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Characterization of solids in the Three Mile Island Unit 2 Reactor defueling water: Addendum (open access)

Characterization of solids in the Three Mile Island Unit 2 Reactor defueling water: Addendum

Shortly after ORNL/TM-10362 was issued, it was discovered that a series of 31 figures had been inadvertently omitted. These figures, which consist of scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence scans, provide significant information about the results obtained in the tests performed with water sample W3. This Addendum includes these figures. Details of and comments on the SEM photographs may be found in ORNL/TM-10362.
Date: March 1, 1988
Creator: Campbell, D.O.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Energy Program annual report (open access)

Energy Program annual report

The national economy is particularly dependent on efficient electrical generation and transportation. Electrical demand continues to grow and will increasingly rely on coal and nuclear fuels. The nuclear power industry still has not found a solution to the problem of disposing of the waste produced by nuclear reactors. Although coal is in ample supply and the infrastructure is in place for its utilization, environmental problems and improved conversion processes remain technical challenges. In the case of transportation, the nation depends almost exclusively on liquid fuels with attendant reliance on imported oil. Economic alternates---synfuels from coal, natural gas, and oil shale, or fuel cells and batteries---have yet to be developed or perfected so as to impact the marketplace. Inefficiencies in energy conversion in almost all phases of resource utilization remain. These collective problems are the focus of the Energy Program.
Date: February 1, 1988
Creator: Borg, I.Y. (ed.)
System: The UNT Digital Library
Enhanced durability and reactivity for zinc ferrite desulfurization sorbent (open access)

Enhanced durability and reactivity for zinc ferrite desulfurization sorbent

AMAX Research Development Center (AMAX R D) has been investigating methods for enhancing the reactivity and durability of the zinc ferrite desulfurization sorbent. Zinc ferrite sorbents are intended for use in desulfurization of hot coal gas in integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) or molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) applications. For the present program, the reactivity of the sorbent may be defined as its sulfur sorption capacity at the breakthrough point and at saturation in a bench-scale, fixed-bed reactor. Durability may be defined as the ability of the sorbent to maintain important physical characteristics such As size, strength, and specific surface area during 10 cycles of sulfidation and oxidation.
Date: November 14, 1988
Creator: Jha, Mahesh C. & Berggren, Mark H.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Generation of radiation by intense plasma and e. m. undulators (open access)

Generation of radiation by intense plasma and e. m. undulators

This program involves the generation of short wavelength optical radiation by intense plasma and e.m. undulators. In this concept a relativistic electron beam is wiggled by either the oscillating electric field of an intense plasma wave, or by a laser beam causing it to radiate. For both types of undulators the designed parameters are a{sub w} > 0.1, N {approximately} 100 and {lambda}{sub w} = 100 {mu}m for plasma wave or 10.6 {mu}m for laser light. This progress report describes the work to-date on generating such intense short wavelength undulators. We have successfully generated up to 200 GW of CO{sub 2} radiation in a 200 ps long pulse. A uniform plasma source, {Theta}-pinch, has been constructed and it's density diagnosed using holographic interferometry. Using about 20 GW of laser radiation at two frequencies, 10.27 {mu}m and 9.56 {mu}m, relativistic plasma wave has been excited using the beat wave'' technique. The amplitude of this plasma wave has been inferred to be n{sub 1}/n{sub 0} {approx lt} 1%. The plasma wave width is thought to be about 2--3 wavelengths. A 1.5 MeV, 9 GHz linac has been procurred using funds from another contract and diagnosed. The electron beam emittance as it exits …
Date: January 1, 1988
Creator: Joshi, C.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Preliminary assessment of tree mortality near F- and H-area seepage basins (open access)

Preliminary assessment of tree mortality near F- and H-area seepage basins

A preliminary assessment was conducted to evaluate factors that may have been responsible for the vegetation damage that has occurred in groundwater seeps downslope from the F- and H-area seepage basins. The factors that were considered included altered hydrology, toxicity from hazardous chemical constituents associated with seepage basin operation, and toxicity from non-hazardous constituents associated with basin operation. It was concluded that the observed damage was not likely to have resulted from altered hydrologic conditions or hazardous constituents associated with basin operation. Insufficient information is currently available to determine definitively which of the non-hazardous constituents, alone or in concert, were responsible for the observed vegetation damage. The most likely explanation, however, is that elevated Na, pH, and conductivity is outcropping seep water are responsible for tree mortality. All three of these factors will return to ambient levels over a period of several years when basin operation ceases. Faster remediation can be achieved using lime at the seep line.
Date: January 28, 1988
Creator: Loehle, C & Gladden, J
System: The UNT Digital Library
Enhancing the use of coals by gas reburning-sorbent injection (open access)

Enhancing the use of coals by gas reburning-sorbent injection

The objective of this project is to evaluate and demonstrate a cost effective emission control technology for acid rain precursors, oxides of nitrogen (NO{sub x}) and sulfur (SO{sub x}), on three coal fired utility boilers in Illinois. The units selected are representative of pre-NSPS design practices; tangential, wall, and cyclone fired. The specific objectives are to demonstrate reductions of 60 percent in NO{sub x} and 50 percent in SO{sub x} emissions, by a combination of two developed technologies, gas reburning (GR) and sorbent injection (SI). With GR, about 80--85 percent of the coal fuel is fired in the primary combustion zone. The balance of the fuel is added downstream as natural gas to create a slightly fuel rich environment in which NO{sub x} is converted to N{sub 2}. The combustion process is completed by overfire air addition. SO{sub x} emissions are reduced by injecting dry sorbents (usually calcium based) into the upper furnace, at the superheater exit or into the ducting following the air heater. The sorbents trap SO{sub x} as solid sulfates and sulfites, which are collected in the particulate control device.
Date: December 22, 1988
Creator: unknown
System: The UNT Digital Library
Nuclear plant-aging research on reactor protection systems (open access)

Nuclear plant-aging research on reactor protection systems

This report presents the rsults of a review of the Reactor Trip System (RTS) and the Engineered Safety Feature Actuating System (ESFAS) operating experiences reported in Licensee Event Reports (LER)s, the Nuclear Power Experience data base, Nuclear Plant Reliability Data System, and plant maintenance records. Our purpose is to evaluate the potential significance of aging, including cycling, trips, and testing as contributors to degradation of the RTS and ESFAS. Tables are presented that show the percentage of events for RTS and ESFAS classified by cause, components, and subcomponents for each of the Nuclear Steam Supply System vendors. A representative Babcock and Wilcox plant was selected for detailed study. The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission's Nuclear Plant Aging Research guidelines were followed in performing the detailed study that identified materials susceptible to aging, stressors, environmental factors, and failure modes for the RTS and ESFAS as generic instrumentation and control systems. Functional indicators of degradation are listed, testing requirements evaluated, and regulatory issues discussed.
Date: January 1, 1988
Creator: Meyer, L.C.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Thermophysical properties of argon (open access)

Thermophysical properties of argon

The entire report consists of tables of thermodynamic properties (including sound velocity, thermal conductivity and diffusivity, Prandtl number, density) of argon at 86 to 400/degree/K, in the form of isobars over 0.9 to 100 bars. (DLC)
Date: February 1, 1988
Creator: Jaques, A.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Background radiation from fission pulses (open access)

Background radiation from fission pulses

Extensive source terms for beta, gamma, and neutrons following fission pulses are presented in various tabular and graphical forms. Neutron results from a wide range of fissioning nuclides (42) are examined and detailed information is provided for four fuels: /sup 235/U, /sup 238/U, /sup 232/Th, and /sup 239/Pu; these bracket the range of the delayed spectra. Results at several cooling (decay) times are presented. For ..beta../sup -/ and ..gamma.. spectra, only /sup 235/U and /sup 239/Pu results are given; fission-product data are currently inadequate for other fuels. The data base consists of all known measured data for individual fission products extensively supplemented with nuclear model results. The process is evolutionary, and therefore, the current base is summarized in sufficient detail for users to judge its quality. Comparisons with recent delayed neutron experiments and total ..beta../sup -/ and ..gamma.. decay energies are included. 27 refs., 47 figs., 9 tabs.
Date: May 1, 1988
Creator: England, T. R.; Arthur, E. D.; Brady, M. C. & LaBauve, R. J.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Criticality experiments with mixed oxide fuel pin arrays in plutonium-uranium nitrate solution (open access)

Criticality experiments with mixed oxide fuel pin arrays in plutonium-uranium nitrate solution

A series of critical experiments was completed with mixed plutonium-uranium solutions having a Pu/(Pu + U) ratio of approximately 0.22 in a boiler tube-type lattice assembly. These experiments were conducted as part of the Criticality Data Development Program between the United States Department of Energy (USDOE) and the Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation (PNC) of Japan. A complete description of the experiments and data are included in this report. The experiments were performed with an array of mixed oxide fuel pins in aqueous plutonium-uranium solutions. The fuel pins were contained in a boiler tube-type tank and arranged in a 1.4 cm square pitch array which resembled cylindrical geometry. One experiment was perfomed with the fuel pins removed from the vessel. The experiments were performed with a water reflector. The concentration of the solutions in the boiler tube-type tank was varied from 4 to 468 g (Pu + U)/liter. The ratio of plutonium to total heavy metal (plutonium plus uranium) was approximately 0.22 for all experiments.
Date: August 1, 1988
Creator: Lloyd, R.C. (Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States)) & Smolen, G.R. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States))
System: The UNT Digital Library
A one-and-a-quarter-dimensional transport code for field-reversed configuration studies: A user's guide for CFRX (open access)

A one-and-a-quarter-dimensional transport code for field-reversed configuration studies: A user's guide for CFRX

A one-and-a-quarter-dimensional transport code, which includes radial as well as some two-dimensional effects for field-reversed configurations, is described. The set of transport equations is transformed to a set of new independent and dependent variables and is solved as a coupled initial-boundary value problem. The code simulation includes both the closed and open field regions. The axial effects incorporated include global axial force balance, axial losses in the open field region, and flux surface averaging over the closed field region. Input, output, and structure of the code are described in detail. A typical example of the code results is also given. 20 refs., 21 figs., 7 tabs.
Date: May 1, 1988
Creator: Hsiao, Ming-Yuan; Werley, K.A. & Ling, Kuok-Mee
System: The UNT Digital Library
A Search for New Leptons with Heavy Neutrinos in e/sup +/e/sup -/ Annihilation at. sqrt. s = 29 GeV. [None] (open access)

A Search for New Leptons with Heavy Neutrinos in e/sup +/e/sup -/ Annihilation at. sqrt. s = 29 GeV. [None]

This thesis describes the results of a search for new leptons with associated heavy neutrinos. The search uses 68.1 pb/sup /minus/1/ of data taken with the TPC2..gamma.. detector at the PEP storage ring. New lepton pairs with charged lepton masses m/sub L/ < 12 GeV and mass differences in the approximate range 0.4 GeV < m/sub L/ /minus/ m/sub/nu/L/ < 2.5 GeV are excluded at the 99% confidence level. Results are also given of a study of search techniques for the region m/sub L/ < 12 GeV, m/sub L/ /minus/ m/sub ..nu..L/ < 0.4 GeV.
Date: May 5, 1988
Creator: Mathis, L. G.
System: The UNT Digital Library
The solar flare of 18 August 1979: Incoherent scatter radar data and photochemical model comparisons (open access)

The solar flare of 18 August 1979: Incoherent scatter radar data and photochemical model comparisons

Measurements of electron density at seven D-region altidues were made with the Arecibo radar during a Class-X solar flare on 18 August 1979. Measurements of solar x-ray fluxes during the same period were available from the GOES-2 satellite (0.5 to 4 /angstrom/ and 1 to 8 /angstrom/) and from ISEE-3 (in four bands between 26 and 400 keV). From the x-ray flux data we computed ionization rates in the D-region and the associated chemical changes, using a coupled atmospheric chemistry and diffusion model (with 836 chemical reactions and 19 vertical levels). The computed electron densities matched the data fairly well after we had adjusted the rate coefficients of two reactions. We discuss the hierarchies among the many flare-induced chemical reactions in two altitude ranges within the D-region and the effects of adjusting several other rate coefficients. 51 refs., 6 figs., 3 tabs.
Date: April 1, 1988
Creator: Zinn, J.; Sutherland, C. D.; Fenimore, E. E. & Ganguly, S.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Conservation and Renewable Energy Program: Bibliography, 1988 edition (open access)

Conservation and Renewable Energy Program: Bibliography, 1988 edition

The 831 references covering the period 1980 through Feb. 1988, are arranged under the following: analysis and evaluation, building equipment, building thermal envelope systems and materials, community systems and cogeneration, residential conservation service, retrofit, advanced heat engine ceramics, alternative fuels, microemulsion fuels, industrial chemical heat pumps, materials for waste heat utilization, energy conversion and utilization materials, tribology, emergency energy conservation,inventions, electric energy systems, thermal storage, biofuels production, biotechnology, solar technology, geothermal, and continuous chromatography in multicomponent separations. An author index is included.
Date: April 1, 1988
Creator: Vaughan, K.H. (comp.)
System: The UNT Digital Library
Niagara Falls Storage Site, Lewiston, New York: Annual site environmental report, Calendar year 1987: Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP) (open access)

Niagara Falls Storage Site, Lewiston, New York: Annual site environmental report, Calendar year 1987: Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP)

The monitoring program at the Niagara Falls Storage Site (NFSS) measures radon gas concentrations in air; external gamma radiation levels; and uranium and radium concentrations in surface water, groundwater, and sediment. To verify that the site is in compliance with the DOE radiation protection standard and to assess its potential effect on public health, the radiation dose was calculated for the maximally exposed individual. Based on the conservative scenario described in the report, this individual would receive an annual external exposure approximately equivalent to 6 percent of the DOE radiation protection standard of 100 mrem/yr. By comparison, the incremental dose received from living in a brick house versus a wooden house is 10 mrem/yr above background. The cumulative dose to the population within an 80-km (50-mi) radius of the NFSS that would result from radioactive materials present at the site would be indistinguishable from the dose that the same population would receive from naturally occurring radioactive sources. Results of the 1987 monitoring show that the NFSS is in compliance with the DOE radiation protection standard. 13 refs., 10 figs., 20 tabs.
Date: April 1, 1988
Creator: unknown
System: The UNT Digital Library
Development and process evaluation of improved Fischer-Tropsch slurry catalysts (open access)

Development and process evaluation of improved Fischer-Tropsch slurry catalysts

The objective of this contract is to develop a consistent technical data base on the use of iron-based catalysts in Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis reactions. This data base will be developed to allow the unambiguous comparison of the performance of these catalysts with each other and with state-of-the-art iron catalyst comparisons. Particular attention will be devoted to generating reproducible kinetic and selectivity data and to developing reproducible improved catalyst compositions.
Date: January 1, 1988
Creator: Withers, H.P. (Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., Allentown, PA (United States)); Bukur, D.B. & Rosynek, M.P. (Texas A and M Univ., College Station, TX (United States))
System: The UNT Digital Library
Project to design and develop an energy-related program: For public housing residents and renters: Volume 1, Final report (open access)

Project to design and develop an energy-related program: For public housing residents and renters: Volume 1, Final report

This demonstration project was undertaken as a result of an unsolicited proposal submitted by THE ASSIGNMENT GROUP (TAG) to the Office of Minority Economic Impact, Department of Energy (DOE). The problem to which the proposal responded was how to minimize the costs associated with public housing tenants in standard public housing as well as under homeownership transfers. A related problem was how to graduate the tenants to another level of responsibility and self-sufficiency through resident business developments and training in energy-related fields. The size and gravity of the problem necessitated a purpose or aim that had nationwide application, yet lent itself to a microscopic look. Consequently, the goal that emanated was the design and development of an energy-related demonstration program that educates public housing residents, facilitates indigenous business development where appropriate, and trains residents to provide needed services.
Date: May 1, 1988
Creator: unknown
System: The UNT Digital Library
Middle Fork and Upper Salmon River Habitat Improvement Implementation Plan, FY 1988-1992. (open access)

Middle Fork and Upper Salmon River Habitat Improvement Implementation Plan, FY 1988-1992.

This document presents an implementation plan for completing the phase II portion of the Middle Fork and Upper Salmon River Habitat Improvement Agreement. Underseeding of spawning adult salmon and steelhead, high instream sediment levels, a lack of habitat diversity in the form of overhanging riparian vegetation and edge, and barriers to both adult and juvenile anadromous fish migration were identified as the principal factors limiting anadromous fish production in the project area. Underseeding is being addressed in other projects sponsored and funded by the Bonneville Power Administration while this implementation plan lays out a schedule for resolving the other identified limiting factors. The primary goal of this program is to increase the quality and quantity of anadromous fish habitat (spring chinook and summer steelhead) with an emphasis on the survival of the wild stocks. This goal will be achieved by reducing the impact of sediment loading, improving riparian vegetation, eliminating passage barriers, and increasing habitat diversity. Meeting the above goal will provide off-site mitigation under the manadate of the pacific northwest electric power planning and conservation act of 1980. Project implementation will follow measures in the Northwest Power Council's Columbia River Fish and Wildlife Program. 9 refs., 3 figs., 5 …
Date: February 1, 1988
Creator: Andrews, John & Everson, Larry B.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Investigation of leaks in fiberglass-reinforced pressure vessels by direct observation of hollow fibers in glass cloth (open access)

Investigation of leaks in fiberglass-reinforced pressure vessels by direct observation of hollow fibers in glass cloth

A simple method of visual observation of hollow fibers within fiberglass cloth has been developed. This visualization can aid in determining the contribution these fibers make toward leaks observed in fiberglass-reinforced epoxy resin pressure or vacuum vessels. Photographs and frequency data of these hollow fibers are provided. 3 figs.
Date: January 1, 1988
Creator: McAdams, J.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Mafic and Ultramafic Xenoliths from Volcanic Rocks of the Western United States (open access)

Mafic and Ultramafic Xenoliths from Volcanic Rocks of the Western United States

From abstract: Mafic and ultramafic xenoliths in the Western United States are present in volcanic rocks ranging from lamprophyric to dacitic in composition and are found in every major tectonic province from the Coast ranges from California to the Great Plains. Xenoliths from 68 localities are described here, but new localities are being discovered, and much remain to be learned about their distribution with respect to the tectonic and geophysical framework of the Western United States.
Date: 1988
Creator: Wilshire, Howard Gordon; Meyer, C. E.; Nakata, John K.; Calk, L. C.; Shervais, John W.; Nielson, J. E. et al.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Profile correction to electron temperature and enhancement factor in soft x-ray pulse-height-analysis measurements in tokamaks (open access)

Profile correction to electron temperature and enhancement factor in soft x-ray pulse-height-analysis measurements in tokamaks

Because soft x-ray pulse-height-analysis (PHA) spectra contain chordal information, the electron temperature and the radiation intensity (enhancement factor) measurements do not represent the local values. Assuming that the profile Ansatz for the electron temperature and density is of the form n/sub eo/(1-(ra)/sup 2/)/sup ..cap alpha../ and kT/sub eo/(1--(ra)/sup 2/)/sup ..beta../, we obtain the correction factors for the electron temperature and the enhancement factor as a function of the profile coefficients ..cap alpha.. and ..beta.. and the energy at which the evaluation was made. The corrected values of the temperature are typically between 1 to 10% higher than the values derived from the raw chordal spectra. We also correct the measured radiation intensity for the profile effects. Finally, the spectrum distortion due to pulse pile-up effects is evaluated. A set of curves is given from which the distortion of the spectrum can be obtained, if the electron temperature, the Be or Al filter thickness, and the electronic parameters of the acquisition system are known. 7 refs., 23 figs.
Date: April 1, 1988
Creator: Sesnic, S.; Diesso, M.; Hill, K.; Holland, A. & Pohl, F.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Nonlinear gyrokinetic theory for finite-BETA plasmas (open access)

Nonlinear gyrokinetic theory for finite-BETA plasmas

A self-consistent and energy-conserving set of nonlinear gyrokinetic equations, consisting of the averaged Vlasov and Maxwell's equations for finite-..beta.. plasmas, is derived. The method utilized in the present investigation is based on the Hamiltonian formalism and Lie transformation. The resulting formation is valid for arbitrary values of k/perpendicular//rho//sub i/ and, therefore, is most suitable for studying linear and nonlinear evolution of microinstabilities in tokamak plasmas as well as other areas of plasma physics where the finite Larmor radius effects are important. Because the underlying Hamiltonian structure is preserved in the present formalism, these equations are directly applicable to numerical studies based on the existing gyrokinetic particle simulation techniques. 31 refs.
Date: February 1, 1988
Creator: Hahm, T. S.; Lee, W. W. & Brizard, A.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Dominant lethal study in CD-1 mice following inhalation exposure to 1,3-butadiene: Final technical report (open access)

Dominant lethal study in CD-1 mice following inhalation exposure to 1,3-butadiene: Final technical report

The effects of whole-body inhalation exposures to 1,3-butadiene on the reproductive system was evaluated. The results of dominant lethality in CD-1 male mice that were exposed to 1,3-butadiene are described. Subsequent to exposure, males were mated with two unexposed females. Mating was continued for 8 weeks with replacement of two females each week. Gravid uteri were removed, and the total number, position and status of implantations were determined. The mice were weighed prior to exposure and at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 weeks after exposure and at sacrifice. The animals were observed for mortality, morbidity and signs of toxicity throughout the study. 19 refs., 5 figs., 9 tabs.
Date: April 1, 1988
Creator: Hackett, P. L.; Mast, T. J.; Brown, M. G.; Clark, M. L.; Evanoff, J. J.; Rowe, S. E. et al.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Energy related studies utilizing microcline thermochronology: Progress report, May 1, 1987-April 30, 1988 (open access)

Energy related studies utilizing microcline thermochronology: Progress report, May 1, 1987-April 30, 1988

Rock samples from the Salton Sea Geothermal Field (sandstone, tuff, granite) and from accretionary prism sediments along the convergent margins in southeast Alaska and southwest Japan have been dated by the /sup 40/Ar/sup 39/Ar method. Paleotemperatures have been calculated. (ACR
Date: April 30, 1988
Creator: unknown
System: The UNT Digital Library