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Enhanced oil recovery by CO/sub 2/ foam flooding. Annual report, October 1, 1982-September 30, 1983 (open access)

Enhanced oil recovery by CO/sub 2/ foam flooding. Annual report, October 1, 1982-September 30, 1983

The objective is to identify commercially available additives which are effective in reducing the mobility of carbon dioxide, CO/sub 2/, thereby improving its efficiency in the recovery of tertiary oil, and which are low enough in cost to be economically attractive. During the past year significant progress has been made in developing a commercial method of reducing the mobility of carbon dioxide in enhanced oil recovery processes. Four basic chemical structures, listed below, appear to show most promise for gas mobility control: (1) ethoxylated adducts of C/sub 8/ - C/sub 14/ linear alcohols; (2) sulfate esters of ethoxylated C/sub 9/ - C/sub 16/ linear alcohols; (3) low molecular weight co-polymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide; and (4) synthetic organic sulfonates. With the exception of the sulfonates, the above types are compatible with normal oil field brines, unaffected by the presence of crude oil and stable under conditions common in a petroleum reservoir. The second significant result during the year involves identification of several sulfonate structures that have high potential for mobility control for carbon dioxide. Commercial sulfonate additives are available that appear optimum for reservoirs where freshwater will be used to inject the surfactant solution. They can also be …
Date: December 22, 1983
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Microcrystalline silicon growth for heterojunction solar cells. Second quarterly report, 1 April 1983-30 June 1983 (open access)

Microcrystalline silicon growth for heterojunction solar cells. Second quarterly report, 1 April 1983-30 June 1983

In this reporting period, a single source of evaporation with B mixed with highly doped Si was used instead of the co-evaporation of separate Si and B sources. The purpose was to reduce possible carbon contamination. The results of both the heterojunction or heteroface structures, however, were similar to last quarter when evaporation was used. The best Voc of the heterojunction was about 460mV and no improvement in Voc in the heteroface structure, was observed; slight Voc degradation occurred. A study of the p m-Si/p c-Si structure showed a negative Voc in many cases. The highest /sup 0/C voltage was up to -150mV. This indicated that the interface properties between the two materials are such that instead of repelling minority carriers from the substrate carrier, collection actually occurred. This structure defeated the purpose, but it might also mean that n-type m-Si could be beneficial and should be included in future study. Another study of cells made in the part of substrates not covered by m-Si resulted in performance lower than the controls. This indicated possible substrate degradation in the process, the extent of which will be studied in the future.
Date: January 1, 1983
Creator: Iles, P. A.; Leung, D. C. & Fang, P. H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Computation of self-consistent 2-D MHD with neutral-beam and bootstrap currents in elongated plasmas (open access)

Computation of self-consistent 2-D MHD with neutral-beam and bootstrap currents in elongated plasmas

The observation of substantial current drive from neutral beam injection (NBI) in TFTR, JET and DIII-D has led to renewed interest in a steady state, non-inductively driven tokamak. The discovery of apparently considerable neoclassical (bootstrap) current in TFTR, makes a steady state device even more attractive since the bootstrap portion of the current could be obtained without additional power input. Motivated by these results, we have developed a code, ACCOME, which self-consistently computes the 2-D MHD equilibrium with the current driven by neutral beams, bootstrap and the electric field. In this paper we first describe some details of the code in the next section and in the subsequent section show some applications to DIII-D and to a possible ITER design.
Date: April 5, 1983
Creator: Devoto, R. S.; Tani, K. & Azumi, M.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Proceedings of the flat-plate solar array project research forum on photovoltaic metallization systems (open access)

Proceedings of the flat-plate solar array project research forum on photovoltaic metallization systems

A Photovoltaic Metallization Research Forum, under the sponsorship of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Flat-Plate Solar Array Project and the US Department of Energy, was held March 16-18, 1983 at Pine Mountain, Georgia. The Forum consisted of five sessions, covering (1) the current status of metallization systems, (2) system design, (3) thick-film metallization, (4) advanced techniques and (5) future metallization challenges. Twenty-three papers were presented.
Date: November 15, 1983
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Technician support for operation and maintenance of large fusion experiments: the tandem mirror experiment upgrade (TMX-U) approach (open access)

Technician support for operation and maintenance of large fusion experiments: the tandem mirror experiment upgrade (TMX-U) approach

As experiments continue to grow in size and complexity, a few technicians will no longer be able to maintain and operate the complete experiment. Specialization is becoming the norm. Subsystems are becoming very large and complex, requiring a great deal of experience and training for technicians to become qualified maintenance/operation personnel. Formal in-house and off-site programs supplement on-the-job training to fulfill the qualification criteria. This paper presents the Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade (TMX-U) approach to manpower staffing, some problems encountered, possible improvements, and safety considerations for the successful operation of a large experimental facility.
Date: December 1, 1983
Creator: Mattson, G.E.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library