The purpose of this present investigation was twofold: to determine the relationship between cohesion and performance for successful and unsuccessful bowling teams and to investigate the internal consistency of items from the Group Environment Questionnaire. Subjects were 148 bowling teams (28 men's, 55 women's, 65 mixed--3-5 members each) from 14 different leagues. Results revealed that task cohesion (ATGT) in early, mid, and late season, as well as social cohesion (ATGS) in late season significantly differentiated between high/low cohesion teams. In addition, successful teams (i.e., league position) exhibited significantly higher levels of both task and composite cohesion. All cohesion scales, with the exception of ATGS in early season, revealed a moderate to high level of internal consistency.

The purposes of this study were to quantify, in three dimensions (3D), kinematic parameters of the free throw shot with both the women's small ball and the large ball, and to compare the parameters of the small ball to the large ball. Nine female varsity college basketball players were filmed and the 3D data were computed with the Nonlinear Transformation method. Statistical analysis of parameters including ball trajectory and body position failed to show an effect for ball condition. Since the velocity of release was not statistically different between the two balls and the ball mass was different, the results suggest that impulse is the differing factor.

The use of smokeless tobacco products is increasing among teenagers and young adults in the United States. Community health professionals play a vital role in educating the public about these products, and in this regard the dental hygienist is of critical importance. This study evaluated the knowledge and attitudes towards smokeless tobacco among a representative sample of dental hygiene students in the United States. The dental hygiene schools were divided into six geographical regions and a total of 34 schools and 722 students participated. Seniors were found to score significantly higher than non-seniors both in knowledge and attitude. Furthermore, some significant differences in attitude were discovered between regions. In general, students scored poorly on both knowledge and attitude despite reporting having received classroom instruction on smokeless tobacco.