Annual report of the Argonne National Laboratory Environmental Research Division regarding activities related to ecology and the effects of radiation on the environment.

Annual report of the Argonne National Laboratory Radiological and Environmental Research Division regarding activities related to atmospheric physics.

A mathematical model is presented for flow-induced vibration of the Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) liquid oxygen (LOX) posts. The definition of the critical flow velocity is addressed, and detuning of the vibrations of the LOX posts is discussed. Nonuniform flow distributions in the axial and transverse directions are examined briefly, followed by upstream turbulence. The dependence of response upon post location is addressed briefly. Scruton's number, a mass-damping parameter, is defined and its value for the SSME LOX posts is given. Also discussed are the interaction of turbulent buffeting and fluidelastic instability, post arrangement, and swirlers around the posts. The differences are discussed between the quasi-static, the analytical, and the general analytical mathematical models.

This document is a formal report on the scientific workstation evaluation project. The objective of this project has been to evaluate a scientific workstation. When new computing systems appeared that exhibited the capabilities necessary to do scientific computing work at relatively low equipment cost, both the staff of the Argonne scientific divisions and we (the Computing Services staff) wished to know more about the equipment and the vendor claims.

This report contains the proceedings of the workshop which was held at Argonne during the period May 14 through June 15, 1984. The report contains 22 articles, authored or co-authored by the participants in the workshop. Topics covered at the workshop included the asymptotics of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions; qualitative and quantitative aspects of Sturm-Liouville eigenvalue problems with discrete and continuous spectra; polar, indefinite, and non-self-adjoint Sturm-Liouville eigenvalue problems; and systems of differential equations of Sturm-Liouville type.

Quarterly report discussing fuel cell research and development work at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). These efforts have been directed toward seeking alternative cathode materials to NiO for molten carbonate fuel cells. Particular emphasis has been placed on studying the relationship between synthesis conditions and the resistivity of doped and undoped LiFeO2 and Li2 MnO3 and on achieving a better understanding of the crystalline defect structures of the thermodynamically stable phases.

These annual meetings bring together contractors of the Division of Chemical Sciences in its basic research program on solar photochemical energy conversion to exchange information and to give interested government officials an opportunity to assess the current status of the program. This year's meeting was joined by 12 Canadian scientists with similar interests in solar photochemistry. This volume contains the program of the meeting, a list of attendees, the abstracts of 29 formal presentations and 36 posters, and a record of questions and answers following each presentation.

Parameters and operating conditions (a stability map) were determined for which a specific slip-joint design did not cause self-excited lateral vibration of the two cantilevered, telescoping tubes forming the joint. The joint design featured a localized annular constriction. Flowrate, modal damping, tube engagement length, and eccentric positioning were among the parameters tested. Interestingly, all self-excited vibrations could be avoided by following a simple design rule: place constrictions only at the downstream end of the annular region between the tubes. Also, overall modal damping decreased with increased flowrate, at least initially, for upstream constrictions while the damping increased for downstream constrictions.

Quarterly report on activities of Argonne National Laboratory's Nuclear Technical Programs, including studies on nuclear fuels and nuclear waste.

The mathematical software effort bridges the gap between the discovery of numerical algorithms and the consumption of numerical software. The spectrum of activities is surprisingly wide, including tasks often associated with numerical analysis, program design and testing, programming practices, language standards, documentation standards, software organization, distribution methods, and even the specification of arithmetic engines. This paper highlights the most important accomplishments in the field over the last twenty years. It also examines current problems and future challenges posed by the rapid advance of technology.

The accuracy of the finite analytic method of discretizing fluid flow equations is assessed through calculations of multidimensional scalar transport. The transport of a scalar function in a uniform velocity flow field inclined with the finite-difference grid lines is calculated for a range of grid Peclet numbers and flow skewness. The finite analytic method is observed to be superior to the approach of constructing finite-difference analogs from locally one-dimensional resolution of the flow vector. However, the finite analytic method also produces appreciable errors locally in regions of steep variations, under conditions of large grid Peclet numbers, and skewness of the streamlines.

DISPL1 is a software package for solving some second order nonlinear systems of partial differential equations including parabolic, elliptic, hyperbolic, and some mixed types such as parabolic-elliptic equations. Fairly general nonlinear boundary conditions are allowed as well as interface conditions for problems in an inhomogeneous media. The spatial domain is one or two dimensional with Cartesian, cylindrical, or spherical (in one dimension only) geometry. The numerical method is based on the use of Galerkin's procedure combined with the use of B-splines in order to reduce the system of PDE's to a system of ODE's. The latter system is then solved with a sophisticated ODE software package. Software features include extensive dump/restart facilities, free format input, moderate printed output capability, dynamic storage allocation, and three graphics packages.

Cracking of liquid-oxygen (LOX) posts was observed in several evaluation tests. The design modification consists of attaching impingement shields to LOX posts in the upstream row. This has improved the vibration/fatigue problem of LOX posts. However, that modification results in an increased pressure drop that ultimately affects the lifetime of other components. This report presents a preliminary assessment of the LOX post vibration problem including a review of relevant parameters, flow induced vibration mechanisms, scoping calculation and experiment, and a work plan for an integrated theoretical/experimental study.

Calculations have been made of the three-dimensional mixing, chemical reaction, and flow field development in a typical ducted rocket configuration. The governing partial differential equations are numerically solved by an iterative finite-difference solution procedure. The physical models include the k approx. epsilon turbulence model, one-step reaction, and mixing controlled chemical reaction rate. Radiation is neglected. The mean flow structure, fuel dispersal patterns, and temperature field are presented in detail for a base configuration with 0.058 m (2 in.) dome height, 45/sup 0/ side arm inclination, and with gaseous ethylene injected from the dome plate at an eccentric location. In addition, the influences of the geometrical parameters such as dome height, inclination of the side arms, and location of the fuel injector are studied.

A signal flow model is described that uses memory devices from combinational logic. The implementation of this model in Prolog is also presented.

The TRIO experiment is a test of in-situ tritium recovery and heat transfer performance of a miniaturized solid breeder blanket assembly. The assembly (capsule) was monitored for temperature and neutron flux profiles during irradiation and a sweep gas flowed through the capsule to an analytical train wherein the amounts of tritium in its various chemical forms were determined. The capsule was designed to operate at different temperatures and sweep gas conditions. At the end of the experiment the amount of tritium retained in the solid was at a concentration of less than 0.1 wppM. More than 99.9% of tritium generated during the experiment was successfully recovered. The results of the experiment showed that the tritium inventories at the beginning and at the end of the experiment follow a relationship which appears to be characteristic of intragranular diffusion.

Quarterly report discussing fuel cell research and development work at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). This report describes activities directed toward seeking alternative cathode materials to NiO for molten carbonate fuel cells.

Report on activities of the Division of Biological and Medical Research in carcinogenesis, low level radiation, molecular biology, and toxicology.

This report contains plutonium wavelengths, energy level classifications, and other spectroscopic data accumulated over the past twenty years at Laboratoire Aime Cotton (LAC) Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The primary purpose was term analysis: deriving the energy levels in terms of quantum numbers and electron configurations, and evaluating the Slater-Condon and other parameters from the levels.

Tubes in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, including nuclear plant steam generators, derive their support from longitudinally positioned tube support plates (TSPs). Typically there is a clearance between the tube and TSP hole. Depending on design and fabrication tolerances, the tube may or may not contract all of the TSPs. Noncontact results in an inactive TSP which can lead to detrimental flow induced tube vibrations under certain conditions dependent on the resulting tube-TSP interaction dynamics and the fluid excitation forces. The purpose of this study is to investigate the tube-TSP interaction dynamics. Results of an experimental study of damping and natural frequency as functions of tube-TSP diametral clearance and TSP thickness are reported. Calculated values of damping ratio and frequency of a tube vibrating within an inactive TSP are also presented together with a comparison of calculated and experimental quantities.

Quarterly report on activities of Argonne National Laboratory's Nuclear Technical Programs, including evaluation of the potential of radiolytic production of nitric acid or ammonia in a nuclear waste repository to cause degradation of bentonite-based backfill materials.

Report on various studies in the physics division of Argonne National Laboratory, including medium-energy physics research, superconducting LINAC accelerator, and theoretical nuclear physics.

Proceedings of a workshop of a unique group of physicists in the fields of high-energy, nuclear and atomic physics. The meeting was organized in a manner that stimulated discussion among the 58 participants and focused on developments in polarized target technology and the underlying atomic physics. An impressive array of future possibilities for polarized targets as well as current developments in polarized target technology were discussed at the workshop.

Research and development work on rechargeable lithium/molten salt batteries, sponsored by the US Department of Energy, has been under way at Argonne National Laboratory and several industrial laboratories for the past decade. In 1978, a program for the US Army (Belvoir R and D Center) was initiated with ANL and Eagle-Picher Industries to ascertain the status and to aid the development of the manufacturing technology of the Li-Al/FeS battery as a power source for forklift trucks. A long-lived cell, achieving greater than 1000 discharge cycles, was developed in the Army program and was used as a basis for a forklift truck battery design. The projected performance of the Li-Al/FeS battery showed a 200% increase in stored energy when compared with a lead-acid battery of equal volume.