Photocopy of an clipping on the legacy of Women Airforce Service Pilots, their contributions to World War II, and their eventual fight to gain veteran status.

Radiation-induced segregation rates in a Ni-12.7 at.% Si alloy have been measured as a function of temperature using ions of various masses and energies. An analysis of the segregation kinetics using a simple analytical model yielded the relative efficiency of each of the ions for producing mobile defects directly from ratios of their measured segregation rates. In this paper, we also show that the relative efficiencies can also be determined from measured shifts in the peak segregation temperature. Both methods yield a strong decrease in efficiency with increasing ion mass. The reduction in efficiency for the heavior ions was found to be significantly larger than that measured at very low temperatures by resistivity techniques. The latter are often used as a basis for correlating damage structures produced at elevated temperatures. Differences between the low and high temperature measurements indicate that relative efficiencies determined from segregation measurements are more reliable for correlating microstructural changes that are produced in different irradiation environments at high temperatures.

The possibility of using /sup 163/Dy as a low threshold solar neutrino detector is discussed. Solar neutrino absorption cross sections are calculated, and expected capture rates presented.

Critical gas flow rates were measured for fluidizing initially static beds of particles and for settling of fluidized beds in a stationary pool of liquid. Experiments were conducted with beds of glass, nickel and UO/sub 2/ particles ranging in size from 11 to 548 ..mu..m in pools of water, ethanol, Freon-113 and water-glycerine solutions. Beds of particles smaller than 328 ..mu..m were fluidized by a mechanism of individual particles being carried off of walls of channels in the bed, and beds of particles larger than 328 ..mu..m slugged before breaking up to a fluidized state. The data were empirically correlated.

Low energy electron diffraction patterns show that the W(001) surface reconstructs at room temperature when exposed to hydrogen with a (..sqrt..2x..sqrt..2)R45/sup 0/ structure having a c2mm symmetry. Vibrational EELS data indicate that the tungsten atoms move together to form dimers which must be aligned in <10> directions to satisfy the symmetry requirements. The two possible dimer orientations define two orthogonal, degenerate domains. It has been shown that steps on a surface may limit the growth of the reconstruction domains and may also influence the relative abundance of the domain orientations. We report here an extension of previous work on step effects involving the relationship of step orientation to domain growth and selection. 7 refs., 2 figs.

Bound and free moisture can be classified by energetic, structural, or operational schemes. We discuss these schemes and consider four methods (dynamic dielectric thermal analysis, microwave attenuation analysis, near-infrared reflectance analysis (NIRA) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy) that have been suggested for distinguishing between bound and free moisture in organic materials. This report describes the microwave attenuation method. The theoretical basis for using microwaves for this purpose is developed. We show that microwave measurements can be used to measure the moisture in triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB) using a microwave network analyzer down to 0.04% H/sub 2/O. The design of the apparatus necessary to extend these measurements to lower moisture content limits is mentioned. As part of this study, we measured the dielectric properties of TATB for the first time. We found that the dielectric constant epsilon' for TATB was 4.00 +- 0.01.

We analyze the model for estimating the dose from /sup 239/Pu developed for the Nevada Applied Ecology Group (NAEG) by using sensitivity analysis and uncertainty analysis. Sensitivity analysis results suggest that the air pathway is the critical pathway for the organs receiving the highest dose. Soil concentration and the factors controlling air concentration are the most important parameters. The only organ whose dose is sensitive to parameters in the ingestion pathway is the GI tract. The air pathway accounts for 100% of the dose to lung, upper respiratory tract, and thoracic lymph nodes; and 95% of its dose via ingestion. Leafy vegetable ingestion accounts for 70% of the dose from the ingestion pathway regardless of organ, peeled vegetables 20%; accidental soil ingestion 5%; ingestion of beef liver 4%; beef muscle 1%. Only a handful of model parameters control the dose for any one organ. The number of important parameters is usually less than 10. Uncertainty analysis indicates that choosing a uniform distribution for the input parameters produces a lognormal distribution of the dose. The ratio of the square root of the variance to the mean is three times greater for the doses than it is for the individual parameters. As …

Brookhaven National Laboratory, in order to provide technical information needed by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission to evaluate the adequacy of near-surface disposal of decontamination wstes, has begun to study the leachability of organic reagents from solidified simulated decontamination wastes. Laboratory-scale cement waste forms containing EDTA, picolinic acid or simulated LOMI decontamination reagent were leach tested. Samples containing an organic reagent on either mixed bed ion-exchange resins or anion exchange resins were tested. A fixed interval leach procedure was used, as well as the standard procedure ANS 16.1. The leachability indices measured for the release of the acid from resin/cement composites are: 10.1 for EDTA on mixed bed resins; 9.1 for picolinic acid on mixed bed resins; 9.2 for picolinic acid on anion exchange resins; 8.8 for picolinic acid in forms containing simulated low oxidation metallic ion (LOMI) reagent on mixed bed resins and 8.7 for picolinic acid in forms containing simulated LOMI reagent on anion exchange resins. The leachability indices measured varied with leach time and the data indicate that the release mechanism may not be simply diffusion controlled. 5 references, 2 tables.

A test facility for measuring the sorption properties of candidate solid desiccant materials under dynamic conditions as well as equilibrium conditions, those experienced during desiccant dehumidifier operation, was constructed and tested. The theory of perturbation chromatography was initially used to measure the equilibrium properties of a desiccant/water-vapor system for the first time. Silica gel, molecular sieve, and gamma-manganese dioxide were tested. The equilibrium capacity estimated by the perturbation chromatography was lower than those available in literature, which suggests that perturbation chromatography may not be applicable to desiccant/water-vapor systems. The perturbation chromatography was replaced with a gravimetric technique, and satisfactory results were obtained for a water-vapor/molecular-sieve system.

In my talk I will cover the period 1973 to 1976 which saw the discoveries of the J/psi and psi' resonances and most of the Psion spectroscopy, the tau lepton and the D/sup 0/,D/sup +/ charmed meson doublet. Occasionally I will refer briefly to more recent results. Since this conference is on the history of the weak-interactions I will deal primarily with the properties of naked charm and in particular the weakly decaying doublet of charmed mesons. Most of the discoveries I will mention were made with the SLAC-LBL Magnetic Detector or MARK I which we operated at SPEAR from 1973 to 1976. 27 references.

Recent work at the Argonne National Laboratory, (ANL), HVEM-Tandem Accelerator user facility is summarized: direct observation of cluster defects formed by in-situ ion irradiation at low temperature using the ion-beam interface has led to important fundamental results on defect production processes. Results on solute segregation at elevated temperatures induced by electron and ion irradiation are reported. Other published work is briefly summarized and/or referenced.

The rather general circumstances under which a phase transition in hadronic matter at finite temperature to an abnormal phase in which baryon effective masses become small and in which copious baryon-antibaryon pairs appear is emphasized. A preview is also given of a soliton model of dense matter, in which at a density of about seven times nuclear density, matter ceases to be a color insulator and becomes increasingly color conducting. 22 references.

This report presents the results of an initial set of out-of-cell transient heating experiments performed on unirradiated UO/sub 2/ pellets fabricated to simulate the effect of grain boundary fission gas on fuel swelling and cladding failure. The fabrication involved trapping high-pressure argon on internal pores by sintering annular UO/sub 2/ pellets in a hot isostatic press (HIP). The pellet stack was subjected to two separate transients (DGF83-03A and -03B). Figures show photomicrographs of HIPped and non-HIPped UO/sub 2/, respectively, and the adjacent cladding after DGF83-03B. Fuel melting occurred at the center of both the HIPped and non-HIPped pellets; however, a dark ring is present near the center in the HIPped fuel but not in the non-HIPped fuel. This dark band is a high-porosity region due to increased grain boundary/edge swelling in that pellet. In contrast, grain boundary/edge swelling did not occur in the non-HIPped pellets. Thus, the presence of the high-pressure argon trapped on internal pores during sintering in the HIP altered the microstructural behavior. Results of these preliminary tests indicate that the microstructural behavior of HIPped fuel during thermal transients is different from the behavior of conventionally fabricated fuel.

We review the theoretical arguments indicating that hadronic matter dissolves into a quark gluon plasma at energy densities only one order of magnitude above the energy density in nuclei and point out that such energy densities can be achieved in nuclear collisions at 10 to 1000 AGeV. 17 references.

Gradients of temperature, pressure, and fluid composition in saturated clays give rise to coupled transport processes (thermal and chemical osmosis, thermal diffusion, ultrafiltration) in addition to the direct processes (advection and diffusion). One-dimensional transport of water and a solute in a saturated clay subjected to mild gradients of temperature and pressure was simulated numerically. When full coupling was accounted for, volume flux (specific discharge) was controlled by thermal osmosis and chemical osmosis. The two coupled fluxes were oppositely directed, producing a point of stagnation within the clay column. Solute flows were dominated by diffusion, chemical osmosis, and thermal osmosis. Chemical osmosis produced a significant flux of solute directed against the gradient of solute concentration; this effect reduced solute concentrations relative to the case without coupling. Predictions of mass transport in clays at nuclear waste repositories could be significantly in error if coupled transport processes are not accounted for. 14 references, 8 figures, 1 table.

The author discusses the applicability of a hydrodynamic description of high energy hadronic collisions. The author reviews the results of recent computations of the mean free paths of quarks and gluons in a quark-gluon plasma, and the corresponding results for viscous coefficients. These quantities are employed to evaluate the limits to the application of perfect fluid hydrodynamics as a description of time evolution of matter produced in various hadronic collisions. 22 references.

Magnetic field probes have been employed to study the internal field structure of Field-Reversed Configurations (FRCs) translating past the probes in the FRX-C/T device. Internal closed flux surfaces can be studied in this manner with minimal perturbation because of the rapid transit of the plasma (translation velocity v/sub z/ approx. 10 cm/..mu..s). Data have been taken using a 5-mtorr-D/sub 2/ gas-puff mode of operation in the FRC source coil which yields an initial plasma density of approx. 1 x 10/sup 15/ cm/sup -3/ and x/sub s/ approx. 0.40. FRCs translate from the approx. 25 cm radius source coil into a 20 cm radius metal translation vessel. Of many translation conditions studied, the condition considered here is translation into a weak guide field resulting in expansion of the FRC to conditions of density approx. 3 x 10/sup 14/ and x/sub s/ approx. 0.7. The expected reversed B/sub z/ structure is observed. Evidence of island structure is also observed. Fluctuating levels of B/sub THETA/ are observed with amplitudes less than or equal to B/sub 0//3 and values of flux approx. 4 x the poloidal flux. Values of ..beta.. on the separatrix of ..beta../sub s/ approx. = 0.3 (indexed to the external field) …

A theory to explain the origin of extragalactic gamma ray bursts is presented. Collisions of black dwarf and neutron stars with a subsequent fragmentation of the dwarf producing relativistic particle accelerations toward the neutron star and a resulting turbulent flow of material at the neutron star surface is postulated. (DWL)

An NMOS device has been developed which provides high speed analog signal storage and readout for time expansion of transient signals. This device takes advantage of HMOS-1 VLSI technology to implement an array of 256 storage cells. Sequential samples of an input waveform can be taken every 5 ns while providing an effective sampling aperture time of less than 1 ns. The design signal-to-noise ratio is 1 part in 2000. Digital control circuitry is provided on the chip for controlling the read-in and read-out processes. A reference circuit is incorporated in the chip for first order compensation of leakage drifts, sampling pedestals, and temperature effects.

The quasimolecular 2p..pi..-1s tau transition energy as a function of the internuclear distance is obtained from the interference structure observed in quasimolecular K-x-ray spectra from low energy H-like projectiles measured at certain impact parameters. 15 references, 7 figures.

The addition of an l = 1 helical winding to the Heliac central conductor adds a significant degree of flexibility to the configuration by making it possible to control the rotational transform and shear. Such control is essential for an experiment because the presence of low-m resonant surfaces in or near the plasma can cause break-up of the equilibrium magnetic surfaces. To further improve the equilibrium ..beta.. limits for low aspect ratio configurations, it is necessary to reduce the toroidal magnetic axis shift. The results indicate that an increase in aspect ratio and number of field periods is the most effective means of improvement.

The database requirements for the Advanced Test Accelerator (ATA) project are outlined. ATA is a state-of-the-art electron accelerator capable of producing energetic (50 million electron volt), high current (10,000 ampere), short pulse (70 billionths of a second) beams of electrons for a wide variety of applications. Databasing is required for two applications. First, the description of the configuration of facility itself requires an extended database. Second, experimental data gathered from the facility must be organized and managed to insure its full utilization. The two applications are intimately related since the acquisition and analysis of experimental data requires knowledge of the system configuration. This report reviews the needs of the ATA program and current implementation, intentions, and desires. These database applications have several unique aspects which are of interest and will be highlighted. The features desired in an ultimate database system are outlined. 3 references, 5 figures.

Highlights of the Workshop on Detectors for Relativistic Nuclear Collisions, held March 26-30, 1984, at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory are reviewed. (Complete proceedings are available as report LBL-18225.) (WHK)

A quantity called stickiness is introduced which should be largest for J not equal to 0 glueballs and can be measured in two photon scattering and radiative J/psi decay. An argument is reviewed suggesting that light J = 0 glueballs may have large couplings to two photons. The analysis of radiative decays of eta and eta' is reviewed and a plea made to desist from false claims that they are related to GAMMA(..pi../sup 0/ ..-->.. ..gamma gamma..) by SU(3) symmetry. It is shown that two photon studies can refute the difficult-to-refute hypothesis that xi(2220) or zeta(8320) are Higgs bosons. A gallery of rogue resonances and resonance candidates is presented which would usefully be studied in ..gamma gamma.. scattering, including especially the low mass dipion. 34 references.