The Tritium Systems Test Assembly (TSTA) at the Los Alamos National Laboratory has been operating with tritium since June 1984. Presently there are some 50 g of tritium in the main processing loop. This 50 g has been sufficient to do a number of experiments involving the cryogenic distillation isotope separation system and to integrate the fuel cleanup system into the main fuel processing loop. In January 1986 two major experiments were conducted. During these experiments the fuel cleanup system was integrated, through the transfer pumping system, with the isotope separation system, thus permitting testing on the integrated fuel processing loop. This integration of these systems leaves only the main vacuum system to be integrated into the TSTA fuel processing loop. In September 1986 another major tritium experiment was performed in which the integrated loop was operated, the tritium inventory increased to 50 g and additional measurements on the performance of the distillation system were taken. In the period June 1984 through September 1986 the TSTA system has processed well over 10/sup 8/ Ci of tritium. Total tritium emissions to the environment over this period have been less than 15 Ci. Personnel exposures during this period have totaled less than …

The switched-power linac (SPL) concepts are reviewed briefly, and recent work on computer-modelling of the photoemission process at the photocathode and the experimental study of the process are discussed. Work on rf-modelling of the properties of the radial transmission line is outlined. (LEW)

We describe test beam results from a prototype Cerenkov Ring Imaging Detector (CRID) for the SLD experiment at the SLAC Linear Collider (SLC). The system includes both liquid and gas radiators, a long drift box containing gaseous TMAE and a proportional wire chamber with charge division readout. Measurements of the multiplicity and detection resolution of Cerenkov photons, from both radiators are presented. Various design aspects of a new engineering prototype, currently under construction, are discussed and recent R and D results relevant to this effort are reported.

Brookhaven National Laboratory has completed Phase I of the Component Fragility Program and is now performing Phase II. The results of Phase I have been published in NUREG/CR-4659. In both Phases, existing test data for various models are utilized to determine the seismic fragilities of different equipment categories. This represents the first large scale attempt to assemble, compile and interpret the very large heretofore fragmented data base. In Phase I, a methodology has been established to compile the test data for variations of testing methods, vibration inputs, damping values, etc. Test response spectra have been used as a measure of the test vibration inputs. Fragility data have been collected and stored in a computerized data bank at BNL for many electrical and control equipment pieces. The data for Motor Control Centers (MCC) and Switchgears have been analyzed in Phase I for determination of the respective fragility levels. Additional test data are being collected in Phase II for these two equipment pieces, as well as other equipment categories. Statistical analyses are also being performed to estimate a single fragility descriptor for each equipment family.

At the two previous heavy ion fusion symposia, researchers from Livermore presented their best estimates of target energy gain. The results presented at Tokyo differed significantly from those presented at Darmstadt. The Livermore estimates were again revised for this symposium. The new estimates are given in an accompanying paper by Lindl et al. and in additional detail in this paper. The new estimates are similar to the results presented at Darmstadt. The implications of the new results are discussed.

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An experimental study of L = 0, 1, and 2 isovector resonances in pion charge-exchange reactions is reported. In these experiments well-understood, spherical, even-even nuclei were studied at 120, 165, and 230 MeV. The emphasis of the 165 MeV study was on L = 0, 1, and 2 isovector resonances as a function of the atomic mass of the target. The targets were Ca-40, Ni-60, Zr-90, Sn-120, Ce-140, and Pb-208. The 120 and 230 MeV studies were aimed at measuring the properties of the isovector resonances as function of bombarding energy for a few targets, Ca-40, Ni-60, and Sn-120. Double differential cross sections up to excitation energies of 60 MeV were measured out to angles extending well past the second maximum of the isovector quadrupole resonance angular distribution. Results of the experiments were found to be in good agreement with RPA-DWIA and other theoretical calculations as regards isovector dipole and monopole energies, widths and cross sections, and strong interaction radii. However, some problem in the distorted wave Born approximation treatment of the reaction mechanism or in the structure of the isobaric-analog state was indicated from measurements of the energy dependence of the maximum cross sections for the dipole and monopole …

Several NMOS custom VLSI ( Microplex'') circuits have been irradiated with a 500 rad/hr {sup 60}Co source. With power off three of four chips tested have survived doses exceeding 1 Mrad. With power on at a 25% duty cycle, all chips tested failed at doses ranging from 10 to 130 krad. Annealing at 200{degree}C was only partially successful in restoring the chips to useful operating conditions. 10 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.

Immunoassay is a very specific, sensitive, and widely applicable analytical technique. Recent advances in genetic engineering have led to the development of monoclonal antibodies which further improves the specificity of immunoassays. Originally, radioisotopes were used to label the antigens and antibodies used in immunoassays. However, in the last decade, numerous types of immunoassays have been developed which utilize enzymes and fluorescent dyes as labels. Given the technical, safety, health, and disposal problems associated with using radioisotopes, immunoassays that utilize the enzyme and fluorescent labels are rapidly replacing those using radioisotope labels. These newer techniques are as sensitive, are easily automated, have stable reagents, and do not have a disposal problem. 6 refs., 1 fig., 2 tabs.

Two x- and gamma-ray systems were recently installed at-line in gloveboxes and will measure Pu solution concentrations from 5 to 105 g/L. These NDA technique, developed and refined over the past decade, are now used domestically and internationally for nuclear material process monitoring and accountability needs. In off- and at-line installations, they can measure solution concentrations to 0.2%. The K-XRFA systems use a transmission source to correct for solution density. The gamma-ray systems use peaks from 59- to 208-keV to determine solution concentrations and relative isotopics. A Pu check source monitors system stability. These two NDA techniques can be combined to form a new, NDA measurement methodology. With the instrument located outside of a glovebox, both relative Pu isotopics and absolute Pu abundances of a sample located inside a glovebox can be measured. The new technique works with either single or dual source excitation; the former for a detector 6 to 20 cm away with no geometric corrections needed; the latter requires geometric corrections or source movement if the sample cannot be measured at the calibration distance. 4 refs., 7 figs., 2 tabs.

Issues involved in building a realistic central tracking system for a general-purpose 4..pi.. detector for the SSC are addressed. Such a central tracking system must be capable of running at the full design luminosity of 10/sup 33/ cm/sup -2/s/sup -1/. Momentum measurement was required in a general-purpose 4..pi.. detector. Limitations on charged particle tracking detectors at the SSC imposed by rates and radiation damage are reviewed. Cell occupancy is the dominant constraint, which led us to the conclusion that only small cells, either wires or straw tubes, are suitable for a central tracking system at the SSC. Mechanical problems involved in building a central tracking system of either wires or straw tubes were studied, and our conclusion was that it is possible to build such a large central tracking system. Of course, a great deal of research and development is required. We also considered central tracking systems made of scintillating fibers or silicon microstrips, but our conclusion was that neither is a realistic candidate given the current state of technology. We began to work on computer simulation of a realistic central tracking system. Events from interesting physics processes at the SSC will be complex and will be further complicated by …

The US study of high-energy multigap accelerators to produce large currents of heavy ions for inertial fusion is centered on the single-pass induction linac method. The large technology base associated with multigap accelerators for high-energy physics gives confidence that high efficiency, high repetition rate, and good availability can be achieved, and that the path from scientific demonstration to commercial realization can be a smooth one. In an induction linac driver, multiple (parallel) ion beams are accelerated through a sequence of pulsed transformers. Crucial to the design is the manipulation of electric fields to amplify the beam current during acceleration. A proof-of-principle induction linac experiment (MBE-4) is underway and has begun the first demonstration of current amplification, control of the bunch ends, and the acceleration of multiple beams. A recently completed experiment, called the Single Beam Transport Experiment has shown that we can now count on more freedom to design an alternating-gradient quadrupole focusing channel to transport much higher ion-beam currents than formerly believed possible. A recent Heavy Ion Fusion System Assessment (HIFSA) has shown that a substantial cost saving results from use of multiply-charged ions, and that a remarkably broad range of options exist for viable power-plant designs. The driver …

A program is being conducted to investigate the significance of in-service embrittlement of cast duplex stainless steels under light-water reactor operating conditions. Microstructures of cast materials subjected to long-term aging either in reactor service or in the laboratory have been characterized by TEM, SANS, and APFIM techniques. Two precipitate phases, i.e., the Cr-rich ..cap alpha..' and Ni- and Si-rich G phase, have been identified in the ferrite matrix of the aged steels. The results indicate that the low-temperature embrittlement is primarily caused by ..cap alpha..' precipitates which form by spinodal decomposition. The relative contribution of G phase to loss of toughness is now known. Microstructural data also indicate that weakening of ferrite/austenite phase boundary by carbide precipitates has a significant effect on the onset and extent of embrittlement of the high-carbon CF-8 and CF-8M grades of stainless steels, particularly after aging at 400 or 450/sup 0/C. Data from Charpy-impact, tensile, and J-R curve tests for several heats of cast stainless steel aged up to 10,000 h at 350, 400, and 450/sup 0/C are presented and correlated with the microstructural results. Thermal aging of the steels results in an increase in tensile strength and a decrease in impact energy, J/sub IC/, …

The principles of resonance averaging as applied to neutron capture reactions are described. Several illustrations of resonance averaging to problems of nuclear structure and the distribution of radiative strength in nuclei are provided. 30 refs., 12 figs.

In the SLAC Linear Collider Detector (SLD), as in most high-energy particle detectors, the electromagnetic noise environment is the limiting factor in electronic readout performance. Front-end electronics are particulary susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI), and great care has been taken to minimize its effects. The transfer of preprocessed analog signals from the detector environs, to the remote digital processing electronics, by conventional means (via metal conductors), may ultimately limit the performance of the system. Because it is highly impervious to EMI and ground loops, a fiber-optic medium has been chosen for the transmission of these signals. This paper describes several fiber-optic transmission schemes which satisfy the requirements of the SLD analog data transmission.

The features and operation of the LBL 88-inch Cyclotron are described, including its ECR source, injection system, and the cyclotron center region. The beams that have been accelerated at the cyclotron are discussed. (LEW)

Synchrotrons and cyclotrons have an overlap in their particle and energy ranges. In proton radiotherapy, synchrotrons are proposed at 250 MeV, an energy usually served by cyclotrons. Heavy ion therapy has been synchrotron territory, but cyclotrons may be competitive. In nuclear science, heavy ion synchrotrons can be used in the cyclotron energy range of 10-200 MeV/u. Storage rings are planned to increase the flexibility of several cyclotrons. For atomic physics research, several storage rings are under construction for the energy range of 10 MeV/u and below.

The injection system for the LBL 88-Inch Cyclotron ECR source has been in operation since October 1984. It consists of 7 meters of horizontal beam line following the ECR source analyzing magnet, and 4 meters of vertical beam line down the axis of the cyclotron. Beams throughout the cyclotron energy range of 1 to 32 MeV/u, and particles from protons to xenon have been injected and accelerated in the cyclotron on 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th harmonic modes. A non-scaling mode of operation is used in which a source voltage of about 10 kV is used for all beams. The overall transmission from source analyzing magnet to cyclotron external beam is typically 10%. The reliability and stability of the system has been excellent.

A dielectric function E(..omega..,l) appropriate to a small metallic sphere is obtained within the semiclassical infinite barrier model, where l is the multipole order. An excitation diagram in the l,..omega.. plane based on the structure of this function is proposed. It represents the spherical analog of the excitation structure of an infinite medium in the k,..omega.. plane. 8 refs., 1 fig.

The in-pile tests TRIO and LISA-1 involve measurement of in-situ tritium release as a function of time, temperature and sweep gas conditions. These in-situ tritium recovery experiments are similar in concept to other in-pile tests such as the VOM series, Exotic, and the LILA series. TRIO used a single capsule with lithium aluminate. The results from TRIO have been compiled, evaluated and reported. The LISA-1 experiment had six test capsules: one lithium aluminate, one lithium orthosilicate (Li/sub 4/SiO/sub 4/), and four lithium metasilicate (Li/sub 2/SiO/sub 3/). A previous report gives a description of the experimental setup, experimental observations, and preliminary results. Presented herein is a more detailed evaluation of the LISA-1 experimental results for the three breeder materials. The results from LISA are then compared to those of TRIO.

The concept and goals of ICF will be briefly reviewed and the new 100 kJ class Nova laser facility will be described. Experimental results obtained to date with Nova will be summarized, and the discussions of diagnostics will use examples on the present capabilities of Nova and new developments that are underway. The classes of diagnostic systems to be discussed fall into three basic categories: optical, x-ray, and particle. Examples of highly space resolved, time resolved, and spectrally resolved techniques as well as schemes involving combinations of these capabilities will be presented. A brief summary of the sophisticated acquisition and analysis system in use for Nova data will be provided.

The role of neutrinos in Type II supernovae is discussed. An overall view of the neutrino luminosity as expected theoretically is presented. The different weak interactions involved are assessed from the standpoint of how they exchange energy, momentum, and lepton number. Particular attention is paid to entropy generation and the path to thermal and chemical equilibration, and to the phenomenon of trapping. Various methods used to calculate the neutrino flows are considered. These include trapping and leakage schemes, distribution-averaged transfer, and multi-energy group methods. The information obtained from the neutrinos caught from Supernova 1987a is briefly evaluated. 55 refs., 7 figs.

The fermion mass hierarchy problem is presented in the context of supersymmetric vector-like theories as well as within effective gauge theories with Yukawa interactions between Higgs-like scalars and chiral fermions. We present the results for the latter theories from the point of view of Higgs mechanism as well as from that of dynamical symmetry breaking through formation of two-body condensates. 19 refs.

Four of the initial six 17m long demonstration dipole magnets for the proposed Superconducting Super Collider have been constructed, and the first one is now being tested. This paper describes the magnet design and construction of the cold mass assembly. The magnets are cold iron (and cold bore) 1-in-1 dipoles, wound with partially keystoned current density-graded high homogeneity NbTi cable in a two-layer cos theta coil of 40 mm inner diameter. The magnetic length is 16.6 m. The coil is prestressed by 15 mm wide stainless steel collars, and mounted in a circular, split iron yoke of 267 mm outer diameter, supported by a cylindrical yoke (and helium) containment vessel of stainless steel. The magnet bore tube assembly incorporates superconducting sextupole trim coils produced by an industrial, automatic process akin to printed circuit fabrication.