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Consolidated Fuel Reprocessing Program. Operating experience with pulsed-column holdup estimators
Methods for estimating pulsed-column holdup are being investigated as part of the Safeguards Assessment task of the Consolidated Fuel Reprocessing Program (CFRP) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The CFRP was a major sponsor of test runs at the Barnwell Nuclear Fuel plant (BNFP) in 1980 and 1981. During these tests, considerable measurement data were collected for pulsed columns in the plutonium purification portion of the plant. These data have been used to evaluate and compare three available methods of holdup estimation.
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Ehinger, M.H.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Linear accelerators of the future
Some of the requirements imposed on future linear accelerators to be used in electron-positron colliders are reviewed, as well as some approaches presently being examined for meeting those requirements. RF sources for use in these linacs are described, as well as wakefields, single bunches, and multiple-bunch trains. (LEW)
Date:
July 1, 1986
Creator:
Loew, G.A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
(Performance evaluation of fabric bag filters on a bench-scale coal gasifier)
The objective of the proposed work is to demonstrate the operational and economic feasibility of using high-temperature ceramic filters for particulate control in a variety of coal gasification power generating systems.
Date:
January 15, 1986
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Report of test beam subgroup
Tasks reported on include: exploration of issues of demand for test beams, and particularly for high energy; fleshing out the possibilities of the High Energy Booster beams; and seeking inexpensive ways of providing high energy facilities. (LEW)
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Nodulman, L.; Groom, D.; Harrison, M.; Toohig, T.; Gustafson, R. & Kirk, T.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Literature review of the concentration ratios of selected radionuclides in freshwater and marine fish
Concentration ratios (CR's) used for modeling the uptake and food chain transport of radionuclides in fish have usually been conservative; that is, at the high end of reported values. This practice ensures that the dose to the consumer of contaminated fish will not be underestimated. In many models, however, conservative values have been used for all variables that have any uncertainty associated with them. As a result the dose to the consumer is overestimated. Realistic CR values need to be developed to establish model parameters that will accurately reflect tissue burdens in fish and resulting dose rates to consumers. This report reviews and summarizes published literature on the uptake and distribution of stable and radioactive isotopes of 26 elements. Based on this review, we have made recommendations on CR values to be used for modeling the accumulation of radionuclides in fish. Our recommendations are compared with CR values reported in other publications. A generic discussion of abiotic and biotic factors that influence CR values is provided so that CR values may be adjusted based on site-specific characteristics of the fishes habitat. Recommended CR values for freshwater fish and for marine fish are listed. Although this report emphasizes radionuclides, it is …
Date:
September 1, 1986
Creator:
Poston, T. M. & Klopfer, D. C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Framework for fuel-cycle approaches to IAEA safeguards
A framework is presented for comparing various safeguards verification approaches which have been proposed for consideration. Each inventory change, inventory, and material balance for each nuclear facility, reported by a state, may be verified. Verification approaches are compared by listing which of these reports would be verified and to what degree for each approach as they might be applied to a state with a closed fuel cycle. The comparison indicates that the extended-material-balance-area (or zone), the information-correlation, and the randomization-over-facilities approaches make more efficient use of Agency resources than the facility-oriented approach for states with large nuclear power programs. In contrast, any advantages of randomizing inspections over inspection activities within facilities are, percentagewise, relatively independent of the size of a state's nuclear program.
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Fishbone, L.G. & Higinbotham, W.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Personal extrapolation of CDF test beam use to the SSC
The author's personal experience in test beam usage at CDF is used to predict SSC needs at the point of turn-on. It is concluded that the test beam demand will reflect the scale of effort involved in SSC detectors rather than the total number of them. Provision for later expansion is recommended. It is also recommended that the test beam facilities, as well as detector electronics, should reflect the available dynamic range; particularly, a single high energy beam derived from the SSC could be shared by several groups. (LEW)
Date:
June 23, 1986
Creator:
Nodulman, L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Indoor air quality measurements in 38 Pacific Northwest commercial buildings
A Bonneville Power Administration-funded study monitored ventilation rates and a variety of indoor air pollutants in 38 Pacific Northwest commercial buildings. The buildings ranged in age from 6 months to 90 years, in size from 864 to 34,280 m/sup 2/, and occupancy from 25 to 2500 people. Building average formaldehyde (HCHO) concentrations were below the 20 ppB detection limit in 48% of the buildings. Nitrogen dioxide (NO/sub 2/) concentration averages ranged from 5 ppB to 43 ppB and were lower than outdoor concentrations in 8 of 13 buildings. At only one site, an elementary school classroom, did carbon dioxide (CO/sub 2/) exceed 1000 ppM. Radon (Rn) levels were elevated in one building with an average concentration of 7.4 pCiL/sup -1/. Respirable particles (RSP) concentrations in smoking areas in 32 buildings had a geometric mean of 44 ..mu..g m/sup -3/ and ranged up to 308 ..mu..g m/sup -3/ at one site. In non-smoking areas the geometric mean RSP was 15 ..mu..g m/sup -3/. Outside air ventilation rates did not appear to be the single dominant parameter in determining indoor pollutant concentrations. Measured pollutant concentrations in 2 ''complaint'' buildings were below accepted guidelines. The cause of the complaints was not identified.
Date:
June 1, 1986
Creator:
Turk, B. H.; Brown, J. T.; Geisling-Sobotka, K.; Froehlich, D. A.; Grimsrud, D. T.; Harrison, J. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development and testing of a Monte Carlo code system for analysis of ionization chamber responses
To predict the perturbation of interactions between radiation and material by the presence of a detector, a differential Monte Carlo computer code system entitled MICAP was developed and tested. This code system determines the neutron, photon, and total response of an ionization chamber to mixed field radiation environments. To demonstrate the ability of MICAP in calculating an ionization chamber response function, a comparison was made to 05S, an established Monte Carlo code extensively used to accurately calibrate liquid organic scintillators. Both code systems modeled an organic scintillator with a parallel beam of monoenergetic neutrons incident on the scintillator. (LEW)
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Johnson, J.O. & Gabriel, T.A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Tensile and fracture properties of EBR-II-irradiated V-15Cr-5Ti containing helium
The alloy V-15Cr-5Ti was cyclotron-implanted with 80 appM He and subsequently irradiated in the Experimental Breeder Reactor (EBR-II) to 30 dpa. The same alloy was also irradiated in the 10, 20, and 30% cold-worked conditions. Irradiation temperatures ranged from 400 to 700/sup 0/C. No significant effects of helium on mechanical properties were found in this temperature range although the neutron irradiation shifted the temperature of transition from cleavage to ductile fracture to about 625/sup 0/C. Ten percent cold work was found to have a beneficial effect in reducing the tendency for cleavage fracture following irradiation, but high levels (20%) were observed to reduce ductility. Still higher levels (30%) improved ductility by inducing recovery during the elevated-temperature irradiation. Swelling was found to be negligible, but precipitates - titanium oxides or carbonitrides - contained substantial cavities.
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Grossbeck, M.L. & Horak, J.A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Tests of quantum electrodynamics in few-electron very high-Z ions
This article discusses our measurement of the Lamb shift in heliumlike uranium and outlines future tests of QED using few- electron very high atomic number (Z) ions. Our recently reported Lamb shift value of 70.4 (8.1) eV for the one- electron Lamb shift in uranium is in agreement with the theoretical value of 75.3 (0.4) eV. The experimental value was extracted from a beam-foil time-of-flight measurement of the 54.4 (3.3) ps lifetime of the 1s2p/sub 1/2/ /sup 3/P/sub 0/ state of heliumlike uranium. 24 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.
Date:
August 1, 1986
Creator:
Gould, H. & Munger, C.T.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Panel discussion on laboratory accelerator programs: present and future
The present SLAC accelerator program is summarized briefly, and the future of electron-positron colliders is discussed. Present activities discussed include the PEP storage ring, the SPEAR storage ring, the Linear Accelerator, and the SLAC Linear Collider (SLC) project. Future prospects include a larger scale linear collider. The stability requirements on acceleration are briefly discussed. (LEW)
Date:
September 1, 1986
Creator:
Richter, B.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Laser neutralization
Laser photodetachment of the excess electron to neutralize relativistic ions offers many advantages over the more conventional collisional methods using gases or thin foils as the neutralization agents. Probably the two most important advantages of laser photodetachment are the generation of a compact and low divergence beam, and the production of intense neutral beams at very high efficiency (approximately 90%). The high intensities or high current densities of the neutral beam result from the fixed maximum divergence that can be added to the beam by photodetachment of the charge using laser intensity of fixed wavelength and incident angle. The high neutralization efficiency is possible because there is no theoretical maximum to the neutralization efficiency, although higher efficiencies require higher laser powers and, therefore, costs. Additional advantages include focusability of the laser light onto the ion beam to maximize its efficacy. There certainly is no residual gas left in the particle beam path as is typical with gas neutralizers. The photodetachment process leaves the neutral atoms in the ground state so there is no excited state fluorescence to interfere with the subsequent beam sensing. Finally, since the beams to be neutralized are very high powered, for a large range of neutralization …
Date:
June 17, 1986
Creator:
Peterson, O.G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Applications of the MEVVA high current metal ion source
A new kind of ion source has been developed in which a metal vapor vacuum arc (MEVVA) is used to produce the plasma from which the ion beam is extracted. The novel and exciting feature of this source is the very high metal ion beam current attainable. A total ion beam current of over 1 Ampere has been extracted from the embodiment of the concept that we're presently using, and this is not a limit of the method. The source was developed to upgrade the uranium ion beam intensity of the Bevatron, LBL's heavy ion synchrotron, for basic nuclear physics research. Other important applications include its use within the Heavy Ion Fusion research effort; for ion implantation; and for other basic research uses. In this paper the source is described briefly, its performance outlined, and its poential and limitations for a variety of applications is discussed.
Date:
August 1, 1986
Creator:
Brown, I.G.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Theoretical and experimental studies of churn flow in vertical tubes. Final technical report
The pattern known as churn flow is a highly unsteady pattern with stochastic features and is extremely complex. However, calculations show that for many geothermal wells the condition of churn flow consists over much of the length of the two phase zone. Furthermore, it frequently exists at the surface so that design of separation equipment and surface piping depends on the accurate modelling of this type of flow. It has been the long term purpose of this project to develop physically based models for churn flow which can be used as a basis for predicting holdup, frictional loss and heat transfer rates for this flow pattern in geothermal systems. To achieve this end, it was necessary to develop new methods for measuring the time dependent characteristics of the flow and thus be able to uncover the basic physics of the flow. Models can then be developed based on this understanding which characterizes the flow and equations for holdup, friction and heat transfer evolved.
Date:
January 27, 1986
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Very high Mach number shocks: theory
The theory and simulation of collisionless perpendicular supercritical shock structure is reviewed, with major emphasis on recent research results. The primary tool of investigation is the hybrid simulation method, in which the Newtonian orbits of a large number of ion macroparticles are followed numerically, and in which the electrons are treated as a charge neutralizing fluid. The principal results to be presented are (1) electron resistivity is not required to explain the observed quasi-stationarity of the earth's bow shock, (2) the structure of the perpendicular shock at very high Mach numbers (M/sub A/ approx. = 15 - 20 and ..beta.. approx. = 1, where M/sub A/ is the Alfven Mach number of the shock and ..beta.. is the ratio of the thermal to magnetic pressure) depends sensitively on the upstream ..beta.. and electron resistivity, (3) two-dimensional turbulence will become increasingly important as the Mach number is increased, and (4) non-adiabatic bulk electron heating will result when a thermal electron cannot complete a gyro-orbit while transiting the shock. 32 refs., 13 figs.
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Quest, K. B.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Is a 4-train support ''always'' more reliable than a 2-train support
Once the gross features of a frontline fluid system have been defined, one must consider what support system configuration will provide the best overall system performance. This paper considers different dc bus configurations for a given emergency feedwater system. Results indicate that a four-train support system (i.e., 4 dc buses) gives a lower system unavailability for transients, but a higher system unavailability for Anticipated Transients Without Scram (ATWS), than a two-train support system (i.e., two dc buses). This serves to illustrate that more trains do not necessarily provide higher reliability, and that a configuration choice which is better for one mission success criterion may be worse for another. Because of the small characteristic unreliability of dc buses, the numerical comparisons made here are not dramatic, but the underlying topological point is nevertheless broadly applicable. The EFWS selected in this study consists of two turbine-driven pumps, and two motor-driven pumps, with associated piping, instruments, and valves. There are two divisions of EFWS, each division including one turbine-driven pump train, and one motor-driven pump train with a crosstie that can provide an alternate flow path in case one train is not available. Each of the motor-driven pumps has one ac power bus …
Date:
June 1, 1986
Creator:
Guey, C.N.; Arrieta, L. & Youngblood, R.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Centralized processing of contact-handled TRU waste feasibility analysis
This report presents work for the feasibility study of central processing of contact-handled TRU waste. Discussion of scenarios, transportation options, summary of cost estimates, and institutional issues are a few of the subjects discussed. (JDL)
Date:
December 1, 1986
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Recent developments in positron emission tomography (PET) instrumentation
This paper presents recent detector developments and perspectives for positron emission tomography (PET) instrumentation used for medical research, as well as the physical processes in positron annihilation, photon scattering and detection, tomograph design considerations, and the potentials for new advances in detectors. 117 refs., 4 figs., 4 tabs.
Date:
April 1, 1986
Creator:
Derenzo, S.E. & Budinger, T.F.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Top quark and light Higgs scalar mass bounds in no-scale supergravity
No-scale supergravity theories with the minimal low-energy particle content are shown to become untenable for a top quark mass m/sub T/ much less than 40 GeV. For m/sub T/ < 55 GeV, a stringent upper bound operates on the mass of the lowest-lying Higgs scalar. Further, the Higgs pseudoscalar is constrained to be nearly a quarter as massive as the gluino.
Date:
August 29, 1986
Creator:
Roy, P.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Proceedings of the US DOE/UK AEA Workshop on Facility Design
This document contains the proceeding of a Workshop on Facility Design that was held between the United States Department of Energy and the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Albuquerque, New Mexico, October 27--29, 1986. The intention of the workshop was to display relevant design criteria and to demonstrate for various US and UK facilities, current and projected criteria and how these criteria have been satisfied by facility design. Specific examples concern small plants, large plants, and waste stores.
Date:
November 1, 1986
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fabrication and characterization of MCC approved testing material: ATM-11 glass
ATM-11 glass is designed to be representative of defense high-level waste glasses that will be produced by the Defense Waste Processing Facility at the Savannah River Plant in Aiken, South Carolina. It is representative of a 300-year-old nuclear waste glass and was intended as a conservative compromise between 10-year-old waste and 1000-year-old waste. The feedstock material for this glass was supplied by Savannah River Laboratory, Aiken, SC, as SRL-165 black frit to which was added Ba, Cs, Mo, Nd, Ni, Pd, Rb, Ru, Sr, Te, Y, and Zr, as well as /sup 241/Am, /sup 237/Np, /sup 239+240/Pu, /sup 151/Sm, /sup 99/Tc, and depleted U. The glass was melted under the reducing conditions that resulted from the addition of 0.7 wt% graphite during the final melting process. Nearly 3 kg of ATM-11 glass were produced from a feedstock melted in a nitrogen-atmosphere glove box at 1250/sup 0/C in Denver Fire Clay crucibles. After final melting, the glass was formed into stress-annealed rectangular bars 1.9 x 1.9 x 10 cm nominal size. Twenty-six bars were cast with a nominal weight of about 100 g each. The analyzed composition of ATM-11 glass is tabulated. Examination of a single transverse section from one bar …
Date:
August 1, 1986
Creator:
Wald, J. W. & Daniel, J. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Neutron scattering of transuranium materials
A number of neutron experiments on transuranium materials are reviewed. Purpose of these experiments, which range from studies of crystal fields in the oxides to excitations in PuSb, is to increase our understanding of the 5f electron behavior across the first half of the actinide series. Comparisons are made with the more familiar uranium analogues.
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Lander, G.H.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
High-definition television evaluation for remote handling task performance
This paper describes experiments designed to evaluate the impact of HDTV on the performance of typical remote tasks. The experiments described in this paper compared the performance of four operators using HDTV with their performance while using other television systems. The experiments included four television systems: (1) high-definition color television, (2) high-definition monochromatic television, (3) standard-resolution monochromatic television, and (4) standard-resolution stereoscopic monochromatic television. The stereo system accomplished stereoscopy by displaying two cross-polarized images, one reflected by a half-silvered mirror and one seen through the mirror. Observers wore a pair of glasses with cross-polarized lenses so that the left eye received only the view from the left camera and the right eye received only the view from the right camera.
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Fujita, Y.; Omori, E.; Hayashi, S.; Draper, J.V. & Herndon, J.N.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library