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Chemistry and catalysis of coal liquefaction: catalytic and thermal upgrading of coal liquid and hydrogenation of Co to produce fuels. Quarterly progress report, October-December 1983
Results from 5 ongoing research tasks are reported. (LTN)
Date:
January 1, 1984
Creator:
Wiser, W.H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Helium/solid powder O-ring leakage correlation experiments using a radiotracer
UO/sub 2/ definitely leaked past the O-ring in three of the tests confirming the major results of the previous work. Continuous leakage at these levels may require additional precautions under present regulatory policies. The mechanism and the time and particle size dependence for the leakage are not known, but there is some indication leakage is more likely at low temperatures. It is possible leakage is due to movement of the O-ring during temperature or pressure cycling at the beginning or end of a test. The radiotracer method involves less labor and is much less susceptible to contamination than the previous method. Future work will investigate leakage past lubricated O-rings and time dependence of leakage. 1 reference, 1 table.
Date:
January 1, 1984
Creator:
Bild, R. W.; Leisher, W. B.; Weissman, S. H. & Seya, M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Effects of H/sub 2/S on molten carbonate fuel cells
This report summarizes the results of a literature survey conducted by the Institute of Gas Technology (IGT) under Phase I of a multi-phase program to investigate and identify the mechanism(s) responsible for molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) performance losses when operating on sulfur-containing gases. The objective of this literature survey was twofold: (1) to review the reported data on the interaction of H/sub 2/S with nickel-containing materials; and (2) to review reported investigations on the specific effects of H/sub 2/S on the electrochemical oxidation of H/sub 2/ in MCFC. The ultimate goal of this literature review is to determine the poisoning mechanism. 21 references.
Date:
April 1, 1984
Creator:
Remick, R. J. & Anderson, G. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Experimental system and component performance analysis
A prototype dye laser flow loop was constructed to flow test large power amplifiers in Building 169. The flow loop is designed to operate at supply pressures up to 900 psig and flow rates up to 250 GPM. During the initial startup of the flow loop experimental measurements were made to evaluate component and system performance. Three candidate dye flow loop pumps and three different pulsation dampeners were tested.
Date:
October 1, 1984
Creator:
Peterman, K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Vacuum ring exit chamber temperatures due to wiggler beam heating
A study was made to determine the effects of a shift in the electron orbital plane and resulting displacement of the wiggler photon beam striking the inner surface of the existing vacuum chamber outer wall. The wiggler beam/vacuum chamber geometry is shown. 7 figures.
Date:
January 1, 1984
Creator:
Sharma, S. & Ulc, S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Columbia River White Sturgeon (Acipenser Transmontanus) Enhancement, May 1-December 31, 1983 Final Report.
Studies were undertaken to examine and define the early life history characteristics of Columbia River white sturgeon as a working base from which enhancement measures could be developed. Adult sturgeon were captured and held for spawning at Covert's Landing, the site of the hatchery facilities below Bonneville Dam. Pituitary hormones stimulated ovulation; ripe females were live spawned surgically and the eggs incubated in hatching jars. Larvae were either reared at the hatchery site after incubation to advanced fingerling stages or transferred to the University laboratory for more detailed study. Displacement downstream occurs as a means of distribution and can last several days before a strong substrate preference is manifested. Once bottom contact is sought by the larvae, displacement is abated, and a general preference for sandy surface appears to predominate. Since potentially extensive displacement downstream could result in the distribution of larvae in saltwater, the tolerance of young sturgeon to saltwater was examined. The responsiveness of young sturgeon to artificial feed was positive. With these results, the original concern for identifying an adequate diet and food source that would be readily accepted by fry was greatly attenuated. The readiness of young fry to initiate feeding on the artificial diet made …
Date:
December 1, 1984
Creator:
Brannon, E. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Economics of a conceptual 75 MW Hot Dry Rock geothermal electric power station
Man-made, Hot Dry Rock (HDR) geothermal energy reservoirs have been investigated for over ten years. As early as 1977 a research-sized reservoir was created at a depth of 2.9 km near the Valles Caldera, a dormant volcanic complex in New Mexico, by connecting two wells with hydraulic fractures. Thermal power was generated at rates of up to 5 MW(t) and the reservoir was operated for nearly a year with a thermal drawdown less than 10/sup 0/C. A small 60kW(e) electrical generation unit using a binary cycle (hot geothermal water and a low boiling point organic fluid, R-114) was operated. Interest is now worldwide with field research being conducted at sites near Le Mayet de Montagne, France; Falkenberg and Urach, Federal Republic of Germany; Yakedake, Japan; and Rosemanowes quarry in Cornwall, United Kingdom. To assess the commercial viability of future HDR electrical generating stations, an economic modeling study was conducted for a conceptual 75 MW(e) generating station operating at conditions similar to those prevailing at the New Mexico HDR site. The reservoir required for 75 MW(e), equivalent to 550 MW of thermal energy, uses at least 9 wells drilled to 4.3 km and the temperature of the water produced should average …
Date:
January 1, 1984
Creator:
Murphy, H. D.; Drake, R. H.; Tester, J. W. & Zyvoloski, G. A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Application of pathways analyses for site performance prediction for the Gas Centrifuge Enrichment Plant and Oak Ridge Central Waste Disposal Facility
The suitability of the Gas Centrifuge Enrichment Plant and the Oak Ridge Central Waste Disposal Facility for shallow-land burial of low-level radioactive waste is evaluated using pathways analyses. The analyses rely on conservative scenarios to describe the generation and migration of contamination and the potential human exposure to the waste. Conceptual and numerical models are developed using data from comprehensive laboratory and field investigations and are used to simulate the long-term transport of contamination to man. Conservatism is built into the analyses when assumptions concerning future events have to be made or when uncertainties concerning site or waste characteristics exist. Maximum potential doses to man are calculated and compared to the appropriate standards. The sites are found to provide adequate buffer to persons outside the DOE reservations. Conclusions concerning site capacity and site acceptability are drawn. In reaching these conclusions, some consideration is given to the uncertainties and conservatisms involved in the analyses. Analytical methods to quantitatively assess the probability of future events to occur and the sensitivity of the results to data uncertainty may prove useful in relaxing some of the conservatism built into the analyses. The applicability of such methods to pathways analyses is briefly discussed. 18 refs., …
Date:
January 1, 1984
Creator:
Pin, F.G. & Oblow, E.M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Feasibility of perfluorocarbon tracers (PFTs) in atmospheric source-receptor experiments
A brief description of the perfluorocarbon tracer (PFT) system, which includes the tracers and the release equipment, the air samplers and the analyzers, is presented along with details on the research needs to provide a viable system for MATEX-scenario experiments. The present family of 2 viable PFTs needs to be increased to 5 to 6. Given the present precision of the analysis system, a one year long tracer experiment consisting of 4 hour releases every 60 hours from 5 different sites would require nearly 150 metric tons of PFTs at a cost of $15,000,000. Shortcomings in the programmable sampler include the pump, the sampling sequence control flexibility, data storage and retrieval, and the lack of remote communication capability; sampler adsorbent studies are also needed. The analytical system, including the catalyst processing bed, the chromatography column resolution, and the linearity of the detector, is in need of significant improvement. A higher resolution analysis system could significantly reduce analysis time but, more importantly, reduce tracer requirements more than 10-fold, for a cost savings potential of more than $13,000,000. A model is presented to demonstrate the feasibility of tracer material balances. Assessment of earlier long-range tracer experiments indicates the need for possibly 400 …
Date:
March 1, 1984
Creator:
Dietz, R. N. & Senum, G. I.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Sample environments at IPNS: present and future capabilities
Argonne's Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, IPNS, was dedicated as a major user-oriented neutron scattering facility two years ago. Most instruments are now equipped to provide for sample environments in the temperature range 1.5 < T < 1300K. A special facility provides T < 1mK, and another provides pressures to 30kbar. Several environmental equipment designs are described that emphasize time-of-flight technique. Methods for achieving time-resolved experiments which take advantage of the IPNS pulsed source characteristics are discussed. 6 references, 7 figures.
Date:
February 1, 1984
Creator:
Faber, J. Jr.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Mapping subsurface pathways for contaminant migration at a proposed low level waste disposal site using electromagnetic methods
Electromagnetic methods have been used to measure apparent terrain conductivity in the downstream portion of a watershed in which a waste disposal site is proposed. At that site, the pathways for waste migration in ground water are controlled by subsurface channels. The channels are identified using isocurves of measured apparent conductivity. Two upstream channel branches are found to merge into a single downstream channel which constitutes the main drainage path out of the watershed. The identification and mapping of the ground water pathways is an important contribution to the site characterization study and the pathways analysis. The direct applications of terrain conductivity mapping to the planning of the monitoring program, the hydrogeological testing, and the modeling study are demonstrated. 7 references, 4 figures.
Date:
January 1, 1984
Creator:
Pin, F.G. & Ketelle, R.H.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Estimating and coping with public response to radioactive waste repository siting
The siting and construction of a radioactive waste disposal operation is likely to be controversial in the communities being considered, and at the state and national levels as well. Public response can be conceptualized at two levels: individual, and group or organizational. At the individual level, public response is the behavior of people motivated by their attitudes, knowledge, and perceptions of radioactive waste and its hazards and risks. On the group or organizational level, public response is the organized activity of individuals. Organizations provide the ability to pool resources and talents, set up a division of labor, hire experts, develop a skilled leadership, take legal action, and so on. A broad range of organizations is possible: ad hoc, existing community groups with an added purpose, nationally-recognized organizations, or government offices and agencies. Two cases of response to radioactive waste disposal sites illustrate these sources and kinds of response and lead to indicators to estimate the nature and level of response. Finally, drawing from the theoretical discussion of the sources and levels of public response, on the estimation techniques, and on the examples, specific coping strategies are developed. These strategies take different forms, based on the nature and level of response …
Date:
February 7, 1984
Creator:
Payne, B.A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Steam Generator Group Project. Progress report on data acquisition/statistical analysis
A major task of the Steam Generator Group Project (SGGP) is to establish the reliability of the eddy current inservice inspections of PWR steam generator tubing, by comparing the eddy current data to the actual physical condition of the tubes via destructive analyses. This report describes the plans for the computer systems needed to acquire, store and analyze the diverse data to be collected during the project. The real-time acquisition of the baseline eddy current inspection data will be handled using a specially designed data acquisition computer system based on a Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) PDP-11/44. The data will be archived in digital form for use after the project is completed. Data base management and statistical analyses will be done on a DEC VAX-11/780. Color graphics will be heavily used to summarize the data and the results of the analyses. The report describes the data that will be taken during the project and the statistical methods that will be used to analyze the data. 7 figures, 2 tables.
Date:
January 1, 1984
Creator:
Doctor, P. G.; Buchanan, J. A.; McIntyre, J. M.; Hof, P. J. & Ercanbrack, S. S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Proposed alternatives for a DOE-wide occupational radiation exposure information system
The Radiation Exposure Information Reporting System (REIRS) was initiated by the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) in 1968. While the system has provided a general overview of radiation exposures associated with AEC/ERDA/DOE operations and has satisfied the original intent for a central information system, the need for more detailed information has become evident. The alternatives addressed for a radiation exposure information system were no change in current system, clarification of DOE Order for current system, increased summary information from sites, centralized annual individual dose (exposure) system, and annual dose summary and locator files. A majority of the DOE Ad Hoc Committee has concurred to recommend the annual dose summary and locator files (ADSLF). The acceptance of the ADSLF alternative as the DOE-wide radiation exposure system would give DOE added capability and flexibility in responding to requests for information and would reduce the impact on the sites of special survey requests.
Date:
February 1, 1984
Creator:
Murphy, B. L.; Murphy, D. W.; Fix, J. J.; Selby, J. M. & Vallario, E. J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Computer based training cost-benefit model
The costs of establishing a computer-based training program for FFTF reactor operators are analyzed.
Date:
January 1, 1984
Creator:
Gardner, P.R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cogeneration Handbook for the Petroleum Refining Industry. [Contains Glossary]
The decision of whether to cogenerate involves several considerations, including technical, economic, environmental, legal, and regulatory issues. Each of these issues is addressed separately in this handbook. In addition, a chapter is included on preparing a three-phase work statement, which is needed to guide the design of a cogeneration system. In addition, an annotated bibliography and a glossary of terminology are provided. Appendix A provides an energy-use profile of the petroleum refining industry. Appendices B through O provide specific information that will be called out in subsequent chapters.
Date:
March 1, 1984
Creator:
Fassbender, L. L.; Garrett-Price, B. A.; Moore, N. L.; Fassbender, A.G.; Eakin, D. E. & Gorges, H. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Numerical calculation of complex shock reflections in gases
We present here computational results using second order Godunov methods for time-dependent Eulerian gas dynamics with a general (convex) equation of state. 5 refs., 5 figs.
Date:
June 1, 1984
Creator:
Colella, P. & Glaz, H. M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Engineering evaluation of alternatives for the disposition of Niagara Falls Storage Site, its residues and wastes
The final disposition scenarios selected by DOE for assessment in this document are consistent with those stated in the Notice of Intent to prepare an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for the Niagara Falls Storage Site (NFSS) (DOE, 1983d) and the modifications to the alternatives resulting from the public scoping process. The scenarios are: take no action beyond interim remedial measures other than maintenance and surveillance of the NFSS; retain and manage the NFSS as a long-term waste management facility for the wastes and residues on the site; decontaminate, certify, and release the NFSS for other use, with long-term management of the wastes and residues at other DOE sites; and partially decontaminate the NFSS by removal and transport off site of only the more radioactive residues, and upgrade containment of the remaining wastes and residues on site. The objective of this document is to present to DOE the conceptual engineering, occupational radiation exposure, construction schedule, maintenance and surveillance requirements, and cost information relevant to design and implementation of each of the four scenarios. The specific alternatives within each scenario used as the basis for discussion in this document were evaluated on the bases of engineering considerations, technical feasibility, and regulatory requirements. …
Date:
January 1, 1984
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Hydroacoustic Monitoring of Downstream Migrant Salmon and Steelhead at Wells Dam in Spring 1984.
The downstream migration of salmon and steelhead in spring 1984 at Wells Dam on the mid-Columbia River was monitored using hydroacoustics. The primary objective of this research was to document run timing and describe the distribution of smolts at the dam. The study occurred from April 2 to June 15, 1984. Four transducers were deployed at the bases of pier noses at Turbines 3, 5, 7, and 9 and aimed up 24/sup 0/ into the forebay. They were sampled once every hour, 24 hours per day, for 75 days. An index of fish passage was reported daily to the Water Budget Center in Portland, Oregon. This index was computed as follows. For each 24-h period, separate fish passage rates (number/time) at each of the four sampling locations were estimated by dividing the sum of the ''weighted'' fish detections by total sample time. These four values then were averaged to produced the daily index (number/day/location). The first substantial increase in fish passage occurred on April 25, 1984 due to the chinook released from the Winthrop hatchery on April 23. During May, run timing was fairly uniform except for peaks on May 2, 14, 18, and 22. The unexpected peak in run …
Date:
October 31, 1984
Creator:
Raemhild, Gary A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Simulation of winds as seen by a rotating vertical axis wind turbine blade
The objective of this report is to provide turbulent wind analyses relevant to the design and testing of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT). A technique was developed for utilizing high-speed turbulence wind data from a line of seven anemometers at a single level to simulate the wind seen by a rotating VAWT blade. Twelve data cases, representing a range of wind speeds and stability classes, were selected from the large volume of data available from the Clayton, New Mexico, Vertical Plane Array (VPA) project. Simulations were run of the rotationally sampled wind speed relative to the earth, as well as the tangential and radial wind speeds, which are relative to the rotating wind turbine blade. Spectral analysis is used to compare and assess wind simulations from the different wind regimes, as well as from alternate wind measurement techniques. The variance in the wind speed at frequencies at or above the blade rotation rate is computed for all cases, and is used to quantitatively compare the VAWT simulations with Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) simulations. Qualitative comparisons are also made with direct wind measurements from a VAWT blade.
Date:
February 1, 1984
Creator:
George, R.L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Hydrothermal alteration in well Baca 22, Baca geothermal area, Valles Caldera, New Mexico
A number of exploration wells were drilled to supply steam for a proposed electric generating plant. Drill cuttings from one of these wells, Baca 22, were studied with a petrographic microscope and by x-ray diffraction to determine the nature of the original rocks and of the hydrothermal alteration. The hydrothermal alteration is used to determine the temperatures of alteration which can then be compared with borehole temperatures to determine if the mineral assemblages are compatible with present day temperatures. It is shown that there is evidence indicating that the upper 2000 feet of borehole is cooler now than it has been in the past. Sample sizes were limited in this study (usually less than 5 grams). In most cases, one quarter of the sample was used to make the thin section while the remainder was reserved for x-ray analysis. Samples were mounted in epoxy and cut to a thickness of 30 microns for petrographic study. X-ray diffraction patterns were obtained using a Debye-Scherrer camera and Fek..cap alpha.. radiation.
Date:
January 1, 1984
Creator:
Fox, D.J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Exploratory basic energy research conducted at Standord University in the period September, 1979-August, 1983. Final report
In September, 1978, the Department of Energy awarded a contract to Stanford for Exploratory Basic Research. Projects to be supported were to be chosen by Stanford, with emphasis being placed on exploratory research likely to lead to full-scale research programs under support of appropriate agencies. Funding was provided for three years, as follows: FY 1979, $150K; FY 1980, 200K; and FY 1981, 250K for a total of $600K. The DOE funds provided through this contract were used, in combination with the IES industrial funds, to support exploratory basic energy research in three ways: (1) Funding of faculty members for the initial phases of research. Most of the funding was used in this manner. (2) Support of the Energy Information Center, a small special document center that holds information pertinent to energy research, both as related to energy policy and energy technology and to the supporting basic sciences. Approximately 12% of the funding was used in this manner. (3) Through support for seminars, occasional visitors, and program administration. Approximately 6% of the funding was used for this general support of the energy ambiance at Stanford.
Date:
January 1, 1984
Creator:
Reynolds, W.C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Possibilities of polarized protons in Sp anti p S and other high energy hadron colliders
The requirements for collisions with polarized protons in hadron colliders above 200 GeV are listed and briefly discussed. Particular attention is given to the use of the ''Siberan snake'' to eliminate depolarizing resonances, which occur when the spin precession frequency equals a frequency contained in the spectrum of the field seen by the beam. The Siberian snake is a device which makes the spin precession frequency essentially constant by using spin rotators, which precess the spin by 180/sup 0/ about either the longitudinal or transverse horizontal axis. It is concluded that operation with polarized protons should be possible at all the high energy hadron colliders. (LEW)
Date:
January 1, 1984
Creator:
Courant, E. D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Determination of surface oxide compositions on Alloy 600 using Rutherford backscattering
The surface composition of oxides formed on Alloy 600 under conditions similar to those in the primary side of PWR heat exchangers has been studied as a function of potential using Rutherford backscattering and proton inelastic scattering. Electropolished samples of Alloy 600 were exposed at several potentials to a solution of 0.18M H/sub 3/BO/sub 3/(2000 ppM B) with 0.28M LiOH (1.4 ppM Li) at 300/sup 0/C for 450 hours. The potentials relative to an internal hydrogen electrode ranged from -.09 to 750 mV. RBS analysis showed little or no oxide formation on samples exposed at 0 mV. Above 0 mV oxide layers formed whose thicknesses increased with potential. In addition the RBS showed a significantly enhanced concentration of aluminum and silicon in oxide. Both the oxygen and the sum of the aluminum and silicon content appeared to maintain a fixed surface concentration independent of the oxide thickness. Boron and lithium concentration were analyzed with proton inelastic scattering. No lithium was found in any sample. The boron concentration was found to follow the thickness of the oxide.
Date:
January 1, 1984
Creator:
Hanson, A. L.; Isaacs, H. S. & Kraner, H. W.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library