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Experience with a saddle field ion source for sputtering
A discussion is presented concerning the method of setting up a saddle field ion source for sputtering thin films. Preliminary results will be presented for sputtering rates of different materials.
Date:
January 1, 1983
Creator:
Thomas, G.E.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced development of a pressurized ash agglomerating fluidized-bed coal gasification system. Quarterly progress report, October 1-December 31, 1982
The overall objective of the Westinghouse coal gasification program is to demonstrate the viability of the Westinghouse pressurized, fluidized bed, gasification system for the production of medium-Btu fuel gas for syngas, electrical power generation, chemical feedstocks, or industrial fuels and to obtain performance and scaleup data for the process and hardware. Progress reports are presented for the following tasks: (1) operation and maintenance of the process development unit (PDU); (2) process analysis; (3) cold flow scaleup facility; (4) process component engineering and design; and (5) laboratory support studies involving gas solids flow modeling and coal/ash behavior. 9 figures, 19 tables.
Date:
April 21, 1983
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Ion cyclotron radio frequency systems and performance on the tandem mirror experiment-upgrade (TMX-U)
High power ion cyclotron radio frequency (ICRF) systems are now gaining greater attention than before as prime driver ion heating systems. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) has installed a 200 kW high frequency (HF) transmitter system on its Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade (TMX-U). This paper describes the system, antenna, controls, and monitoring apparatus. The transmitter operates into a high Q antenna installed in the central cell region of the experiment. It incorporates a dual-port feedback system to automatically adjust the transmitter's output power and allow the maximum consistent with the plasma loading of the antenna. Special techniques have been used to measure, in real-time, the dynamically changing loading values presented by the plasma. From the measurements, the antenna impedance can be optimized for specified plasma density.
Date:
December 1, 1983
Creator:
Moore, T. L.; Molvik, A. W.; Cummins, W. F.; Pedrotti, L. R.; Henderson, A. L.; Karsner, P. G. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Heavy ion drivers for inertial confinement fusion
The advantages of heavy ion beams as a way of delivering the needed energy and power to an inertial fusion target are surveyed. The existing broad technology base of particle accelerators provides an important foundation for designing, costing, and evaluating proposed systems. The sequence of steps needed for the verification of the heavy ion approach is described; recent research results are even more encouraging than had been assumed hitherto.
Date:
December 1, 1983
Creator:
Keefe, D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Assessment of tritium breeding requirements for fusion power reactors
This report presents an assessment of tritium-breeding requirements for fusion power reactors. The analysis is based on an evaluation of time-dependent tritium inventories in the reactor system. The method presented can be applied to any fusion systems in operation on a steady-state mode as well as on a pulsed mode. As an example, the UWMAK-I design was analyzed and it has been found that the startup inventory requirement calculated by the present method significantly differs from those previously calculated. The effect of reactor-parameter changes on the required tritium breeding ratio is also analyzed for a variety of reactor operation scenarios.
Date:
December 1, 1983
Creator:
Jung, J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Kinetic analysis of dynamic PET data
Our goal is to quantify regional physiological processes such as blood flow and metabolism by means of tracer kinetic modeling and positron emission tomography (PET). Compartmental models are one way of characterizing the behavior of tracers in physiological systems. This paper describes a general method of estimating compartmental model rate constants from measurements of the concentration of tracers in blood and tissue, taken at multiple time intervals. A computer program which applies the method is described, and examples are shown for simulated and actual data acquired from the Donner 280-Crystal Positron Tomograph.
Date:
December 1, 1983
Creator:
Knittel, B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Physical-Chemical Treatment of Tar Sand Processing Wastewater: [Final Report, Tasks 3-5]
The dewatering properties of residuals generated by flotation/foam fractionation treatment of TS-1S wastewater were evaluated. The leachate potential was studied for both chemical coagulation and flotation/foam fractionation sludges. A preliminary economic analysis was made comparing selected sludge disposal options and summarizing previously reported economic analysis of the chemical treatment alternatives.
Date:
November 1983
Creator:
King, Paul H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development of BEACON technology. Quarterly report, October-December 1982
The BEACON process involves the catalytic deposition of a highly reactive form of carbon from a gas stream which contains carbon monoxide. The carbon-depleted gas is combusted with air to produce power, and the carbon is reacted with steam to produce methane or hydrogen. During the quarter both SOHIO and TRW worked on catalysts which would suppress methane formation during steaming thus increasing the amount of hydrogen formed. At SOHIO a C77-K2 catalyst promoted with a Class II compound showed promise in laboratory tests for suppressing methane. At TRW a K-1 unsupported catalyst promoted with 10% of Additive F maintained methane suppression over 30 cycles in laboratory scale tests. Shakedown of the Tandem Reactor Apparatus was completed and testing was initiated under quasi-continuous transfer of solids between reactors. Nine short term tests were performed with K-1 based BEACON solids. The data from these tests indicate that the Tandem Reactor concept is valid and BEACON solids can be transferred efficiently in the fluidized state between the deposition and gasification reactors. A preliminary analysis of the potential of a BEACON combined cycle/hydrogen system with a hydrogen fuel cell has been performed. The BEACON process can be used to coproduce hydrogen and electric …
Date:
April 1, 1983
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Critical Technology List update. Final technical report
ICRC has reviewed and updated its List of critical technology. The List comprises all proposed SRC-I Demonstration Plant equipment whose use has been determined to involve some degree of potential safety, performance, or environmental risk. ICRC has subjected equipment on the Critical Technology c to special technical review to ensure the highest possible level of quality and lowest cost commensurate with acceptable overall risks. Equipment or equipment systems still considered to be high risk are the following: Coal Slurry/Hot Oil Heat Exchangers, Coal Slurry Heaters, Second-Stage Feed Heaters, Vacuum Tower Heater, Vacuum Column, SRC/Light SRC Stripper - CSD, Severe Service Valves, Wastewater Reuse System, and the Solid Waste Disposal System. Equipment systems or pieces of equipment that have been downgraded to a lower risk category are the following: Coal Weigh-Feed System, Coal Slurry Dissolvers, Coal Dissolver Effluent Separator, and LC-Fining Reactors. Finally, ICRC has determined that many types of equipment are no longer Critical Technology, and has therefore removed them from the List.
Date:
March 1, 1983
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Measurement of sin/sup 2/theta/sub w/ in Semileptonic nu Fe and anti nu Fe Interactions
We report results from neutral current scattering of muon neutrinos and antineutrinos on iron nuclei by the CCFRR experiment at Fermilab. Our objective is the measurement of sin/sup 2/theta/sub w/ from inclusive semileptonic neutrino-nucleon interactions. Such a measurement, even though it is subject to more corrections than the analogous measurement in neutrino-electron scattering (e.g. due to the presence of a strange quark sea in the nucleon), has a high degree of statistical accuracy and may afford the most precise test of the standard model of electro-weak interactions. Furthermore, the recent observations of the Z/sup 0/ and W/sup +-/ in proton-antiproton collisions give such a measurement added topical interest. The comparison of sin/sup 2/theta/sub w/ determined from the masses of the Z/sup 0/ and W/sup +-/ and from neutrino interactions, i.e. from different processes and energy regions, may hold some surprises. Finally, the grand-unified theories make definite predictions about the value of sin/sup 2/theta/sub w/ and the lifetime of the proton; sin/sup 2/theta/sub w/ measurements test the validity of these theories. The experiment was performed in Fermilab's dichromatic neutrino beam and utilized a large detector consisting of an iron-scintillator target calorimeter followed by a steel toroidal muon spectrometer.
Date:
October 1983
Creator:
Blair, R. E.; MacFarlane, D. B.; Messner, R. L.; Novikoff, D. B.; Purohit, M. V.; Merritt, F. S. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Second-law efficiency of solar-thermal cavity receivers
Properly quantified performance of a solar-thermal cavity receiver must not only account for the energy gains and losses as dictated by the First Law of thermodynamics, but it must also account for the quality of that energy. However, energy quality can only be determined from the Second Law. In this paper an equation for the Second-Law efficiency of a cavity receiver is derived from the definition of available energy or availability (occassionally called exergy), which is a thermodynamic property that measures the maximum amount of work obtainable when a system is allowed to come into unrestrained equilibrium with the surrounding environment. The fundamental concepts of the entropy and availability of radiation are explored from which a convenient relationship among the reflected cone half angle, the insolation, and the concentrator geometric characteristics is developed as part of the derivation of the Second-Law efficiency. A comparison is made between First- and Second-Law efficiencies around an example of data collected from two receivers that were designed for different purposes. The author attempts to demonstrate that a Second-Law approach to quantifying the performance of a solar-thermal cavity receiver lends greater insight into the total performance than does the conventional First-Law method.
Date:
October 1, 1983
Creator:
Moynihan, P. I.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Spiral kicker for the beam abort system
A brief study was carried out to determine the feasibility of a special kicker to produce a damped spiral beam at the beam dump for the beam abort system. There appears to be no problem with realizing this concept at a reasonably low cost.
Date:
January 1, 1983
Creator:
Martin, R.L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fluidized bed waste heat recovery system. Annual report, 1 October 1981-31 March 1983
An agreement was reached in July 1982 with the Aluminum Company of America regarding the Massena operations in New York. Since that agreement, a specification has been published which characterizes the waste stream and includes ALCOA, DOE and Aerojet design requirements. Installation of the test unit has been engineered in preliminary form by ALCOA in close liaison with Aerojet and details are being established. A subcontract has been awarded for the design and fabrication of the fluid bed heat exchanger. Initial thermal analyses are complete and a preliminary arrangement layout has been started. Materials corrosion tests were conducted by Oak Ridge National Laboratory on samples of fluid bed heat exchanger materials under the range of temperatures expected. Samples included carbon steel, stainless steels and Incoloy. Test atmospheres included hydrogen chloride and chlorine corrosive species. A study was completed of the research and development which would be necessary to raise the gas inlet temperature rating of the heat exchanger above 1100/sup 0/F. This study has been formalized and submitted in a topical report and discussions are ongoing regarding an activity (Task VI) added to the present contract to conduct high temperature R and D work.
Date:
January 1, 1983
Creator:
Williams, H. W. & Unmack, K. E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Microwave measurement test results of circular waveguide components for electron cyclotron resonant heating (ECRH) of the Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade (TMX-U)
Development of high-power components for electron cyclotron resonant heating (ECRH) applications requires extensive testing. In this paper we describe the high-power testing of various circular waveguide components designed for application on the Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade (TMX-U). These include a 2.5-in. vacuum valve, polarizing reflectors, directional couplers, mode converters, and flexible waveguides. All of these components were tested to 200 kW power level with 40-ms pulses. Cold tests were used to determine field distribution. The techniques used in these tests are illustrated. The new high-power test facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is described and test procedures are discussed. We discuss the following test results: efficiency at high power of mode converters, comparison of high power vs low power for waveguide components, and full power tests of the waveguide system. We also explain the reasons behind selection of these systems for use on TMX-U.
Date:
December 1, 1983
Creator:
Williams, C.W.; Rubert, R.R.; Coffield, F.E.; Felker, B.; Stallard, B.W. & Taska, J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Internal R and D task summary report: analytical methods development
International Coal Refining Company (ICRC) conducted two research programs to develop analytical procedures for characterizing the feed, intermediates,and products of the proposed SRC-I Demonstration Plant. The major conclusion is that standard analytical methods must be defined and assigned statistical error limits of precision and reproducibility early in development. Comparing all SRC-I data or data from different processes is complex and expensive if common data correlation procedures are not followed. ICRC recommends that processes be audited analytically and statistical analyses generated as quickly as possible, in order to quantify process-dependent and -independent variables. 16 references, 10 figures, 20 tables.
Date:
July 1, 1983
Creator:
Schweighardt, F.K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Two-stage process for conversion of synthesis gas to high quality transportation fuels. Quarterly report, 8 June-30 September 1983
The design of two large hot-flow models, to be used for slurry bubble-column hydrodynamic studies, is described. Scoping experiments were performed in smaller models to study the effects of feed-gas distributor type, column diameter, and liquid medium on gas holdup and bubble sizes. In addition, a literature review of bubble-column hydrodynamics is presented. Modifications to improve the operation and flexibility of the existing two stage pilot plant have been designed and construction initiated. Also, a sample of reactor-wax was fractionated under vacuum in a laboratory still. 8 figures, 4 tables.
Date:
November 1, 1983
Creator:
Kuo, J.C.W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Ultrafast gated intensifier design for laser fusion x-ray framing applications
A major challenge for laser fusion is the study of the symmetry and the hydrodynamic stability of imploding fuel capsules. Streaked x-radiography, in one space and one time dimension, does not provide sufficient information. Two (spatial) dimensional frames of 10 to 100 ps duration are required with good image quality, minimum geometrical distortion (approximately 1%), dynamic range greater than 1000 and greater than 200 x 200 pixels. A gated transmission line imager (TLI) can meet these requirements with frame times between 30 and 100 ps. An instrument of this type is now being developed. Progress on this instrument including theory of operation, ultrafast pulse generation and propagation, component integration, and high resolution phosphor screen development are presented.
Date:
November 1, 1983
Creator:
Price, R.H.; Wiedwald, J.D.; Kalibjian, R.; Thomas, S.W. & Cook, W.M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Determination of trace impurities in uranium hexafluoride by an inductively coupled argon plasma spectrometer
A procedure has been developed to determine 21 trace impurity elements in uranium hexafluoride, using inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectrometry (ICAP). The method consists of a liquid-liquid extraction to separate uranium from the trace impurities with a mixture of tri-(2-ethyl-hexyl)-phosphate (TEHP) and heptane. The raffinate containing the elements is subsequently analyzed by ICAP. The impurity elements which can be analyzed by this method are: Al, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, Ti, V and Zn.
Date:
January 6, 1983
Creator:
Short, B. W.; Spring, H. S. & Grant, R. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
High performance, suppressed-fission ICF hybrid
The neutronics aspects of an ICF hybrid concept are discussed. The breeding blanket consists of a beryllium neutron multiplier, metallic thorium fertile fuel and a liquid-lithium coolant. The fertile fuel fraction is 30 vol%, which is much higher than previous one-zone, suppressed-fission hybrid concepts. Fission in the bred /sup 233/U is suppressed by competition from tritium breeding reactions in /sup 6/Li. The total breeding ratio, T + F, is 2.05, and the total neutron energy deposited is 41.1 MeV per DT neutron. The 800-MW (fusion) hybrid produces approx. 3500 kg of /sup 233/U per full-power-year.
Date:
December 1, 1983
Creator:
Meier, W. R.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Assessment of the response of spent fuel transports to malevolent acts
This paper describes the results of a program conducted at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) for the US Department of Energy to provide an experimental data base for more accurately assessing the radiological consequences from a hypothetical sabotage attack on a spent fuel shipping cask. The primary objectives of the program were limited to: (1) evaluating the effectiveness of selected high explosive devices (HED) in breaching full-size spent fuel casks, (2) quantifying and characterizing relevant aerosol properties of the released fuel, and (3) using the resulting experimental data to evaluate the radiological health consequences resulting from a hypothetical sabotage attack on a spent fuel shipping cask in a densely populated area. Subscale and full-scale experiments in conjunction with an analytical modeling study were performed to meet the programmatic objectives. The data from this program indicate that the Urban Studies greatly overestimated the impact of malevolent acts directed at spent fuel casks in urban environs. From that standpoint this work could be the basis of additional regulatory revisions of the NRC physical protection requirements. In a larger sense this work can also be the basis of more credible worst case analyses since it defines the actual result of an event which is …
Date:
December 20, 1983
Creator:
Sandoval, R.P.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Thermionic cogeneration burner assessment study performance analysis results
The purpose of this contract was to (1) test and evaluate two of the more important engineering aspects of designing and building thermionic cogeneration burners (TCB's); (2) make a cost and performance estimate of the TCB; and identify and evaluate industries where TCB's could be installed and where that the electrical power (dc) produced by the TCB's would be used directly in the process. The results of the performance analysis are detailed.
Date:
December 1, 1983
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced development of a pressurized ash agglomerating fluidized-bed coal gasification system. Fourth quarter progress report, July 1-September 30, 1982
The overall objective of the Westinghouse coal gasification program is to demonstrate the viability of the Westinghouse pressurized, fluidized bed, gasification system for the production of medium-Btu fuel gas for syngas, electrical power generation, chemical feedstocks, or industrial fuels and to obtain performance and scaleup data for the process and hardware. Technical progress summaries and reports are presented for the following tasks: (1) process development unit (PDU) test operations and results (gasifier test TP-033-1 and maintenance and modifications); (2) process analysis (environmental characterization results, coal gas combustion results, and fines elutriation and consumption results); (3) cold flow scaleup (modifications and maintenance, operations, and data analysis); (4) process and component engineering and design (hot fines recycle modifications, and hot recycled fines); (5) laboratory support studies (gas-solids flow modeling and coal/ash behavior). 23 figures, 23 tables.
Date:
February 17, 1983
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Hawaii basic data for thermal springs and wells as recorded in geotherm
GEOTHERM sample file contains 34 records for Hawaii. The high average ambient air temperature found on the Hawaiian Islands required fluid samples to have a temperature of at least 30/sup 0/C to be included. A computer-generated index is found in appendices A of this report. The index give one line summaries of each GEOTHERM record describing the chemistry of geothermal springs and wells in the sample file for Hawaii. The index is found in appendix A (p. is sorted by county and by the name of the source. Also given are well number (when appropriate), site type (spring, well, fumarole), latitude, longitude (both use decimal minutes), GEOTHERM record identifier, and temperature (/sup 0/C). In conducting a search of Appendix A, site names are quite useful for locating springs or wells for which a specific name is commonly used, but sites which do not have specific names are more difficult to locate.
Date:
July 1, 1983
Creator:
Bliss, J. D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Progress in numerical calculations of ion-atom collisions
An ion-atom collision produces a time dependent perturbation of a many fermion system. In this collision, excitation, ionization and charge transfer can occur. The driving mechanism for these processes may be thought of as the potentials seen by individual electrons at any given separation of the projectile and target nuclei. If we think of these potentials as belonging to the target (a nucleus and electrons) and the projectile (another nucleus and electrons) then as detected by an electron the potentials change because: (a) the target and projectile change position, and (b) electrons on the target and projectile change states. Most work in the past fifty years has concentrated on solving the independent particle model (IPM). Cracks are beginning to appear in this model which only allows for type (a) changes in the potential. But in a short review we shall have quite enough to do in understanding the progress made in the last decade on the IPM. This paper is divided into three parts. The first deals with how to reduce the IPM to the single electron model (SEM). The second is on a new method where charge transfer is important. The third confronts some standard models with modern calculations.
Date:
January 1, 1983
Creator:
Reading, J.F.; Ford, A.L. & Becker, R.L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library