportation sector of the US economy. In support of this goal, ANL provides research, development, testing/evaluation, post-test analysis, modeling, database management, and technical management of industrial R&D contracts on advanced battery and fuel cell technologies for DOE-EBP. This report summarizes the objectives, background, technical progress, and status of ANL electric vehicle battery R&D tasks for DOE-EHP during the period of October 1, 1990 through December 31, 1990. The work is organized into the following six task areas: 1.0 Project Management; 3.0 Battery Systems Technology; 4.0 Lithium/Sulfide Batteries; 5.0 Advanced Sodium/Metal Chloride Battery; 6.0 Aqueous Batteries; 7.0 EV Battery Performance/Life Evaluation.

This report provides a brief overview of the Workshop on Structure of the Eukaryotic Genome and Regulation of its Expression held in Tbilisi, Georgia, USSR. The report describes the presentations made at the meeting but also goes on to describe the state of molecular biology and genetics research in the Soviet Union and makes recommendations on how to improve future such meetings.

This During this quarter, work continued on development/improvement of the low-NO{sub x} coal combustor for the boiler system. Reburning tests were conducted in the external, water-cooled test duct with a length of 15 feet using ultra fine coal with propane to reduce the NO{sub x} levels to as low as 0.295 lb-NO{sub x}/MBtu. Work also continued on design/construction of the new coal-feed system that will be used for the 100-hour demonstration test with the on-line refillable coal hopper operating in air at atmospheric pressure. Coal will be loaded into the hopper from bulk bags. Initial testing of the UTSI boiler control and automation system was successful. Normally-pulverized coal with approximately 70% passing a number 200 sieve was burned in the external test duct. Initial flame-visualization tests were successful, and the burner was able to handle coal without being micronized to the ultra fine level. Refractory was poured for a new combustor second-stage assembly. Subsequently, the combustor was installed inside the 200 hp fire-tube boiler.

This project will be the first North American demonstration of the Gas Suspension Absorption (GSA) System in its application for flue gas desulfurization. The purpose of this project is to demonstrate the high sulfur dioxide (SO{sub 2}) removal efficiency as well as the cost effectiveness of the GSA system. GSA is a novel concept for flue gas desulfurization developed by F.L. Smidth miljo (FLS miljo). The GSA system is distinguished in the European market by its low capital cost, high SO{sub 2} removal efficiency and low operating cost. The specific technical objectives of the GSA demonstration project are to: effectively demonstrate SO{sub 2} removal in excess of 90% using high sulfur US coal. Optimize recycle and design parameters to increase efficiencies of lime reagent utilization and SO{sub 2} removal. Compare removal efficiency and cost with existing Spray Dryer/Electrostatic Precipitator technology.

The project objectives are (1) to synthesize permselective ceramic membranes by chemical vapor deposition of SiO{sub 2} and other oxides within the walls of porous support tubes, (2) measure membrane permeability and thermal stability to various gases at 200--700{degrees}C and (3) develop a mathematical model for the chemical vapor deposition of the permselective oxide within the porous support tube.

None

This research in progress is concerned with developing the capability to ojectively partition aerosol size distribution data into a small number of modes, that together explain most of the variation of the observed data. It is desired to determine from analysis in the field of the optical spectrometer data when a particular mode is present and to collect filter samples to determine the chemical composition of that mode. The results would relate aerosol size distributions to chemical composition.

We made considerable progress towards completing the development of a thermogravimetric reactor with video microscopy imaging capabilities (TGA/VMI). The video micrOSCOPY components were designed, installed and are currently under testing. With the newly developed TGA/VNH apparatus we can directly observe macroscopic changes in the morphology of pyrolyzing particles and thermal ignitions of burning particles while simultaneously monitoring the weight of pyrolyzing or reacting samples. The systematic investigation on the effects of pyrolysis conditions and char macropore structure on char reactivity continued. Pyrolysis and gasification experiments were performed consecutively in our TGA reactor and the char reactivity patterns were measured for a wide range of temperatures (400--600{degrees}C). These conditions cover both the kinetic and the diffusion limited regimes. Our results show conclusively that chars produced at high pyrolysis heating rates (and, therefore, having a more open cellular macropore structure) are more reactive and ignite more easily than chars pyrolyzed at low heating rates. These results have been explained using theoretical models. We also investigated for the first time the effect of coal particle size and external mass transfer limitations on the reactivity patterns and ignition behavior of char particles combusted in air. Finally, we used our hot stage reactor to monitor …

Experiments on cobalt-catalyzed reactions of light 1-alkenes added to synthesis gas were performed. Data have been collected at 220C, 0.45 to 1.48 MPa and a synthesis gas flow rate between 0.015 and 0.030 Nl/(gcat{center_dot}min) with H{sub 2}/CO of 1.45 to 2.25. Ethylene, propene, and butene were added to synthesis gas feed from 0.5 to 1.2 mole% of total feed. For each material balance in which 1-alkenes were added, a material balance was performed at similar process conditions without 1-alkenes added, as ``base case``. Material balances without added 1-alkenes were also repeated to verify of catalyst selectivity stability. 49 material balances were performed during a single run lasting over 2,500 hours-on-stream. The hydrocarbon data have been completely analyzed; data correlations are still being made. Since C{sub 3}/C{sub 1} ratios by ethene addition, C{sub 4}/C{sub 1} ratios by propene addition, and C{sub 5}/C{sub 1} ratios by 1-butene addition, it appears that 1-alkenes may incorporate into growing chains on the surface of the catalyst. Further evidence for incorporation can be seen by comparing selectivity to n-alcohol one carbon number higher than added 1-alkene. Yield of this n-alcohol increases when alkenes are present. Sensitivity of hydrocarbon distribution to process variables seems to be greater …

None

The overall objective of this project is to perform experiments to evaluate the necessary boundary conditions in the preparation and utilization of Coal Water Slurries and also develop a data base for the conceptual analysis of a prescription to predict slurry quality for a given coal candidate.

This overview of research conducted at ORNL in 1991 presents information on the subjects of biology, physics, and the environment. Specific topics include gene mutations in kidney disease, technology assessments in thermonuclear fusion, submarine hunting technology, ozone-safe refrigerants, optical data storage via surface enhanced raman spectroscopy, and waste mitigating microbes. (GHH)

Electron beam transport system parameters for the FEL experiment and for the FEL experiment are given. The perturbation of the ``interaction region`` optics due to wiggler focussing is taken into account and a range of solutions are provided for relevant Twiss parameters in the FEL or IFEL region. Modifications of the transport optics in specific sections of the overall beam transport lines, for reasons of enhanced diagnostic capability or enhanced beam momentum analysis resolution, is also presented.

This report discusses: Theory of turbulent flame speed; flame extinction by periodic flow field; influence of swirl on the structure and extinction of premixed flames; propagation and extinction of nonsteady spherical flame fronts; geometrically invariant formulation of the intrinsic dynamics of premixed flames; nonlinear dynamics of oscillatory regime of premixed combustion; and pattern formation in premixed flames. (LSP)

The product of several advanced physical coal cleaning processes is a dry ultra-fine coal (DC), in the order of 10 microns mean mass diameter. To utilize this fuel commercially, cost-effective, environmentally safe systems must be provided for the storage, transport, and handling of this finely divided form of fuel. The objective of the project described herein is the development of total logistics systems for DC, including experimental verification of key features. The systems to be developed will provide for safe, economic, and environmentally protective storage and delivery of DC for residential, commercial, and industrial uses. (VC)

In 1989, the research group`s activities were divided into several components. The major activity was Experiment PS 197 at CERN-LEAR with the Crystal Barrel detector. This report will deal mainly with the results of our experiment to date and the future of the program at LEAR. The second effort was the completion of several projects which are in the data analysis and publication phase: muon-catalyzed fusion, which will be the thesis of Tom Case; muon decay {eta} parameter, the thesis of Roy Bossingham; and several other publications which are appearing or have appeared this year. The third area being pursued involves the KAON Factory at TRIUMF, where a working group on hadron spectroscopy has been formed. Responsibilities for program organization are shared by Ken Crowe and Martin Comyn of TRIUMF. In July 1990, a major meeting was held with this group. There was a week-long series of sessions reviewing the progress, updating the design and planning the program for both the periods before and after the final approval of KAON by the Canadian government.

The major activities of the Ocean Studies Board of the National Research Council for 1989 are reviewed. The following are discussed: the Navy Panel, the CO2 Panel, the Committee on the Ocean`s Role in Global Change, the Committee on the Coastal Ocean, the Workshop on Issues of U.S. Marine Fisheries, and the Continental Margins Workshop Committee. Future plans are covered.

We made considerable progress towards developing a thermogravimetric reactor with in-situ video imaging capability (TGA/IVIM). Such a reactor will allow us to observe macroscopic changes in the morphology of pyrolyzing particles and thermal ignitions while monitoring at the time the weight of pyrolyzing or reacting samples. The systematic investigation on the effects of pyrolysis conditions and char macropore structure on char reactivity continued. Pyrolysis and gasification experiments were performed consecutively in our TGA reactor and the char reactivity patterns were measured for a wide range of temperatures (400 to 600{degrees}C). These conditions cover both the kinetic and the diffusion limited regimes. Our results show conclusively that chars produced at high pyrolysis heating rates (and, therefore, having a more open cellular macropore structure) are more reactive and ignite more easily than chars pyrolyzed at low heating rates. These results have been explained using available predictions from theoretical models. We also investigated for the first time the effect of coal particle size and external mass transfer limitations on the reactivity patterns and ignition behavior of char particles combusted in air. Finally, we used our hot stage reactor to monitor the structural transformations occurring during pyrolysis via a video microscopy system. Pyrolysis experiments …