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Nuclear facility decommissioning and site remedial actions. Volume 6. A selected bibliography
This bibliography of 683 references with abstracts on the subject of nuclear facility decommissioning, uranium mill tailings management, and site remedial actions is the sixth in a series of annual reports prepared for the US Department of Energy's Remedial Action Programs. Foreign as well as domestic literature of all types - technical reports, progress reports, journal articles, conference papers, symposium proceedings, theses, books, patents, legislation, and research project descriptions - has been included. The bibliography contains scientific (basic research as well as applied technology), economic, regulatory, and legal literature pertinent to the US Department of Energy's remedial action program. Major chapters are: (1) Surplus Facilities Management Program; (2) Nuclear Facilities Decommissioning; (3) Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program; (4) Facilities Contaminated with Natural Radioactivity; (5) Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Program; (6) Grand Junction Remedial Action Program; (7) Uranium Mill Tailings Management; (8) Technical Measurements Center; and (9) General Remedial Action Program Studies. Chapter sections for chapters 1, 2, 5, and 7 include Design, Planning, and Regulations; Environmental Studies and Site Surveys; Health, Safety, and Biomedical Studies; Decontamination Studies; Dismantlement and Demolition; Site Stabilization and Reclamation; Waste Disposal; Remedial Action Experience; and General Studies. The references within each chapter or …
Date:
September 1, 1985
Creator:
Owen, P. T.; Michelson, D. C. & Knox, N. P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Review of tribological sinks in six major industries
Friction and material wear occur throughout all industries and are involved in many processes within each industry. These conditions make assessing tribological activity overall in industry very complex and expensive. Therefore, a research strategy to obtain preliminary information on only the most significant industrial tribological sinks was defined. The industries examined were selected according to both the magnitude of overall energy consumption (particularly machine drive) and the known presence of significant tribological sinks. The six industries chosen are as follows: mining, agriculture, primary metals, chemicals/refining, food, and pulp and paper. They were reviewed to identify and characterize the major tribology sinks. It was concluded that wear losses are greater than friction losses, and that reducing wear rates would improve industrial productivity.
Date:
September 1, 1985
Creator:
Imhoff, C. H.; Brown, D. R.; Hane, G. J.; Hutchinson, R. A.; Erickson, R.; Merriman, T. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Impulsive ion acceleration in earth's outer magnetosphere
Considerable observational evidence is found that ions are accelerated to high energies in the outer magnetosphere during geomagnetic disturbances. The acceleration often appears to be quite impulsive causing temporally brief (10's of seconds), very intense bursts of ions in the distant plasma sheet as well as in the near-tail region. These ion bursts extend in energy from 10's of keV to over 1 MeV and are closely associated with substorm expansive phase onsets. Although the very energetic ions are not of dominant importance for magnetotail plasma dynamics, they serve as an important tracer population. Their absolute intensity and brief temporal appearance bespeaks a strong and rapid acceleration process in the near-tail, very probably involving large induced electric fields substantially greater than those associated with cross-tail potential drops. Subsequent to their impulsive acceleration, these ions are injected into the outer trapping regions forming ion ''drift echo'' events, as well as streaming tailward away from their acceleration site in the near-earth plasma sheet. Most auroral ion acceleration processes occur (or are greatly enhanced) during the time that these global magnetospheric events are occurring in the magnetotail. A qualitative model relating energetic ion populations to near-tail magnetic reconnection at substorm onset followed by …
Date:
January 1, 1985
Creator:
Baker, D.N. & Belian, R.D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Physical simulations of cavity closure in a creeping material
The finite element method has been used extensively to predict the creep closure of underground petroleum storage cavities in rock salt. Even though the numerical modeling requires many simplifying assumptions, the predictions have generally correlated with field data from instrumented wellheads, however, the field data are rather limited. To gain an insight into the behavior of three-dimensional arrays of cavities and to obtain a larger data base for the verification of analytical simulations of creep closure, a series of six centrifuge simulation experiments were performed using a cylindrical block of modeling clay, a creeping material. Three of the simulations were conducted with single, centerline cavities, and three were conducted with a symmetric array of three cavities surrounding a central cavity. The models were subjected to body force loading using a centrifuge. For the single cavity experiments, the models were tested at accelerations of 100, 125 and 150 g's for 2 hours. For the multi-cavity experiments, the simulations were conducted at 100 g's for 3.25 hours. The results are analyzed using dimensional analyses. The analyses illustrate that the centrifuge simulations yield self-consistent simulations of the creep closure of fluid-filled cavities and that the interaction of three-dimensional cavity layouts can be investigated …
Date:
September 1, 1985
Creator:
Sutherland, H.J. & Preece, D.S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Search for the neutrinoless muon decay. mu. /sup +/. -->. e/sup +/. gamma
Separate muon, electron, and tau numbers are conserved in the minimal standard model of electroweak interactions with massless neutrinos. However, in many extensions to the standard model, separate lepton numbers are not expected to be conserved quantities. A new search for muon number non-conserving processes has been undertaken at the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility (LAMPF), specifically to look for three neutrinoless decay modes of the muon. The search for the decay of a muon to an electron and a photon is discussed here. A new detector facility, located in the LAMPF stopped muon channel, was developed for this experiment. This Crystal Box detector consists of a cylindrical drift chamber surrounded by a plastic scintillator hodoscope and a large solid angle, modularized, NaI(Tl) calorimeter. The apparatus measures the trajectories, relative timing, and energies of charged particles and photons from the decays of positive muons stopped in a central target. The assembly and calibration of the detector are described, and the procedure for taking data is discussed. The sample of 1.3 million candidate events, from the first data run of the Crystal Box, was analyzed using a maximum-likelihood method. The upper limit on the branching ratio, relative to normal muon decay, …
Date:
July 1, 1985
Creator:
Wilson, S.L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Decontamination of Savannah River Plant H-Area hot-canyon crane
Decontamination techniques applicable to the remotely operated bridge cranes in canyon buildings at the Savannah River Plant (SRP) were identified and were evaluated in laboratory-scale tests. High pressure Freon blasting was found to be the most attractive process available for this application. Strippable coatings were selected as an alternative technique in selected applications. The ability of high pressure Freon blasting plus two strippable coatings (Quadcoat 100 and Alara 1146) to remove the type of contamination expected on SRP cranes was demonstrated in laboratory-scale tests. Quadrex HPS was given a contract to decontaminate the H-Area hot canyon crane. Decontamination operations were successfully carried out within the specified time-frame window. The radiation level goals specified by SRP were met and decontamination was accomplished with 85% less personnel exposure than estimated by SRP before the job started. This reduction is attributed to the increased efficiency of the new decontamination techniques used. 6 refs., 1 tab.
Date:
January 1, 1985
Creator:
Rankin, W N & Sims, J R
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Relation between finite element methods and nodal methods in transport theory
This paper examines the relationship between nodal methods and finite-element methods for solving the discrete-ordinates form of the transport equation in x-y geometry. Specifically, we will examine the relation of three finite-element schemes to the linear-linear (LL) and linear-nodal (LN) nodal schemes. The three finite-element schemes are the linear-continuous-diamond-difference (DD) scheme, the linear-discontinuous (LD) scheme, and the quadratic-discontinuous (QD) scheme. A brief derivation of the (LL) and (LN) nodal schemes is given in the third section of this paper. The approximations that cause the LL scheme to reduce to the DD, LD, and QD schemes are then indicated. An extremely simple method of deriving the finite-element schemes is then introduced.
Date:
January 1, 1985
Creator:
Walters, W. F.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fueling of tandem mirror reactors
This paper summarizes the fueling requirements for experimental and demonstration tandem mirror reactors (TMRs), reviews the status of conventional pellet injectors, and identifies some candidate accelerators that may be needed for fueling tandem mirror reactors. Characteristics and limitations of three types of accelerators are described; neutral beam injectors, electromagnetic rail guns, and laser beam drivers. Based on these characteristics and limitations, a computer module was developed for the Tandem Mirror Reactor Systems Code (TMRSC) to select the pellet injector/accelerator combination which most nearly satisfies the fueling requirements for a given machine design.
Date:
January 1, 1985
Creator:
Gorker, G. E. & Logan, B. G.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Potential energy for quarks
It is argued on theoretical and phenomenological grounds that confinement of quarks is intrinsically a many-body interaction. The Born-Oppenheimer approximation to the bag model is shown to give rise to a static potential energy that consists of a sum of two-body Coulomb terms and a many-body confining term. Following the success of this potential in heavy Q anti Q systems it is being applied to Q/sup 2/ anti Q/sup 2/. Preliminary calculations suggest that dimeson bound states with exotic flavor, such as bb anti s anti s, exist. 13 refs., 5 figs.
Date:
January 1, 1985
Creator:
Heller, L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Potential for efficient frequency conversion at high average power using solid state nonlinear optical materials
High-average-power frequency conversion using solid state nonlinear materials is discussed. Recent laboratory experience and new developments in design concepts show that current technology, a few tens of watts, may be extended by several orders of magnitude. For example, using KD*P, efficient doubling (>70%) of Nd:YAG at average powers approaching 100 KW is possible; and for doubling to the blue or ultraviolet regions, the average power may approach 1 MW. Configurations using segmented apertures permit essentially unlimited scaling of average power. High average power is achieved by configuring the nonlinear material as a set of thin plates with a large ratio of surface area to volume and by cooling the exposed surfaces with a flowing gas. The design and material fabrication of such a harmonic generator are well within current technology.
Date:
October 28, 1985
Creator:
Eimerl, D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Source-jerk analysis using a semi-explicit inverse kinetic technique
A method is proposed for measuring the effective reproduction factor, k, in subcritical systems. The method uses the transient response of a subcritical system to the sudden removal of an extraneous neutron source (i.e., a source jerk). The response is analyzed using an inverse kinetic technique that least-squares fits the exact analytical solution corresponding to a source-jerk transient as derived from the point-reactor model. It has been found that the technique can provide an accurate means of measuring k in systems that are close to critical (i.e., 0.95 < k < 1.0). As a system becomes more subcritical (i.e., k << 1.0) spatial effects can introduce significant biases depending on the source and detector positions. However, methods are available that can correct for these biases and, hence, can allow measuring subcriticality in systems with k as low as 0.5. 12 refs., 3 figs.
Date:
January 1, 1985
Creator:
Spriggs, G.D. & Pederson, R.A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Computer simulation of coal preparation plants. Part 2. User's manual. Final report
This report describes a comprehensive computer program that allows the user to simulate the performance of realistic coal preparation plants. The program is very flexible in the sense that it can accommodate any particular plant configuration that may be of interest. This allows the user to compare the performance of different plant configurations and to determine the impact of various modes of operation with the same configuration. In addition, the program can be used to assess the degree of cleaning obtained with different coal feeds for a given plant configuration and a given mode of operation. Use of the simulator requires that the user specify the appearance of the plant configuration, the plant operating conditions, and a description of the coal feed. The simulator will then determine the flowrates within the plant, and a description of each flowrate (i.e., the weight distribution, percent ash, pyritic sulfur and total sulfur, moisture, and Btu content). The simulation program has been written in modular form using the Fortran language. It can be implemented on a great many different types of computers, ranging from large scientific mainframes to IBM-type personal computers with a fixed disk. Some customization may be required, however, to ensure compatibility …
Date:
December 1, 1985
Creator:
Gottfried, B. S. & Tierney, J. W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Magma energy and geothermal permeability enhancement programs
Accomplishments during FY85 and project plans for FY86 are described for the Magma Energy Extraction and Permeability Enhancement programs. (ACR)
Date:
January 1, 1985
Creator:
Dunn, J.C.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Acceleration of beam ions during major radius compression in TFTR
Tangentially co-injected deuterium beam ions were accelerated from 82 keV up to 150 keV during a major radius compression experiment in TFTR. The ion energy spectra and the variation in fusion yield were in good agreement with Fokker-Planck code simulations. In addition, the plasma rotation velocity was observed to rise during compression.
Date:
September 1, 1985
Creator:
Wong, K. L.; Bitter, M.; Hammett, G. W.; Heidbrink, W.; Hendel, H.; Kaita, R. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Classification of disruptions in PBX
Disruptions in beam-heated plasmas on PBX were studied by classifying precursor oscillations detected by a soft x-ray imaging system and Mirnov coils. A data base consisting of 80 discharges was constructed. In low I/sub p/ operation, attainable ..beta../sub T/ values are limited by disruptions preceded by m = 1 activity at the center and coupled an m/n = even/1 mode. In high I/sub p/ and high ..beta../sub T/ operation with high indentation, the sawtooth activity disappears. At these disruptions the plasma loses vertical position or distorts on a relatively fast time scale (<100 microseconds).
Date:
September 1, 1985
Creator:
Itami, K.; Jahns, G.; Yamada, H. & McGuire, K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Electron-beam envelopes and matching for a combined wiggler and alternating-gradient quadrupole channel
This work studies the electron-beam envelopes and matching for a combined wiggler and alternating-gradient quadrupole field for a free-electron laser (FEL) that will be operated in the VUV or XUV wavelength region. The quadrupole field is assumed to vary continuously along the symmetry axis. The linearized equations of electron motion are solved analytically by using the two-scale perturbation method for a plane polarized wiggler. The electron-beam envelopes and the envelope equations, as well as the matching conditions in phase space, are obtained from the electron trajectories. A comparison with the numerical solution is presented.
Date:
January 1, 1985
Creator:
Wang, T. F. & Cooper, R. K.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Emission in the 50-80 A region from highly ionized silver in PLT tokamak plasmas
The spectrum of silver emitted by Princeton Large Torus (PLT) tokamak plasmas has been recorded in the 25 to 150 A region by a multichannel time-resolving grazing-incidence spectrometer. Silver atoms have been introduced in the tokamak plasma using the laser blow-off technique. For the first time, lines emitted within the 3p-3d transitions of Ag XXIX, Ag XXX, and Ag XXXI ions, between 50 and 80 A, have been identified.
Date:
September 1, 1985
Creator:
Schwob, J.L.; Wouters, A.; Suckewer, S.; Cohen, S.A. & Finkenthal, M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Radiation dosimetry through spectral definition
We have developed a fieldable instrumentation system for determining from measured flux spectra, both the neutron and gamma ray dose rate distributions associated with radioactive sources. This system includes the sensors, the computer-based data acquisition and analysis hardware, and the requisite software for unfolding the sensor response functions to obtain the flux spectra, and for folding the resultant flux spectra with appropriate flux spectrum-to-dose conversion factors. We use bismuth germanate scintillators that have experimentally measured and analytically interpolated response functions to determine the gamma ray flux spectra, and a suite of neutron sensors, based on proton recoil and /sup 3/He capture, to determine the neutron flux spectra. In addition, gamma ray peak identification is done using HPGe sensors. We describe the equipment and procedures and present some recent results. 10 refs., 15 figs.
Date:
January 1, 1985
Creator:
Dowdy, E. J.; Moss, C. E.; Robba, A. A.; Evans, A. E.; Lucas, M. C.; Shunk, E. R. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Neutron scattering from solutions: the hydration of lanthanide and actinide ions
The neutron scattering difference method is described and applied to investigations of the aqua rare-earth ions, Nd/sup 3 +/ and Dy/sup 3 +/. Metal-water distances and hydration numbers have been unambiguously determined for these ions' inner coordination spheres. The values of the hydration number, n, of 8.5 +- 0.2 for Nd/sup 3 +/ and 7.4 +- 0.5 for Dy/sup 3 +/, directly support the claim of Spedding et al. that n decreases by one unit across the lanthanide series. The possible application of this method to actinide ions in solution is also discussed. 7 refs., 4 figs.
Date:
January 1, 1985
Creator:
Hahn, R.L.; Narten, A.H. & Annis, B.K.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Status of the translawrencium elements (Z > 103)
As a result of conflicting claims to the discovery of the trans-lawrencium elements (Z > 103), IUPAC's Inorganic Chemistry Nomenclature Commission, (II.2), has been incapable of coming to a decision on rightful discoverer for these elements. In addition, the Atomic Weights Commission, (II.1), has from time to time been interested in the status of the search for the superheavy elements, i.e., those elements which might be found in the vicinity of the 'island of stability'. Theoretical studies have indicated that the next major shell closures beyond Z = 82 and N = 126 would occur at Z = 114 and N = 184. In recent years, many scientists have devoted their time and effort in an attempt to detect these superheavy elements. This paper will review the literature on both of these developments and provide an up-to-date status report for the use of the Commission. However, this paper will not address the pros and cons of the controversial systematic naming scheme proposed by the Nomenclature Commission, (II.2) and approved by IUPAC. 56 refs.
Date:
January 1, 1985
Creator:
Holden, Norman E.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
SOLERAS - Solar Controlled Environment Agriculture Project. Final report, Volume 7. Science Applications, Incorporated field test facility preliminary design
This report contains the preliminary design of an SCEAS Engineering Test Facility (ETF). The ETF is a 3600 m/sup 2/ fluid roof greenhouse with an inflated plastic film roof to maintain a clean environment for the fluid roof and to protect the inner glazing from hail and other small missiles. The objective of the design was the faithful scaling of the commercial facility to ensure that the ETF results could be extrapolated to a commercial facility of any size. Therefore, all major features, including the photovoltaic power system, an integral water desalination system and even the basic structural module have been retained. The design is described in substantial detail in the body of this report, with appendices giving the drawings and specifications.
Date:
January 1, 1985
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Neoclassical transport in stellarators
The stellarator neoclassical transport due to particles trapped in local helical wells is calculated in the low-collisionality regime using a systematic expansion. The behavior of electron transport is found to be the same over a wide range of energies, but the behavior of ion transport for low energy ions is found to be different than that for high energy ions. Furthermore, the electron fluxes do not vary with the change in the radial ambipolar electric field nearly as much as do the ion fluxes. Thus, the particle diffusion is controlled by the electrons. A nonradial ambipolar electric field is induced by ion drift. This electric field enhances the transport by about 15 to 20%. A convenient graphical method that allows one to determine the magnitude of the radial ambipolar field for machines with different parameters is presented. Numerical examples show that electron energy confinement time is comparable to the ion energy confinement time for all the different size stellarators studied. Although the neoclassical losses are large, it is shown that ignition can be achieved in a reasonably sized stellarator reactor. Finally, from the standpoint of reactor economics, the confinement scaling law shows that in order to increase n tau, it …
Date:
September 1, 1985
Creator:
Ho, D.D.M. & Kulsrud, R.M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Radiative corrections in SU/sub 2/ x U/sub 1/ LEP/SLC
We show the sensitivity of various experimental measurements to one-loop radiative corrections in SU/sub 2/ x U/sub 1/. Models considered are the standard GSW model as well as extensions of it which include extra quarks and leptons, SUSY and certain technicolor models. The observation of longitudinal polarization is a great help in seeing these effects in asymmetries in e/sup +/e/sup -/ ..-->.. ..mu../sup +/..mu../sup -/, tau/sup +/tau/sup -/ on Z/sup 0/ resonance. 25 refs., 22 figs., 10 tabs.
Date:
June 1, 1985
Creator:
Lynn, B. W.; Peskin, M. E. & Stuart, R. G.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cross Sections for X-Ray Photoelectron-Induced Desorption of Hydrogen Ions From Metal Surfaces
We have measured the cross sections for x-ray photoelectron-induced desorption of hydrogen ions from beryllium, carbon, aluminum, tantalum, and gold surfaces. This report describes the results of the cross-section measurements, and discusses a time-of-flight technique that allows the determination of ionic-desorption cross sections as small as 10/sup -25/ cm/sup 2/ per photoelectron. 19 refs., 7 figs.
Date:
September 20, 1985
Creator:
Kinney, J. H.; Siekhaus, W. J. & Anderson, R. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library