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From the Hills of Lebanon: The Syrian-Lebanese in Oklahoma (open access)

From the Hills of Lebanon: The Syrian-Lebanese in Oklahoma

Article describes the immigration of Syrian-Lebanese to Oklahoma, highlighting the community they formed and the traditions and religion they fostered. Tom Caldwell provides historical context about the group, examining their motivations for coming to Oklahoma and their contributions to early Oklahoma and its industries.
Date: Summer 1986
Creator: Caldwell, Tom
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Wagoner, I.T. "Queen City of the Prairies" (open access)

Wagoner, I.T. "Queen City of the Prairies"

Article describes the founding and growth of the City of Wagoner in the wake of its upcoming centennial. Brad Agnew discusses the conflict that occurred as one of the towns in Indian Territory attempted to achieve self-determination in a diverse area, the education system that evolved there, and the crime that threatened Wagoner's railroads.
Date: Winter 1986
Creator: Agnew, Brad
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Oklahoma: Land of the Drifter (open access)

Oklahoma: Land of the Drifter

Article discusses the history of frontier exploration and industry in Oklahoma, examining the foundation of rootlessness in the citizens of Oklahoma, who drifted across the landscape in its territorial period.
Date: Summer 1986
Creator: Gibson, Arrell M.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Carl W. Skogsberg and the Beginning of Colonial Bakery (open access)

Carl W. Skogsberg and the Beginning of Colonial Bakery

Article describes the life and career of Carl W. Skogsberg, founder of the Colonial Baking Company in Oklahoma City, and his business practices that brought growth and success even in the midst of trying times like the Great Depression.
Date: Autumn 1986
Creator: Meredith, Howard L.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Judge John Martin: First Chief Justice of the Cherokees (open access)

Judge John Martin: First Chief Justice of the Cherokees

Article explores the life, family, and political career of John Martin, who would eventually become the first Chief Justice of the Cherokee Supreme Court in Indian Territory. Patricia Lockwood relates the details of his travels as an Indian agent and his impact as a leader of the Cherokees.
Date: Summer 1986
Creator: Lockwood, Patricia W.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
They Fought for Votes: The White Politician and the Black Editor (open access)

They Fought for Votes: The White Politician and the Black Editor

Article explores the struggle for black representation in politics in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries through the conflict between white Republican congressional delegate Bird Segle McGuire and black newspaper editor Stephen Douglass Russell, Sr.
Date: Spring 1986
Creator: Williams, Nudie E.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Tragedy of the Goingsnake District: The Shoot-out at Zeke Proctor's Trial (open access)

Tragedy of the Goingsnake District: The Shoot-out at Zeke Proctor's Trial

Article illustrates the events leading up to the tragedy at Goingsnake courthouse, a shootout between a group of Cherokees and a group of U.S. marshals that originated from a family feud. Kelley Agnew, winner of the National History Day Competition of 1986, provides a vivid portrait of the situation and the two men who led the groups involved, Ezekial Proctor and White Sut Beck.
Date: Autumn 1986
Creator: Agnew, Kelley
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
"Empire of Shaffer" The County that Never Was (open access)

"Empire of Shaffer" The County that Never Was

Article discusses the conflict between Stillwater and Cushing County over the formation of Shaffer County, a tract of land that would include Cushing-Drumright oil field. Dan Adrian Purvis examines census data and election results of the attempt to discover the impact success would have had on the counties of Oklahoma.
Date: Autumn 1986
Creator: Purvis, Dan Adrian
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Their Work Was Never Done: Women Missionaries on the Kiowa-Comanche Reservation (open access)

Their Work Was Never Done: Women Missionaries on the Kiowa-Comanche Reservation

Article describes the lives of women missionaries on the Kiowa-Comanche Reservation, exploring the attitudes and motivations that drove them to the mission schools where they promoted Christianity, education, and assimilation. Rebecca Herring explores personal narratives of specific women and the struggles they faced, as well as the disregard some held for Native American traditions.
Date: Spring 1986
Creator: Herring, Rebecca
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Horse Racing in Early Oklahoma (open access)

Horse Racing in Early Oklahoma

Article describes the establishment of horse racing and horse racing tracks in Oklahoma, as well as the eventual ban on pari-mutuel betting that occurred in 1913. As betting on horse races was legalized again in 1982, Diane B. Haser-Harris commemorates the history of the sport with this article.
Date: Spring 1986
Creator: Haser-Harris, Diane B.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Oklahoma History: In Texas? The Fort Worth Branch of the National Archives (open access)

Oklahoma History: In Texas? The Fort Worth Branch of the National Archives

Article describes the Fort Worth Branch of the National Archives and explains how to navigate the collection, which contains many materials related to Oklahoma history despite being in Texas. Branch Director Kent Carter urges Oklahoma historians and researchers not to overlook this plethora of information despite the institution being out of state.
Date: Spring 1986
Creator: Carter, Kent
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Heavenly Harmony: The WPA Symphony Orchestra 1937-1942 (open access)

Heavenly Harmony: The WPA Symphony Orchestra 1937-1942

Article discusses the history of the Federal Music Project, a relief project instituted by the Works Progress Administration during the Great Depression to provide employment to musicians, and the history of the Oklahoma Federal Symphony Orchestra, discussing the impact of its success on the music scene in Oklahoma and the key figures who contributed.
Date: Summer 1986
Creator: Wilmoth, Carol
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
"Save the Farmer": Oklahoma Congressmen and Farm Relief Legislation, 1924-1928 (open access)

"Save the Farmer": Oklahoma Congressmen and Farm Relief Legislation, 1924-1928

Article describes the conflict in the United States Congress over the passage of farm relief legislation in the 1920s. Two senators and eight members of the House of Representatives were delegates from Oklahoma, and fought for such measures as the McNary-Haugen bill to assist struggling farmers.
Date: Summer 1986
Creator: Grant, Phillip A., Jr.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Political Career of Patrick S. Nagle "Champion of the Underdog" (open access)

The Political Career of Patrick S. Nagle "Champion of the Underdog"

Article describes the life and career of Patrick S. Nagle, a candidate for U.S. Senator who switched party affiliations and transformed from a Democrat to an active Socialist. R. O. Joe Cassity, Jr. explores the impact of Nagle's efforts as well as the ideology that drove Nagle.
Date: Winter 1986
Creator: Cassity, R. O. Joe, Jr.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Plight of the Tonkawas 1875 to 1898 (open access)

Plight of the Tonkawas 1875 to 1898

Article describes the plight of the Tonkawa people, who had assisted the U.S. Army but were ill-treated and shuffled around to numerous locations in search of a home. Thomas F. Schilz describes the process of their movement from Fort Griffin in Texas to Indian Territory, and how government officials handled the situation.
Date: Winter 1986
Creator: Schilz, Thomas F.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Chronicles of Oklahoma, Volume 64, Number 3, Fall 1986 (open access)

Chronicles of Oklahoma, Volume 64, Number 3, Fall 1986

Quarterly publication containing articles, book reviews, photographs, illustrations, and other works documenting Oklahoma history and preservation.
Date: Autumn 1986
Creator: Oklahoma Historical Society
Object Type: Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Chronicles of Oklahoma, Volume 64, Number 2, Summer 1986 (open access)

Chronicles of Oklahoma, Volume 64, Number 2, Summer 1986

Quarterly publication containing articles, book reviews, photographs, illustrations, and other works documenting Oklahoma history and preservation.
Date: Summer 1986
Creator: Oklahoma Historical Society
Object Type: Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Chronicles of Oklahoma, Volume 64, Number 4, Winter 1986/87 (open access)

Chronicles of Oklahoma, Volume 64, Number 4, Winter 1986/87

Quarterly publication containing articles, book reviews, photographs, illustrations, and other works documenting Oklahoma history and preservation. Index to volume 64 starts on page 115.
Date: Winter 1986
Creator: Oklahoma Historical Society
Object Type: Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Twenty-five Days to the Choctaw Nation (open access)

Twenty-five Days to the Choctaw Nation

Article provides historical context for the journal entries of George Dana II, which relay the course of his difficult journey from Ohio to the Choctaw Nation to reunite with his bride-to-be, Lucy Byington.
Date: Winter 1986
Creator: Coleman, Louis
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Chronicles of Oklahoma, Volume 64, Number 1, Spring 1986 (open access)

Chronicles of Oklahoma, Volume 64, Number 1, Spring 1986

Quarterly publication containing articles, book reviews, photographs, illustrations, and other works documenting Oklahoma history and preservation.
Date: Spring 1986
Creator: Oklahoma Historical Society
Object Type: Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Woodward: First Century on the Sand-Sage Prairie 1887-1987 (open access)

Woodward: First Century on the Sand-Sage Prairie 1887-1987

Article provides a centennial tribute to the birth and growth of the town of Woodward, exploring the lives of early citizens through documentation and autobiographical recollections. Louise Boyd James discusses the historic buildings and industries that acted as a foundation for the city's expansion.
Date: Autumn 1986
Creator: James, Louise Boyd
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Edwards Family and Black Entrepreneurial Success (open access)

The Edwards Family and Black Entrepreneurial Success

Article relates the success story of Walter James and Frances Giliam Edwards, black entrepreneurs in Oklahoma in the early 1900s. Paul Lehman discusses how their housing development business and their contribution to the founding of Edwards Memorial Hospital were landmarks in working towards racial equality.
Date: Winter 1986
Creator: Lehman, Paul
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Barbed Wire and Nazilagers: PW Camps in Oklahoma (open access)

Barbed Wire and Nazilagers: PW Camps in Oklahoma

Article describes the history of "alien internment" and Prisoner of War camps in Oklahoma during World War II, beginning with historical context and a glimpse of life in the camps to providing specific details about each camp.
Date: Spring 1986
Creator: Warner, Richard S.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Ray Pence and the "West Point of the Fire Service" (open access)

Ray Pence and the "West Point of the Fire Service"

Article describes the life of Oklahoma firefighter Ray Pence, the man whose effort and ideas led to the creation of the OSU School of Firefighting, now the OSU Department of Fire Protection and Safety Engineering Technology.
Date: Autumn 1986
Creator: Warde, Mary Jane
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History