The design of future Engineering Test Reactor (ETR) to demonstrate ignition is complicated by the uncertainties in the projected database for ignited plasmas. Application of uncertainty analysis to ETR design utilizing a figure-of-merit defined as the probability of ignition is presented. Performance evaluation from the uncertainty analysis in density-temperature space can locate an optimum operating window for ignition. 11 refs., 5 figs., 3 tabs.

This in the third quarterly technical progress report for DE-AI2287PC79660 covering the period between 1 May and 31 July 1988. During this reporting period, the firing test of Dry Ultrafine Coal (DUC) in the 0.15 MB/H exploratory model has continued. Sufficient experience and insight have been accumulated to help finalize the design of the 0.6 MB/H experimental model. Fabrication of the 0.6 MB/H model in 33% complete. A Coal-Water Fuel (CWF) loop for firing tests and an apparatus for testing CWF nozzle spray patterns are also 33% complete. A now test facility which includes the flue gas cleaning facility (described in our first quarterly progress report) is operational. We are now able to conduct independent tests on both the 0.15 and 0.6 MB/H models without disruption to either model. Current efforts have been concentrated in permanently installing test apparatus/equipment in the now test facility area. CWF tests in the 0. 15 MB/H model and DUC tests in the 0. 6 MB/H model are expected to begin in September 1988.

The basic goal of the Limestone Injection Multistage Burner (LIMB) demonstration is to extend LIMB technology development to a full-scale application on a representative wall-fired utility boiler. The successful retrofit of LIMB to an existing boiler is expected to demonstrate that (a) reductions of 50 percent or greater in SO and NO emissions can be achieved at a fraction of the cost of add-on FGD systems, (b) boiler reliability, operability, and steam production can be maintained at levels existing prior to LIMB retrofit, and (c) technical difficulties attributable to LIMB operation, such as additional slagging and fouling, changes in ash disposal requirements, and an increased particulate load, can be resolved in a cost-effective manner. The primary fuel to be used will be an Ohio bituminous coal having a nominal sulfur content of 3 percent or greater.

This report describes several new applications of laser-produced plasmas that have arisen in the last few years. Most of the applications have been an outgrowth of the active research in laser/matter interaction inspired by the pursuit of laser fusion. Unusual characteristics of high-intensity laser/matter interaction, such as intense x-ray and particle emission, were noticed early in the field and are now being employed in a significant variety of applications outside the fusion filed. Applications range from biology to materials science to pulsed-power control and particle accelerators. 92 refs., 23 figs., 4 tabs.

This study examines potential hazards to human health from the ingestion of chemicals in ground waters beneath and adjacent to four abandoned uranium mill-tailings sites: Gunnison, Colorado; Lakeview, Oregon; Monument Valley, Arizona; and Riverton, Wyoming. Chemicals of concern in the ground water near these sites include arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead-210, molybdenum, nitrate, polonium-210, radium 226 and radium 228, selenium, sulfate, thorium-230, uranium and vanadium. Hazards to health were evaluated by implementing the method outlined in the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual. Conservative assumptions in the method, and the effect of these on the risk estimates and EPA's indices of harm are discussed. Because the method has a number of built-in conservatisms, the estimated risks and indices only indicate sites and chemicals requiring further analysis. The chemicals and sites identified as presenting risk in this first screening step should be investigated in more detail. Necessary steps are given. Sites and chemicals identified as harmless in this initial screening can be eliminated from further consideration. 9 refs., 4 figs., 4 tabs.

Radiation detection surveys are used at the US Department of Energy's Hanford Reservation near Richland, Washington, to determine areas that need posting as radiation zones or to measure dose rates in the field. The relationship between measurements made by Sodium Iodide (NaI) detectors mounted on the mobile Road Monitor vehicle and those made by hand-held GM P-11 probes and Micro-R meters are of particular interest because the Road Monitor can survey land areas in much less time than hand-held detectors. Statistical regression methods are used here to develop simple equations to predict GM P-11 probe gross gamma count-per-minute (cpm) and Micro-R-Meter ..mu..R/h measurements on the basis of NaI gross gamma count-per-second (cps) measurements obtained using the Road Monitor. These equations were estimated using data collected near the 116-K-2 Trench in the 100-K area on the Hanford Reservation. Equations are also obtained for estimating upper and lower limits within which the GM P-11 or Micro-R-Meter measurement corresponding to a given NaI Road Monitor measurement at a new location is expected to fall with high probability. An equation and limits for predicting GM P-11 measurements on the basis of Micro-R- Meter measurements is also estimated. Also, we estimate an equation that may …

The basic physical processes associated with collisionless magnetic reconnection are investigated using the implicit PIC code AVANTI. The code is based on a 2.5-D fully electromagnetic direct implicit algorithm which has proven stable for arbitrary time step. This stability makes it possible to separate out the respective roles of the highly magnetized electrons and the un-magnetized ions for large ion-electron mass ratios. It is found that the inclusion of a guide magnetic field (magnetic shear) severely slows the initial stages of reconnection and damps out the electrostatic ringing if local values of the guide field are above a threshold determined by questions of electron mobility. 9 refs., 6 figs.

This in the third quarterly technical progress report for DE-AI2287PC79660 covering the period between 1 May and 31 July 1988. During this reporting period, the firing test of Dry Ultrafine Coal (DUC) in the 0.15 MB/H exploratory model has continued. Sufficient experience and insight have been accumulated to help finalize the design of the 0.6 MB/H experimental model. Fabrication of the 0.6 MB/H model in 33% complete. A Coal-Water Fuel (CWF) loop for firing tests and an apparatus for testing CWF nozzle spray patterns are also 33% complete. A now test facility which includes the flue gas cleaning facility (described in our first quarterly progress report) is operational. We are now able to conduct independent tests on both the 0.15 and 0.6 MB/H models without disruption to either model. Current efforts have been concentrated in permanently installing test apparatus/equipment in the now test facility area. CWF tests in the 0. 15 MB/H model and DUC tests in the 0. 6 MB/H model are expected to begin in September 1988.

The primary objective of the Special Applications thermoelectric module development program is to design, develop and demonstrate the performance of a module which provides a significant thermoelectric conversion efficiency improvement over available technology for low power, relatively high voltage RTGS intended for terrestrial applications. ``Low power`` can be construed as an RTG power output of 10 watts or less, and ``high voltage`` can be considered as a load voltage of 5 volts or greater. In particular, the effort is to improve the system efficiency characteristic of the state-of-the-art bismuth telluride-based RTG system (e.g., Five-Watt RTG and Half-Watt RTG), typically 3 to 4%, to the range of 6% or better. This increase in efficiency will also permit reductions in the weight and size of RTGs in the low power range.

The basic goal of the Limestone Injection Multistage Burner (LIMB) demonstration is to extend LIMB technology development to a full-scale application on a representative wall-fired utility boiler. The successful retrofit of LIMB to an existing boiler is expected to demonstrate that (a) reductions of 50 percent or greater in SO and NO emissions can be achieved at a fraction of the cost of add-on FGD systems, (b) boiler reliability, operability, and steam production can be maintained at levels existing prior to LIMB retrofit, and (c) technical difficulties attributable to LIMB operation, such as additional slagging and fouling, changes in ash disposal requirements, and an increased particulate load, can be resolved in a cost-effective manner. The primary fuel to be used will be an Ohio bituminous coal having a nominal sulfur content of 3 percent or greater.

Added mass values for plates partially submerged in water are obtained from a series of experiments. Both solid and perforated plates are tested. Each plate is circular and is constrained to move as a piston in a horizontal cylindrical container. Water flow past the perimeter of a plate is controlled by the narrow gap between the container and the edges of the plate. The perforated plate has an equilateral triangular pitch pattern of circular holes. The plate vibrates as a rigid mass on a flexible suspension system. The plate excitation is produced with an impact hammer, although shaker excitation is used to confirm natural frequencies. The natural frequency of the plate is measured for seven water levels in the container ranging from empty to full. For each water level, added mass is computed using the ratio of the natural frequency in air to the natural frequency in water. The added mass for fully submerged plates is compared to published experimental and theoretical results.

The objective of this program is to provide an overall evaluation of a novel process concept for mild gasification by completing work in three major tasks: (1) Laboratory-Scale Experiments, (2) Bench-Scale Tests, and (3) Proof-of-Concept Tests and Evaluation (optional). During this quarter, experimental work involving zinc chloride as a potential recirculating catalyst for coal, initiated in the previous quarter, was continued. The design of an all-quartz laboratory-scale isothermal free-fall reactor was completed, and construction was begun. One free-fall experiment was performed in an existing stainless-steel free-fall reactor with methanol-treated Illinois No. 6 high-volatile bituminous coal. 1 ref., 2 figs., 2 tabs.

Over the past few years several proposals have been prepared to investigate the potential hazard of ferrocyanide-nitrate reactions that may occur in some Hanford waste tanks. In 1988 Westinghouse Hanford Company (WHC) decided to perform some of the suggested experimental work. Based on the proposal submitted in July, 1988, it was agreed to do a portion of the work during FY 1988. This report summarizes the results of that work, provides a preliminary analysis of the results, and includes recommendations for further study. The work completed consists of a brief literature search, preparation and analysis of several cesium nickel ferrocyanide, Cs{sub 2}NiFe(CN){sub 6}, oxdiation studies using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetry (TG), and small scale explosion tests.

This Closure Plan for Solid Waste Storage Area 6 (SWSA 6) a disposal area for low-level radioactive wastes and hazardous materials, of the US Department of Energy (DOE) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) describes how portions of SWSA 6 will be closed under Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Interim Status per 40 CFR 265 Subpart G [TN Rule 1200-1-11-.05(7)]. An overview is provided of activities necessary for final closure and corrective measures for all of SWSA 6. Results of surface waters and groundwater sampling are provided.

This document details the underlying support programming and structures that support the INTELLECT and KBMS products at the Savannah River Facility. The target audience for this document includes INTELLECT System Administrators, INTELLECT programmers and developers, and VM Systems Programmers.

This report describes technical progress during the past twelve months on DOE Contract DE-FG-87ER25030 and requests support for the third year. The project involves study of the theoretical properties and computational performance of techniques that solve linear and nonlinear programs by means of nonlinear transformations. The group at the Systems Optimization Laboratory (SOL) were the first to recognize the connection between Karmarkar`s projective method and the logarithmic barrier method. It is now generally recognized that essentially all interior-point methods for linear programming inspired by Karmarkar`s method are closely related to application of Newton`s method to a sequence of barrier functions. Each barrier function is defined from the objective function and a barrier term that is infinite along the boundary of the feasible region. As the weight on the barrier term is reduced to zero, the solution of the subproblem becomes closer to the solution of the original problem.

The US Department of Energy (DOE) has revised its low-level radioactive waste (LLW) management requirements and guidelines for waste generated at its facilities supporting defense missions. Specifically, draft DOE Order 5820.2A, Chapter 3 describes the purpose, policy, and requirements necessary for the management of defense LLW. The draft DOE policy calls for LLW operations to be managed to protect the health and safety of the public, preserve the environment, and ensure that no remedial action will be necessary after termination of operations. The basic approach used by DOE is to establish overall performance objectives, in terms of groundwater protection and public radiation dose limits, and to require site-specific performance assessments to determine compliance. As a result of these performance assessments, each site will develop waste acceptance criteria that define the allowable quantities and concentrations of specific radioisotopes. Additional limitations on waste disposal design, waste form, and waste treatment will also be developed on a site-specific basis. As a key step in the site-specific performance assessments, an evaluation must be conducted of potential radiation doses to intruders who may inadvertently move onto a closed DOE LLW disposal site after loss of institutional controls. This report (1) describes the types of intruder …

The main objective of this research is to develop an equation of state that can be used to predict solubilities and tailor supercritical fluid solvents for the extraction and processing of coal. To meet this objective we have implemented a two-sided. approach. First, we expanded the database of model coal compound solubilities in higher temperature fluids, polar fluids, and fluid mixtures systems. Second, the unique solute/solute, solute/cosolvent and solute/solvent intermolecular interactions in supercritical fluid solutions were investigated using spectroscopic techniques. These results increased our understanding of the molecular phenomena that affect solubility in supercritical fluids and were significant in the development of an equation of state that accurately reflects the true molecular makeup of the solution. (VC)

A screening study was performed on a laboratory scale downfired combustor to determine the effect of various variables on the effectiveness of the reburning process as a technique for NO{sub x} abatement. The objective was to define optimum conditions under which reburning can be used and to be able to compare the reburning performance of our combustor to that reported by others. For this purpose, a statistically designed parametric investigation was conducted to determine how a set of controlled variables (primary and secondary stoichiometric ratios, location of the reburn zone and primary fuel load) would affect the reduction in NO emissions in a classical reburning configuration. Also, the effects of other variables (NO in the primary zone, temperatures in the primary, reburn and burnout zones and the residence time in the reburn zone) were also investigated. No optimum configuration was identified in this study. Nevertheless, this study provides insight into the parameters associated with reburning.

The UMass group has concentrated on using electromagnetic probes, particularly the electron in high-energy scattering experiments at the Stanford Liner Accelerator Center (SLAC). Plans are also being made for high energy work at the Continuous Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF). The properties of this accelerator should permit a whole new class of coincidence experiments to be carried out. At SLAC UMass has made major contributions toward the plans for a cluster-jet gas target and detector system at the 16 GeV PEP storage ring. For the future CEBAF accelerator, tests were made of the feasibility of operating wire drift chambers in the vicinity of a continuous electron beam at the University Illinois microtron. At the same time a program of studies of the nuclear structure of more complex nuclei has been continued at the MIT-Bates Linear Accelerator Center and in Amsterdam at the NIKHEF-K laboratory. At the MIT-Bates Accelerator, because of an unforeseen change in beam scheduling as a result of problems with the T{sub 20} experiment, the UMass group was able to complete data acquisition on experiments involving 180{degrees} elastic magnetic scattering on {sup 117}Sn and {sup 41}Ca. A considerable effort has been given to preparations for a future experiment at …

This report summarizes the results of an independent assessment by Golder Associates, Inc. of the methods used by Westinghouse Hanford Company (Westinghouse Hanford) and its predecessors to estimate the annual offsite release of radionuclides from ground disposal of cooling and other process waters from the N Reactor at the Hanford Site. This assessment was performed by evaluating the present and past disposal practices and radionuclide migration data within the context of the hydrology, geology, and physical layout of the N Reactor disposal site. The conclusions and recommendations are based upon the available data and simple analytical calculations. Recommendations are provided for conducting more refined analyses and for continued field data collection in support of estimating annual offsite releases. Recommendations are also provided for simple operational and structural measures that should reduce the quantities of radionuclides leaving the site. 5 refs., 9 figs., 1 tab.

This study addresses the costs of upgrading the efficiency of electrically heated manufactured homes in the Bonneville Power Administration's (Bonneville's) service territory. It was prepared by the Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) for Bonneville under a Related Services Agreement with the US Department of Energy, Contract AC06-76RLO1830. Manufactured homes (commonly called mobile homes) represent a significant lost conservation resource in the region. Manufactured homes are required to meet national energy standards that do not reflect the recent increases in energy prices, and the preemptive nature of the national standards prevents local jurisdictions from establishing stricter requirements. Bonneville has undertaken several programs to analyze the efficiency of manufactured homes and encourage the industry to produce more efficient homes and consumers to increase their demand for efficient units. This study constitutes one portion of Bonneville's overall strategy. 45 refs.

In a recent analysis, we predicted extremely small brine migration velocities after emplacement of waste packages. Therefore it is expected that mass transfer of radioactive species dissolved in the brine is likely to be controlled by molecular diffusion. Here we apply the analytic solutions for the rate of diffusive mass transfer of dissolved species through a porous medium predict radionuclide release from waste packages in salt. This analysis shows that for the parameter values selected here, and for containment times of over 300 years, release rates from individual waste packages in sale can meet the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission's (USNRC) performance objective for the engineered barrier system. If many waste packages are actually exposed to brine much sooner than 300 years after emplacement, it will be difficult to meet the release rate for /sup 137/Cs, calculated from the USNRC regulation. In this report we present the analytic solutions and some numerical illustrations of the molecular diffusion analysis. We also compare the results with a different type of diffusion analysis in the Environmental Assessments for the potential repository sites in salt. 21 refs., 4 figs.

A new mode of operation using only the second stage of the LBL ECR has been developed. This single stage mode produces charge states and currents equal to or better than the traditional two stage operation of the LBL ECR for a variety of gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, and argon. The critical parameter for this mode appears to be conditioning the plasma chamber walls with a coating of SiO/sub 2/. Various models to explain this effect will be discussed along with implications for ECR ion source design. A new Advanced ECR ion source which will operate at 14 GHz is being designed for the 88-Inch Cyclotron. Construction is scheduled to begin in the fall of 1988 and test operation should begin in the fall of 1989. The design includes hollow core copper wire solenoids, iron yoke, a Nd-Fe-B sextupole, radial pumping, and access to the plasma chamber. 8 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.