A precision built moveable endplate Geiger-Mueller counter was used to measure the absolute disintegration rate of a beta-emitting radioactive gas. A Geiger-Mueller counter used for measuring gaseous radioactivity has <100% counting efficiency owing to two factors: (1) ''end effect, '' due to decreased and distorted fields at the ends where wire-insulator joints are placed, and (2) ''wall effect, '' due to non-ionization by beta particles emitted near to and heading into the wall. The end effect was evaluated by making one end of the counter movable and measuring counting rates at a number of endplate positions. Much of the wall effect was calculated theoretically, based on known data for primary ionization of electrons as a function of energy and gas composition. Corrections were then made for the ''shakeoff'' effect in beta decay and for backscattering of electrons from the counter wall. Measurements and calculations were made for a sample of krypton-85 (beta energy, 0.67 MeV). The wall effect calculation is readily extendable to other beta energies.

Significant increases in flow damping were observed for a tube passing through a plate when a sharp-edge raised-diameter constriction was added to the hole in a plate subject to a constant pressure drop. A correlation of the data in the form of a concentrated viscous damper (dashpot) is given which will be useful in structural dynamic analysis.

This three-day workshop on high-temperature molten salt batteries provided an excellent opportunity to bring together those who are actively involved in the research and development of rechargeable, molten-salt battery systems. Twenty-six papers are presented in three sessions, titled: basic properties of molten salt battery systems, engineering development of lithium-alloy/metal sulfide batteries; and research and development in molten salt systems. This format has been retained in the publication of the workshop papers, with each part having separate pagination.

A photographic study of a hydrogen chloride gas jet reacting in an aqueous solution of ammonia was conducted. The high-speed motion pictures taken revealed that the behavior of the reacting gas jet was highly dynamic and complex. The gaseous jet penetration (''plume'') was not stationary, but underwent a change in shape and size with time, which appeared to be periodic or cyclic. Certain observations made, including a high-pitched sound, exhibited a striking similarity to the so-called ''singing flame'' phenomenon. Such dynamic plume behavior is attributed to the vaporization of the bath liquid due to reaction heat release. The plume length measurements for large concentrations of ammonia seem to confirm the prediction that when the extent of vaporization is large, the plume length is mainly determined by the distance required for condensation of the vapor.

Some years ago a theory was published describing compilation of digital logic system build descriptions (list of behaviors for elementary components and connections between them) into recursively computable system behavior descriptions. The current work describes an analogous theory for computer programs.

This report sets forth the plans for the Mathematics and Computer Science Division during the next five years. These plans build on the Division's strong research programs in applied analysis, computational mathematics, software methodology, and advanced computing. The report addresses five major issues: research programs, research environment, dissemination of research techniques, initiatives, and resource projections.

Motion-dependent fluid forces acting on a tube row with a pitch-to-diameter ratio of 1.35 are measured for several flow velocities and a series of oscillation frequencies. Fluid-damping and fluid-stiffness coefficients are obtained from motion-dependent fluid forces as a function of reduced flow velocity. Fluid-force coefficients agree reasonably with published data. Based on the fluid-force coefficients, the critical flow velocity and instability characteristics of tube arrays in crossflow can be predicted.

The concurrent acquisition of flow-induced vibration (FIV) test data for several configurations of an industrial-size shell-and-tube heat exchanger made possible this evaluation of the HXVA method for six cases. Recommendations to improve the prediction capability were made, with priority on the excitation mechanism for dense fluid flows with non-uniform velocity distributions.

This paper presents an algorithm in PROLOG for compiling recursively computable descriptions of system behavior from computable descriptions of behavior for parts and lists of interconnections. We give a set of conditions that must be satisfied by various data structures in the computation. It seems possible to provide an informal verification (by hand) that these conditions are true also of the output.

Report on an ongoing experimental program to systematically test industrial shell-and-tube exchanger configurations for the occurrence of potentially-damaging tube vibration as a function of flow rate.

Research activities and operations of the Advanced Computing Research Facility (ACRF) at Argonne National Laboratory are discussed for the period from July 1986 through October 1986. The facility is currently supported by the Department of Energy, and is operated by the Mathematics and Computer Science Division at Argonne. Over the past four-month period, a new commercial multiprocessor, the Intel iPSC-VX/d4 hypercube was installed. In addition, four other commercial multiprocessors continue to be available for research - an Encore Multimax, a Sequent Balance 21000, an Alliant FX/8, and an Intel iPSC/d5 - as well as a locally designed multiprocessor, the Lemur. These machines are being actively used by scientists at Argonne and throughout the nation in a wide variety of projects concerning computer systems with parallel and vector architectures.

This collection of exercises has been prepared to teach the use of the automated reasoning system ITP. Previous knowledge of automated reasoning is not presumed. The exercises are designed for use with the UNIX operating system.

This is an article on the center for materials science, the National Bureau Standards (NBS). From ceramic tiles that shield the space shuttle to dental adhesives which replace metal fillings, new materials are revolutionizing technology and everyday life. NBS is at the forefront of materials technology with its broad-based research effort conducted by the Center for Materials Science (CMS). The Center provides measurements, data, standards, reference materials, and other technical information regarding materials to industry, government agencies, universities, and other scientific organizations. CMS research supports development of new and improved materials which can be used safely, efficiently, and economically.

Abstract: The Symposium on Real-Time Optimization in Automated Manufacturing Facilities was held at the National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, Maryland, January 21-22, 1986. It was jointly sponsored by the Center for Manufacturing Engineering (with funds obtained from the Navy Manufacturing Technology Program) and the Center for Applied Mathematics. It was designed to bring together those who design and test optimization procedures for solving planning, scheduling, and routing problems with those who must use these procedures in a real-time manufacturing environment. Included in the proceedings are discussions of the following topics: an approach to hierarchical production planning and scheduling; a hierarchy of intelligent scheduling and control for automated manufacturing systems; the integration of planning scheduling, and control for automated manufacturing; intelligent manufacturing planning systems; a decision making framework for manufacturing systems; PATRIARCH -- hierarchical production scheduling; low-level interactive scheduling; the general employee scheduling problem: an effective large scale solution approach; ISIS project in review; dynamic control in automated manufacturing: a knowledge integrated approach; a management control approach to the manufacturing, planning, and scheduling problem; hierarchies of sub-periods in constraint-directed scheduling; a two-level planning and scheduling approach for computer integrated manufacturing; match-up real-time scheduling; a maximal covering model for loading flexible manufacturing …

Abstract: This report is the result of an in-depth review of the recent technical literature on expert systems,. The material contained in this report provided a basis for assessing the potential for using expert systems in emergency management operations. In choosing the material for inclusion in this report, special emphasis was placed on those aspects of expert systems which addressed the types of problems encountered in emergency management operations. The report is designed for use as a resource document and as a tutorial on expert systems and emergency management. Each chapter consists of a brief topic essay followed by a set of references which expand on the main themes of the essay.

Abstract: This publication contains papers presented at the Seventeenth International Symposium on Free Radicals, held at Snow Mountain Ranch in Granby, Colorado, on August 18-23, 1985. The Symposium was attended by 147 people, representing industry, government, and academia, from 18 countries. A total of 67 papers appear in written form in this document.

Abstract: The First Symposium on The Theory and Application of Expert Systems in Emergency Management, held at the Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. (April 24 and 25, 1985) was funded by the Federal Emergency Management Agency and organized by the National Bureau of Standards' Operations Research Division. The purpose of the symposium was to bring together researchers in expert systems, artificial intelligence, and emergency operations in a forum to review the concepts of expert systems and the problems of emergency management, with the objective of determining how expert systems can be used to augment the experience of local, State and Federal emergency managers faced with the difficult tasks of determining the best response to an emergency situation. Speakers addressed the following areas: The theory and uncertainty aspects of expert systems, artificial intelligence's future role in emergency management, technology for building and using expert systems, emergency management decisions and information needs and uses, applications of expert systems in the management of chemical spills and shipboard and coal mine fires, and the role and use of simulation in emergency management expert systems.

Abstract: Contained herein are bibliographies of Sources of experimental and correlated thermodynamic data for seven binary aqueous mixtures of industrial importance, namely mixtures of CO2, H2S, NH3, H2S0, H3P4, CuCl2 and ZnCl2 with water. The categories of equilibrium data included in the bibliographies are activity and osmotic coefficients, equilibria in solution, enthalpies and heat capacity data, vapor-liquid equilibria, and phase equilibrium data.

Abstract: The Voluminous amount of data than can be collected by automatic data acquisition systems during large scale fire tests requires the use of a digital computer for the reduction of data. RAPID is a stand-alone program specifically designed to convert raw instrument voltages collected during such tests into meaningful units. The reduced data can also be used alone or in combinations to obtain quantities that require more than minimal data reduction. The program is written with the ability to accept data from a user defined data acquisition system, with the ability to check the correctness of data included. Through the use of input data provided by the user, the data can be converted into meaningful scientific units. The data can then be presented in tabular or printer plot form, or stored for further processing. This user's guide provides detailed instructions for the use of the program.

From page 5: Numerous opportunities exist for scientists and engineers from industrial professional trade and other organizations to collaborate in research at the National Bureau of Standards on projects of mutual interest. To accomplish its objective of supplying the measurement foundation for industry, science, and technology. NBS conducts research in many areas, including advanced ceramics, automated manufacturing, opto-electronics, and biotechnology.

Abstract: This report documents the initial phases of the MIST database, which is a demonstration project jointly supported by the Department of Energy and the National Bureau of Standards. The purpose of the Materials Information for Science and Technology (MIST) is to demonstrate the power and utility of computer access to materials property data. The initial goals include: to exercise the concept of a computer network of materials databases and to build a demonstration of such a system in a way as to be suitable for use as the core of operational systems in the future. Phases I and II are described in detail. In addition, a discussion is given of the expected usage of the databases.

Abstract: This directory presents information on 61 U.S. Government certification programs for products and services. Entries describe the scope and nature of each certification program, testing and inspection practices, standards used, methods of identification and enforcement, reciprocal recognition or acceptance of certification, and other relevant details. This directory is part of an ongoing NBS effort to establish and maintain a comprehensive database on standards, regulations, certification programs and related information. This material has bee. compiled to meet the needs of government, industry, and the public for information on U.S. Government certification programs in accordance with the requirements of the U.S. Trade Agreements Act of 1979.

From abstract: The thermophysical and transport properties of selected fluids have been programmed in FORTRAN 77 which is available for micro computers. The input variables are any two of P, p, T (pressure, density, and temperature) in the single phase regions, and either P or T for the saturated liquid or vapor states. The output is pressure, density, temperature, internal energy, enthalpy, entropy, specific heat capacities (Cp and Cv), speed of sound and, in most cases, viscosity, thermal conductivity and dielectric constant.

Abstract: Tables of important data for use in the analytical chemistry laboratory are provided. These tables contain information for use in gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, infrared and ultraviolet spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry, and wet chemical techniques. Tables relating to safe practice in the analytical laboratory are also included.