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Nuclear power options viability: Oak Ridge National Laboratory's study
Seven criteria, augmented by desired characteristics, were established to assess the viability of nuclear reactors for the timeframe beginning at 2005 for the United States. Earlier nuclear power needs will be filled by LWRs. Several advanced concepts were selected, based on three ground rules, and assessed. It was concluded that there are several acceptable and viable concepts.
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Gat, U.; Trauger, D.B. & White, J.D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Benchmark of the Convex C-1 mini supercomputer
In July 1985, we benchmarked the Convex C-1 computer at the Convex plant in Richardson, Texas. The machine is marketed as a mini-supercomputer executing a UNIX operating system. The architecture includes vector functional units, 16-million 64-bit words of physical memory and 64 kbytes of set-associative cache between main memory and the CPU. The standard one-processor Los Alamos benchmarks were executed and timed in both single-precision (32-bit) and double-precision (64-bit) floating-point mode. Subsequent to the July benchmark, the machine architecture was changed to expand the cache bypass for vector memory accesses. The benchmarks were redone in October 1985 to include the significant architecture modification. The results in this paper are from the latest benchmark.
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Simmons, M.L. & Lubeck, OlM.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Numerical solution of the Schroedinger integral equation for dt. mu. Progress report
The Schroedinger Integral Equation is derived for an N-body system, and solutions for required Green's functions are obtained. The initial method of numerical solution has yielded the correct ground states and lower excited states of He (test case) and dt..mu... Steps are being taken to improve the numerical accuracy.
Date:
August 22, 1986
Creator:
Morgan, D.L. Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Radiation in the SLC final focus alcoves from beam losses in collimators and dumps. Revision
There are various beam line components between the interaction point (IP) of the SLC and the beam dumps which will intercept enough beam to warrant calculating the radiation levels inside the final focus alcoves. The three types of devices which are of concern are the main dump, tune-up dumps, and adjustable collimators. Fluences of and doses from neutrons and photons in the alcoves are calculated. It is concluded that if the beam losses do occur as expected, many of the electronic components in the alcoves will begin to fail after a very short running period. The final focus is seen to be a hostile environment for sensitive electronics, and some combination of local shielding around the beam intercepting devices and shielding of the alcoves themselves is recommended if electronics are to remain in the tunnels. Annual doses in the alcoves are tabulated, followed by types, locations of devices and beam losses. (LEW)
Date:
October 1, 1986
Creator:
Jenkins, T.M. & McCall, R.C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Mayer-Fermi Theory and the Long Sequences in the Periodic Table
Changes in the radial wave functions for d electrons which occur preceding the onset of the transition series of elements and for f electrons preceding the onset of the lanthanide and actinide series are examined. The sensitivity of the radial wave functions to variations in the effective potential is discussed, and the large variation in the radial wave functions between the LS terms of certain types of excited configurations in these regions of the periodic system is analyzed. Several examples of electron-impact ionization are explained by analyzing the effective potentials for the excited electrons in the intermediate autoionizing states. 46 refs., 18 figs. (WRF)
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Griffin, D. C.; Cowan, R. D. & Pindzola, M. S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Charge-exchange measurements of MHD activity during neutral beam injection in the Princeton Large Torus and the Poloidal Divertor Experiment
The horizontally scanning, multiangle charge-exchange analyzers on the Princeton Large Torus (PLT) and the Poloidal Divertor Experiment (PDX) were used to study the effects of MHD activity on the background ion distribution function and on the beam ion slowing-down process during high-power neutral injection. Sawtooth oscillations were observed in the fast ion flux on PLT and PDX, and measurements with neutral beams providing local neutral density enhancement indicate that ions are transported radially when these events occur. With near-perpendicular injection in PDX, at the lower toroidal fields necessary to maximize beta, rapid, repetitive bursts of greatly enhanced charge-exchange flux were observed. These are associated with the ''fishbone'' MHD instability, and a substantial depletion of the perpendicular slowing-down spectrum below the injection energy was seen. A simple phenomenological model for this loss mechanism was developed, and its use in simulation codes has been successful in providing good agreement with the data. The behavior and characteristics of this model are well matched by the direct theoretical calculations.
Date:
July 1, 1986
Creator:
Goldston, R. J.; Kaita, R.; Beiersdorfer, P.; Gammel, G.; Herndon, D. L.; McCune, D. C. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
An Experimental Approach to Determining Subsurface Leakage From a Surface Impoundment Using a Radioisotope Tracer
Bromine-82, a 35.3-h half-life radionuclide, was used as a tracer to determine the paths and rates of leakage from an unlined, 1,000,000-gal (3,785,000 L), surface impoundment at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Since the impoundment is underlain and surrounded by storm sewer and sanitary sewer lines (most of them predating the impoundment), known and suspected leak sites in storm drain catch basins and sanitary sewer manholes were sampled periodically and analyzed for /sup 82/Br. A series of four ground water monitoring wells - three downgradient and one upgradient from the impoundment - were also sampled for /sup 82/Br. Although the catch basin and manhole samples picked up /sup 82/Br in leakage from the impoundment less than 5 h after application of the tracer, the monitoring well samples did not contain detectable levels of the radionuclide. It was concluded that the monitoring wells were sampling groundwater moving through the formation, whereas the storm drains and manholes were sampling water leaking rapidly through secondary porosity and along preferred pathways. The decline in tracer concentration as a function of time was used to determine the residence time of water in the pond and hence the flow rate through the pond. This flow rate, …
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Ashwood, T. L.; Story, J. D.; Larsen, I. L. & Schultz, F. J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
IPFR: Integrated Pool Fusion Reactor concept
The IPFR (Integrated Pool Fusion Reactor) concept is to place a fusion reactor into a pool of molten Flibe. The Flibe will serve the multiple functions of breeding, cooling, shielding, and moderating. Therefore, the only structural material between the superconducting magnets and the plasma is the first wall. The first wall is a stand-alone structure with no coolant connection and is cooled by Flibe at the atmospheric pressure. There is also no need of the primary coolant loop. The design is expected to improve the safety, reliability, and maintainability aspects of the fusion system.
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Sze, D.K.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Electron dynamics with radiation and nonlinear wigglers
The physics of electron motion in storage rings is described by supplementing the Hamiltonian equations of motion with fluctuating radiation reaction forces to describe the effects of synchrotron radiation. This leads to a description of radiation damping and quantum diffusion in single-particle phase-space by means of Fokker-Planck equations. For practical purposes, most storage rings remain in the regime of linear damping and diffusion; this is discussed in some detail with examples, concentrating on longitudinal phase space. However special devices such as nonlinear wigglers may permit the new generation of very large rings to go beyond this into regimes of nonlinear damping. It is shown how a special combined-function wiggler can be used to modify the energy distribution and current profile of electron bunches.
Date:
June 1, 1986
Creator:
Jowett, J.M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Comparisons of the structure, stability and electron distribution of nitrobenzenes and nitro-sym-triazines
Nitrobenzenes are a well known class of stable organic compounds. Nitro-sym-triazines are not known, although other substituted triazines are very well known. To investigate what properties the nitrotriazines might have, should they be synthesized, we performed molecular orbital calculations for nitrotriazine (NTZ), dinitrotriazine (DNTZ), and trinitrotriazine (TNTZ). Nitrobenzenes with analogous nitrogroup substitution were also studied to provide a check on the calculations. In particular, nitrobenzene (NB), 1,3-dinitrobenzene (DNB), and 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB) were studied. 17 figs., 5 tabs.
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Ritchie, J.P.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Nonlinear evolution of drift instabilities in the presence of collisions
Nonlinear evolution of drift instabilities in the presence of electron-ion collisions in a shear-free slab has been studied by using gyrokinetic particle simulation techniques as well as by solving, both numerically and analytically, model mode-coupling equations. The purpose of the investigation is to determine the mechanisms responsible for the nonlinear saturation of the instability and for the ensuing steady-state transport. Such an insight is very valuable for understanding drift wave problems in more complicated geometries. The results indicate that the electron E x B convection is the dominant mechanism for saturation. It is also found that the saturation amplitude and the associated quasilinear diffusion are greatly enhanced over their collisionless values as a result of weak collisions. In the highly collisional (fluid) limit, there is an upper bound for saturation with ephi/T/sub e/ approx. = (..omega../sub l//..cap omega../sub i/)/(k/sub perpendicular/rho/sub s/)/sup 2/. The associated quasilinear diffusion, which increases with collisionality, takes the form of D/sub ql/ approx. = ..gamma../sub l//k/sub perpendicular//sup 2/, where ..omega../sub l/ and ..gamma../sub l/ are the linear frequency and growth rate, respectively. In the steady state, the diffusion process becomes stochastic in nature. The relevant mechanisms here are related to the velocity-space nonlinearities and background fluctuations. …
Date:
July 1, 1986
Creator:
Federici, J. F.; Lee, W. W. & Tang, W. M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Measurement of energy deposition near high energy, heavy ion tracks. Progress report, December 1982-April 1985
The microscopic spatial distribution of energy deposition in irradiated tissue plays a significant role in the final biological effect produced. Therefore, it is important to have accurate microdosimetric spectra of radiation fields used for radiobiology and radiotherapy. The experiments desribed here were designed to measure the distributions of energy deposition around high energy heavy ion tracks generated at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory's Bevalac Biomedical Facility. A small proportional counter mounted in a large (0.6 by 2.5 m) vacuum chamber was used to measure energy deposition distributions as a function of the distance between detector and primary ion track. The microdosimetric distributions for a homogeneous radiation field were then calculated by integrating over radial distance. This thesis discusses the rationale of the experimental design and the analysis of measurements on 600 MeV/amu iron tracks. 53 refs., 19 figs.
Date:
August 1, 1986
Creator:
Metting, N.F.; Braby, L.A.; Rossi, H.H.; Kliauga, P.J.; Howard, J.; Schimmerling, W. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A project to improve the capabilities of minorities in energy fields and a cost benefit analysis of an ethyl alcohol plant
The project being reported in this document had three components: (1) a research project to carry out cost-benefit analysis of an ethyl alcohol plant at Tuskegee University, (2) seminars to improve the high-technology capabilities of minority persons, and (3) a class in energy management. The report provides a background on the three components listed above. The results from the research on the ethyl alcohol plant, are discussed, along with the seminars, and details of the energy management class.
Date:
August 1, 1986
Creator:
Sara, T.S. & Jones, M. Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Limit on the Anti Nu/sub E/ Mass in Free Molecular Tritium Beta Decay
The beta spectrum of the decay of free molecular tritium has been accurately measured in order to search for a finite anti nu/sub e/ mass. The final state effects in molecular tritium are accurately known and the data thus yield an essentially model independent upper limit of 29 eV on the anti nu/sub e/ mass at the 95% confidence level. 17 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Bowles, T. J.; Browne, J. C.; Maley, M. P.; Robertson, R. G. H.; Wilkerson, J. F.; Knapp, D. A. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory:
This paper discusses progress on experiments at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. The projects and areas discussed are: Principal Parameters Achieved in Experimental Devices, Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor, Princeton Large Torus, Princeton Beta Experiment, S-1 Spheromak, Current-Drive Experiment, X-ray Laser Studies, Theoretical Division, Tokamak Modeling, Spacecraft Glow Experiment, Compact Ignition Tokamak, Engineering Department, Project Planning and Safety Office, Quality Assurance and Reliability, and Administrative Operations.
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Phillips, C.A. (ed.)
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Test of time reversal symmetry with resonance neutron scattering
The possibility of searching for time-reversal symmetry violation in the scattering of epithermal neutrons from nuclei is discussed. Sources of both statistical and systematic errors are reviewed. A qualitative assessment of the size of the time reversal is made and a schematic design of an experiment to test time reversal symmetry is presented. (DWL) 10 refs., 1 fig.
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Bowman, J.D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Kinetics of coal pyrolysis and devolatilization
Research continued on coal devolatilization. Results are presented for rapid devolatilization experiments performed with the 20 -- 30 micron size cut of the reference coal - PSOC 1451D - a high volatile bituminous, Appalachian Province coal. In agreement with behavior observed in rapid, radiant transient heating experiments -flash lamp - and moderate heating rate - heated grid - experiments for the same coal, the devolatilization process is observed to occur in four distinct phases: intraparticle heavy hydrocarbon detachment and transport; heavy hydrocarbon desorption; low temperature reformation reactions producing light gases; high temperature secondary reactions of tars and char degassing. Mass fraction yields light fast yields and tar and char characteristics are presented for a range of reactor temperatures which support the phenomenological picture. A phenomenological model is presented which indicates the distinct phases of devolatilization and the importance of heat transfer conditions on both the overall rate of particle mass loss and the observable volatiles product distribution. The approach taken to model heat transfer conditions in each of the devolatilization reactors employed in the overall investigation is outlined. Predicted weight loss results are shown for three different sets of overall devolatilization kinetic parameters given heat transfer conditions in the UTRC …
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Integral charged particle nuclear date bibliography. Editon 1, Supplement 2
This bibliography is divided into three sections, ''References'', ''Target Index'', and ''Residual Index.'' The ''References'' section contains all references satisfying the following criteria: excitation functions, thick targets, or product yield leading to the formation of a ground or metastable state; the atomic mass and charge of the incident particle must be greater than or equal to 1; the atomic mass of the target must be greater than or equal to 1; and the atomic masses of the outgoing and residual nuclei must be greater than or equal to 1 with the exception of processes which do not lead to a definite residual nucleus and of gamma-ray production cross sections. The ''Target Index'' section contains the incident particle energy and the abbreviated reference lines for all the entries, which contain information on a definite target nucleus and reaction. These reference lines contain the Journal name, followed by the volume and page number. The ''Residual Index'' section also contains the incident particle energy and the abbreviated reference lines for all the entries, which contain information on a definite residual nucleus and a definite target-reaction.
Date:
April 1, 1986
Creator:
Holden, N. E.; Ramavataram, S. & Dunford, C. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Compact nuclear power systems based on particle bed reactors
Compact, low cost nuclear power systems with an extremely low radioactive inventory are described. These systems use the Particle Bed Reactor (PBR), in which HTGR particle fuel is contained in packed beds that are changed daily. The small diameter particle fuel (500 ..mu..m) is directly cooled utilizing the large heat transfer area available (7.8 m/sup 2//liter), thus allowing high bed power densities (MW/liter).
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Horn, F. L.; Powell, J. R.; Steinberg, M. & Takahashi, H.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Design of an intelligent tutoring system (ITS) for aircraft recognition
An intelligent tutoring system has been designed to teach aircraft recognition in support of air defense training. Design of the system incorporated requirements for dynamic assessment of student knowledge, individualized instruction, implementation on a microcomputer, and use of videodisc technology for visual presentations. System design methodology is discussed and compared to instructional system design for computer-based training. The components of the computer tutor are explained in the context of an overview of the tutoring system. 9 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Powell, D. R. & Andrews, A. E.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Chemistry of fission product iodine under nuclear reactor accident conditions
The radioisotopes of iodine are generally acknowledged to be the species whose release into the biosphere as a result of a nuclear reactor accident is of the greatest concern. In the course of its release, the fission product is subjected to differing chemical environments; these can alter the physicochemical form of the fission product and thus modify the manner and extent to which release occurs. Both the chemical environments which are characteristic of reactor accidents and their effect in determining physical and chemical form of fission product iodine have been studied extensively, and are reviewed in this report. 76 refs.
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Malinauskas, A.P. & Bell, J.T.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Conceptual design of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider: RHIC
The complete Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) facility will be a complex set of accelerators and beam transfer equipment connecting them. A significant portion of the total facility either exists or is under construction. Two existing Tandem Van de Graaff accelerators will serve for the initial ion acceleration. Ions with a charge of -1 would be accelerated from ground to +15 MV potential, pass through a stripping foil, and accelerate back to ground potential, where they would pass through a second stripping foil. From there the ions will traverse a long transfer line to the AGS tunnel and be injected into the Booster accelerator. The Booster accelerates the ion bunch, and then the ions pass through one more stripper and then enter the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS), where they are accelerated to the top AGS energy and transferred to the collider. Bending and focusing of ion beams is to be achieved by superconducting magnets. The physics goals behind the RHIC are enumerated, particularly as regards the study of quark matter and the characteristics of high energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. The design of the collider and all its components is described, including the injector, the lattice, magnet system, cryogenic and vacuum systems, …
Date:
May 1, 1986
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Smooth particle hydrodynamics: theory and application to the origin of the moon
The origin of the moon is modeled by the so-called smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method (Lucy, 1977, Monaghan 1985) which substitutes to the fluid a finite set of extended particles, the hydrodynamics equations reduce to the equation of motion of individual particles. These equations of motion differ only from the standard gravitational N-body problem insofar that pressure gradients and viscosity terms have to be added to the gradient of the potential to derive the forces between the particles. The numerical tools developed for ''classical'' N-body problems can therefore be readily applied to solve 3 dimensional hydroynamical problems. 12 refs., 1 fig.
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Benz, W.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Eta-meson production experiments at LAMPF
Results of recent experiments on (..pi.., eta) ractions in nuclei are reported. These results include triton and eta spectra for the /sup 3/He(..pi../sup -/,+) and /sup 3/He(..pi../sup -/,eta) reactions. Also measured were forward angle cross sections and inclusive cross sections on a number of nuclei at three pion momenta for (..pi../sup +/,eta) reactions. (DWL) 3 refs., 4 figs.
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Peng, J.C.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library