Structure functions: Their status and implications (open access)

Structure functions: Their status and implications

I discuss the current status of structure functions. Attention is given to the uncertainties in them and the implications of these uncertainties for experimental predictions. I indicate which experiments are capable of removing these uncertainties. 17 refs., 17 figs., 1 tab.
Date: September 29, 1988
Creator: Hinchliffe, I.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Novel concept development of an internal recirculation catalyst for mild gasification (open access)

Novel concept development of an internal recirculation catalyst for mild gasification

The objective of this program is to provide an overall evaluation of a novel process concept for mild gasification by completing work in three major tasks: (1) Laboratory-Scale Experiments, (2) Bench-Scale Tests, and (3) Proof-of-Concept Tests and Evaluation (optional). During this quarter, experimental work involving zinc chloride as a potential recirculating catalyst for coal, initiated in the previous quarter, was continued. The design of an all-quartz laboratory-scale isothermal free-fall reactor was completed, and construction was begun. One free-fall experiment was performed in an existing stainless-steel free-fall reactor with methanol-treated Illinois No. 6 high-volatile bituminous coal. 1 ref., 2 figs., 2 tabs.
Date: September 1, 1988
Creator: Knight, R. A. & Babu, S. P.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The coupling of stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering in a plasma (open access)

The coupling of stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering in a plasma

The observation of an anti-Stokes satellite in the spectrum of light backscattered from a CO{sub 2} laser plasma is reported. Its origin is found to be Thomson scattering of the incident light from a counterpropagating mode-coupled plasma wave. The parent electron and ion waves in the mode-coupling process were driven by stimulated Raman and Brillouin backscattering. The parent and daughter plasma waves were detected by ruby laser Thomson scattering. A computer simulation modeling the experiment shows further cascading of the Stokes backscattered light to lower frequencies, apparently due to its rescattering by another, higher phase velocity, counterpropagating coupled mode. Comparisons with theoretical predictions are presented. 16 refs., 4 figs.
Date: September 19, 1988
Creator: Umstadter, D.; Mori, W.B. & Joshi, C. (Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (USA))
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
New approaches to linear and nonlinear programming (open access)

New approaches to linear and nonlinear programming

This report describes technical progress during the past twelve months on DOE Contract DE-FG-87ER25030 and requests support for the third year. The project involves study of the theoretical properties and computational performance of techniques that solve linear and nonlinear programs by means of nonlinear transformations. The group at the Systems Optimization Laboratory (SOL) were the first to recognize the connection between Karmarkar's projective method and the logarithmic barrier method. It is now generally recognized that essentially all interior-point methods for linear programming inspired by Karmarkar's method are closely related to application of Newton's method to a sequence of barrier functions. Each barrier function is defined from the objective function and a barrier term that is infinite along the boundary of the feasible region. As the weight on the barrier term is reduced to zero, the solution of the subproblem becomes closer to the solution of the original problem.
Date: September 1, 1988
Creator: Murray, W. & Saunders, M.A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Variable temperature effects on release rates of readily soluble nuclides (open access)

Variable temperature effects on release rates of readily soluble nuclides

In this paper we study the effect of temperature on the release rate of readily soluble nuclides, as affected by a time-temperature dependent diffusion coefficient. In this analysis ground water fills the voids in the waste package at t = 0 and one percent of the inventories of cesium and iodine are immediately dissolved into the void water. Mass transfer resistance of partly failed container and cladding is conservatively neglected. The nuclides move through the void space into the surrounding rock under a concentration gradient. We use an analytic solution to compute the nuclide concentration in the gap or void, and the mass flux rate into the porous rock. 8 refs., 4 figs.
Date: September 1, 1988
Creator: Kim, C. L.; Light, W. B.; Lee, W. W. L.; Chambre, P. L.; Pigford, T. H. (Korea Advanced Energy Research Inst., Daeduk (Republic of Korea) & Lawrence Berkeley Lab, C A (USA))
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
A Survey and Resource Materials on the Use of Oxygen Supplementation in Fish Culture. (open access)

A Survey and Resource Materials on the Use of Oxygen Supplementation in Fish Culture.

Oxygen supplementation is the process by which naturally occurring dissolved oxygen (DO) is supplemented with enriched oxygen to restore or enhance DO levels in water. In aquaculture this is usually done with relatively pure oxygen and the result has significant potential to improve fish health, aid hatchery economic considerations, or both. For example, oxygen supplementation can preclude both hypoxia and gas bubble disease, as well as allow more fish to be reared in the same space or water or both. However, the concepts and technology in oxygen supplementation are evolving rapidly and direct communication with the user groups would foster technology transfer and improve implementation. Therefore we undertook and now report a survey of organizations that either currently use or plan to use oxygen supplementation. Additionally we included various pertinent material, including literature sources, lists of consultants and equipment manufacturers and some current research in oxygen supplementation.
Date: September 1988
Creator: Colt, John; Orwicz, Kris & Bouck, Gerald R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
SUMMAR OF DISCUSSIONS OF USES OF THE ADVANCED LIGHT SOURCE (ALS)FOR EARTH SCIENCES RESEARCH: WORKSHOP REPORT OF THE ALS USERS'ASSOCIATION ANNUAL MEETING, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LABORATORY, BERKELEY,CA,JUNE 2-3, 1988 (open access)

SUMMAR OF DISCUSSIONS OF USES OF THE ADVANCED LIGHT SOURCE (ALS)FOR EARTH SCIENCES RESEARCH: WORKSHOP REPORT OF THE ALS USERS'ASSOCIATION ANNUAL MEETING, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LABORATORY, BERKELEY,CA,JUNE 2-3, 1988

A workshop to discuss opportunities for research using the Advanced Light Source (ALS) was held as a part of the first annual ALS users meeting at the Berkeley Convention Center, Berkeley, California, June 2--3, 1988. The participants were from university and governmental laboratories, and some of those attending had had experience using synchrotron light sources. Because the Earth Science interests had not been voiced or considered in previous workshops or meetings of the ALS groups, it was the principal task of the group to explore the capabilities of the ALS appropriate to the Earth Sciences, to identify areas of research where the ALS would be of significant benefit, and to provide input regarding desired insertion devices. Discussions of synchrotron radiation phenomena and applications of synchrotron radiation in earth sciences have been highlighted in the literature and in a recent report of a workshop held at Argonne National Laboratory. A summary outline of some typical potential uses and the information to be gained from the use of synchrotron radiation is given. This is not an exhaustive list of earth sciences applications, but indicates the breadth of applications that can be addressed: (A) X-Ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) Spectroscopy (Oxidation state …
Date: September 1, 1988
Creator: Dillard, J.; Wallenberg, H. & Perry, D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Limiting values of radionuclide intake and air concentration and dose conversion factors for inhalation, submersion, and ingestion: Federal guidance report No. 11 (open access)

Limiting values of radionuclide intake and air concentration and dose conversion factors for inhalation, submersion, and ingestion: Federal guidance report No. 11

Radiation protection programs for workers are based, in the United States, on a hierarchy of limitations stemming from Federal guidance approved by the President. This guidance, which consists of principles, policies, and numerical primary guides, is used by Federal agencies as the basis for developing and implementing their own regulatory standards. The primary guides are usually expressed in terms of limiting doses to workers. The protection of workers against taking radioactive materials into the body, however, is accomplished largely through the use of regulations based on derived guides expressed in terms of quantities or concentrations of radionuclides. The values of these derived guides are chosen so as to assure that workers in work environments that conform to them are unlikely to receive radiation doses that exceed the primary guides. The purpose of the present report is to set forth derived guides that are consistent with current Federal radiation protection guidance. They are intended to serve as the basis for regulations setting upper bounds on the inhalation and ingestion of, and submersion in, radioactive materials in the workplace. The report also includes tables of exposure-to-dose conversion factors, for general use in assessing average individual committed doses in any population that is …
Date: September 1, 1988
Creator: Eckerman, K.F.; Wolbarst, A.B. & Richardson, A.C.B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
New topological invariants for non-abelian antisymmetric tensor fields from extended BRS algebra (open access)

New topological invariants for non-abelian antisymmetric tensor fields from extended BRS algebra

Extended non-linear BRS and Gauge transformations containing Lie algebra cocycles, and acting on non-abelian antisymmetric tensor fields are constructed in the context of free differential algebras. New topological invariants are given in this framework. 6 refs.
Date: September 1, 1988
Creator: Boukraa, S.; Maillet, J.M. & Nijhoff, F.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Design, placement, and sampling of groundwater monitoring wells for the management of hazardous waste disposal facilities (open access)

Design, placement, and sampling of groundwater monitoring wells for the management of hazardous waste disposal facilities

Groundwater monitoring is an important technical requirement in managing hazardous waste disposal facilities. The purpose of monitoring is to assess whether and how a disposal facility is affecting the underlying groundwater system. This paper focuses on the regulatory and technical aspects of the design, placement, and sampling of groundwater monitoring wells for hazardous waste disposal facilities. Such facilities include surface impoundments, landfills, waste piles, and land treatment facilities. 8 refs., 4 figs.
Date: September 30, 1988
Creator: Tsai, S.Y.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Molecular thermodynamics of polymer melts at interfaces (open access)

Molecular thermodynamics of polymer melts at interfaces

A lattice model is developed for the prediction of structure and thermodynamic properties at free polymer melt surfaces and polymer melt/solid interfaces. Density variations in the interfacial region are taken into account by introducing voids in the lattice, in the spirit of the equation of state theory of Sanchez and Lacombe. Intramolecular energy (chain stiffness) effects are explicitly incorporated. The model is derived through a rigorous statistical mechanical and thermodynamic analysis, which is based on the concept of availability. Two cases are considered: ''full equilibrium,'' whereby the interfacial polymer is taken as free to exchange heat, work and mass with a bulk polymer phase at given temperature and pressure; and ''restricted equilibrium,'' whereby a thin polymer film is allowed to equilibrate locally in response to ambient temperature and pressure, but in which chains do not necessarily have the same chemical potential as in the unconstrained bulk. Techniques are developed for calculating surface tension, adhesion tension, density profiles, chain shape, bond orientation, as well as the distribution of segments of various orders in the interfacial region. 28 refs., 6 figs.
Date: September 1, 1988
Creator: Theodorou, D.N.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Partitioning of hydrogen in the vanadium-lithium-hydrogen system at elevated temperatures (open access)

Partitioning of hydrogen in the vanadium-lithium-hydrogen system at elevated temperatures

Equilibrium concentrations of hydrogen in vanadium-base alloys exposed to flowing lithium at temperatures from 350 to 550/degree/C in a forced-circulation loop were measured by residual gas analysis and the vacuum fusion method. Residual gas analysis and removal of material from the surface allowed a determination of the spatial hydrogen distribution in the alloys. These experimental results were compared with calculated thermodynamic distribution coefficients for hydrogen in the vanadium/lithium system. Small amounts of other solutes in the molten lithium and in the alloys affected the solubility, diffusivity, and resultant distribution of hydrogen. Thermodynamic calculations demonstrated the importance of major alloying elements to the partitioning of hydrogen. 12 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs.
Date: September 1, 1988
Creator: Hull, A. B.; Chopra, O. K.; Loomis, B. A. & Smith, D. L.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
An experimental survey of the factors that affect leaching from low-level radioactive waste forms (open access)

An experimental survey of the factors that affect leaching from low-level radioactive waste forms

This report represents the results of an experimental survey of the factors that affect leaching from several types of solidified low-level radioactive waste forms. The goal of these investigations was to determine those factors that accelerate leaching without changing its mechanism(s). Typically, although not in every case,the accelerating factors include: increased temperature, increased waste loading (i.e., increased waste to binder ratio), and decreased size (i.e., decreased waste form volume to surface area ratio). Additional factors that were studied were: increased leachant volume to waste form surface area ratio, pH, leachant composition (groundwaters, natural and synthetic chelating agents), leachant flow rate or replacement frequency and waste form porosity and surface condition. Other potential factors, including the radiation environment and pressure, were omitted based on a survey of the literature. 82 refs., 236 figs., 13 tabs.
Date: September 1, 1988
Creator: Dougherty, D.R.; Pietrzak, R.F.; Fuhrmann, M. & Colombo, P.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Interim report cyanide safety studies (open access)

Interim report cyanide safety studies

Over the past few years several proposals have been prepared to investigate the potential hazard of ferrocyanide-nitrate reactions that may occur in some Hanford waste tanks. In 1988 Westinghouse Hanford Company (WHC) decided to perform some of the suggested experimental work. Based on the proposal submitted in July, 1988, it was agreed to do a portion of the work during FY 1988. This report summarizes the results of that work, provides a preliminary analysis of the results, and includes recommendations for further study. The work completed consists of a brief literature search, preparation and analysis of several cesium nickel ferrocyanide, Cs{sub 2}NiFe(CN){sub 6}, oxdiation studies using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetry (TG), and small scale explosion tests.
Date: September 30, 1988
Creator: Burger, L.L. & Scheele, R.D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Medium energy nuclear physics research (open access)

Medium energy nuclear physics research

The UMass group has concentrated on using electromagnetic probes, particularly the electron in high-energy scattering experiments at the Stanford Liner Accelerator Center (SLAC). Plans are also being made for high energy work at the Continuous Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF). The properties of this accelerator should permit a whole new class of coincidence experiments to be carried out. At SLAC UMass has made major contributions toward the plans for a cluster-jet gas target and detector system at the 16 GeV PEP storage ring. For the future CEBAF accelerator, tests were made of the feasibility of operating wire drift chambers in the vicinity of a continuous electron beam at the University Illinois microtron. At the same time a program of studies of the nuclear structure of more complex nuclei has been continued at the MIT-Bates Linear Accelerator Center and in Amsterdam at the NIKHEF-K laboratory. At the MIT-Bates Accelerator, because of an unforeseen change in beam scheduling as a result of problems with the T{sub 20} experiment, the UMass group was able to complete data acquisition on experiments involving 180{degrees} elastic magnetic scattering on {sup 117}Sn and {sup 41}Ca. A considerable effort has been given to preparations for a future experiment at …
Date: September 1, 1988
Creator: Peterson, G. A.; Dubach, J. F.; Hicks, R. S. & Miskimen, R. A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Preliminary report confined tension testing of 900-24 (open access)

Preliminary report confined tension testing of 900-24

A specially designed confining pressure vessel is described that allows tensile samples to be tested under a superimposed confining hydrostatic pressure. Tests on samples of well characterized materials such as aluminum were used to verify the operation of the system, calibration of the internal load cell, and data reduction methods. The results of a series of exploratory tests done on the inert material 900-24 are described. 4 refs., 17 figs., 2 tabs.
Date: September 10, 1988
Creator: Harlow, R.A. & Browning, R.V.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Closure plan for Solid Waste Storage Area 6: Volume 1, Closure plan (open access)

Closure plan for Solid Waste Storage Area 6: Volume 1, Closure plan

This Closure Plan for Solid Waste Storage Area 6 (SWSA 6) a disposal area for low-level radioactive wastes and hazardous materials, of the US Department of Energy (DOE) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) describes how portions of SWSA 6 will be closed under Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Interim Status per 40 CFR 265 Subpart G (TN Rule 1200-1-11-.05(7)). An overview is provided of activities necessary for final closure and corrective measures for all of SWSA 6. Results of surface waters and groundwater sampling are provided.
Date: September 1, 1988
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Nitrogen oxide abatement by distributed fuel addition (open access)

Nitrogen oxide abatement by distributed fuel addition

A screening study was performed on a laboratory scale downfired combustor to determine the effect of various variables on the effectiveness of the reburning process as a technique for NO{sub x} abatement. The objective was to define optimum conditions under which reburning can be used and to be able to compare the reburning performance of our combustor to that reported by others. For this purpose, a statistically designed parametric investigation was conducted to determine how a set of controlled variables (primary and secondary stoichiometric ratios, location of the reburn zone and primary fuel load) would affect the reduction in NO emissions in a classical reburning configuration. Also, the effects of other variables (NO in the primary zone, temperatures in the primary, reburn and burnout zones and the residence time in the reburn zone) were also investigated. No optimum configuration was identified in this study. Nevertheless, this study provides insight into the parameters associated with reburning.
Date: September 28, 1988
Creator: Wendt, J.O.L. & Meraab, J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The effect of precipitation on contaminant dissolution and transport: Analytic solutions (open access)

The effect of precipitation on contaminant dissolution and transport: Analytic solutions

We analysed the effect of precipitation on the dissolution and transport rates of a nondecaying contaminant. Precipitation near the waste surface can have a profound effect on dissolution and transport rates. The mass-transfer rate at the waste surface is controlled by the solid-liquid reaction rate to an extent determined by the modified reaction-rate modulus, ..cap alpha... At later times extending to steady state, the mass-transfer rate depends on the location of the precipitation front r/sub p/ and on the solubility ratio C/sub o//C/sub p/. A precipitation front very near the waste surface can change the dissolution mechanism from solubility-diffusion-controlled to chemical-reaction-rate controlled. Precipitation limits the concentration of the contaminant at r > r/sub p/ to C/sub p/, steepening the concentration gradient for dissolution on the waste package side of the front and flattening the gradient for transport in the region outside the front. This increases the rate of contaminant transport from the waste to the front while decreasing the rate of transport away from the front, when compared to the situation without precipitation. The difference in the transport rates at the front is the rate of precipitation. For large changes in solubility, most of the contaminant is immobilized by precipitation, …
Date: September 1, 1988
Creator: Light, W. B.; Chambre, P. L.; Pigford, T. H. & Lee, W. W. L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Induction linac drivers for heavy ion fusion (open access)

Induction linac drivers for heavy ion fusion

The Heavy Ion Fusion Accelerator Research (HIFAR) program of the USDOE has for several years concentrated on developing linear induction accelerators as Inertial Fusion (IF) drivers. This accelerator technology is suitable for the IF application because it is readily capable of accelerating short, intense pulses of charged particles with good electrical efficiency. The principal technical difficulty is in injecting and transporting the intense pulses while maintaining the necessary beam quality. The approach used has been to design a system of multiple beams so that not all of the charge has to be confined in a single beam line. The beams are finally brought together in a common focus at the target. This paper will briefly present the status and future plans of the program, and will also briefly review systems study results for HIF. 2 refs., 5 figs.
Date: September 1, 1988
Creator: Herrmannsfeldt, W.B. & Keefe, D.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
The influence of cooling rate on the microstructure of stainless steel alloys (open access)

The influence of cooling rate on the microstructure of stainless steel alloys

The emergence of high energy density welding, laser surface modification and rapid solidification as commonly used metallurgical processing techniques has greatly increased the range of cooling rates that can be accessed during the solidification of metals and alloys. The microstructures which develop during these rapid cooling conditions may be significantly different from those which develop during low cooling rate conditions as the result of access to new metastable phases with the additional kinetic limitations that accompany rapid solidification. This investigation explores the influence of cooling rate on a series of seven ternary alloys which span the line of two-fold saturation in the Fe-Ni-Cr system. High speed electron beam surface melting was used to resolidify these alloys at scan speeds up to 5 m/s. The resulting cooling rates were estimated from dendrite arm spacing measurements and were confirmed by heat flow modeling to vary from 7 /times/ 10/sup 0/ /degree/C/s to 8 /times/ 10/sup 6/ /degree/C/s. The microstructures that developed from each solidification condition were examined using optical metallography, electron microprobe analysis, scanning electron microscopy and a vibrating sample magnetometer. These results were used to create diagrams to predict the primary mode of solidification, the ferrite content and the complex microstructural …
Date: September 1, 1988
Creator: Elmer, J.W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
A Compact X-Ray Free Electron Laser (open access)

A Compact X-Ray Free Electron Laser

We present a design concept and simulation of the performance of a compact x-ray, free electron laser driven by ultra-high gradient rf-linacs. The accelerator design is based on recent advances in high gradient technology by a LLNL/SLAC/LBL collaboration and on the development of bright, high current electron sources by BNL and LANL. The GeV electron beams generated with such accelerators can be concerted to soft x-rays in the range from 2--10 nm by passage through short period, high fields strength wigglers as are being designed at Rocketdyne. Linear light sources of this type can produce trains of picosecond (or shorter) pulses of extremely high spectral brilliance suitable for flash holography of biological specimens in vivo and for studies of fast chemical reactions. 12 refs., 8 figs., 4 tabs.
Date: September 9, 1988
Creator: Barletta, W.; Attac, M.; Cline, D.B.; Kolonko, J.; Wang, X.; Bhowmik, A. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
A high energy neutral beam system for reactors (open access)

A high energy neutral beam system for reactors

High energy neutral beams provide a promising method of heating and driving current in steady-state tokamak fusion reactors. As an example, we have made a conceptual design of a neutral beam system for current drive on the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). The system, based on electrostatic acceleration of D/sup /minus// ions, can deliver up to 100 MW of 1.6 MeV D/sup 0/ neutrals through three ports. Radiation protection is provided by locating sensitive beamline components 35 to 50 m from the reactor. In an application to a 3300 MW power reactor, a system delivering 120 MW of 2-2.4 MeV deuterium beams assisted by 21 MW of lower hybrid wave power drives 25 MA and provides an adequate plasma power gain (Q = 24) for a commercial fusion power plant. 8 refs., 1 fig., 2 tabs.
Date: September 1, 1988
Creator: Anderson, O. A.; Chan, C. F.; Cooper, W. S.; Leung, K. N.; Lietzke, A. F.; Kim, C. H. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
The production of beams from solid materials at the LBL ECR source (open access)

The production of beams from solid materials at the LBL ECR source

Two ovens are described for the feed of vapor from solid materials in the LBL ECR source. A low temperature oven, operating up to 700 /degree/ C, has been used for Li, Mg, P, K, Ca, Ti and Bi. A high temperature oven operating up to 2000/degree/C, has been used for Sc, Fe, Ni, Cu, Ag, La and Tb. At the 1 e..mu..A level the charge states from the oven beams are very close to those from gases. 4 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs.
Date: September 1, 1988
Creator: Clark, D. J. & Lyneis, C. M.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library