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Advanced performance fusion engineering device based on low safety factor and current drive (FED-A) (open access)

Advanced performance fusion engineering device based on low safety factor and current drive (FED-A)

The FED-A study aims to quantify the potential improvement in cost-effectiveness of the Fusion Engineering Device (FED) by assuming low safety factor q at the plasma edge and noninductive current drive. The FED-A performance objectives (ignition, neutron wall load, and power-reactor-like operation) are set to be equal to or better than those of the FED Baseline. The results show that assuming magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) q/sub psi/ (edge) to be 1.8 permits reduction in device size and plasma current and leads to a 30% reduction in direct cost. A closely fitted, 1.5-cm-thick, continuous water-cooled shell made of the copper alloy AMAX-MZC (0.6 Cr, 0.1 Zr, 0.03 Mg) is proposed to provide a 0.5-s time constant, to help avoid disruption when q/sub psi/ passes near 2, and to mitigate disruption impact. The lower hybrid wave current drive in a cyclic density operation is proposed to achieve a quasi-steady-state operation permitting a design with low toroidal loop voltage and a 1000-s burn time.
Date: January 1, 1983
Creator: Peng, Y. K. M. & Rutherford, P. H.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced research in solar-energy storage (open access)

Advanced research in solar-energy storage

The Solar Energy Storage Program at the Solar Energy Research Institute is reviewed. The program provides research, systems analyses, and economic assessments of thermal and thermochemical energy storage and transport. Current activities include experimental research into very high temperature (above 800/sup 0/C) thermal energy storage and assessment of novel thermochemical energy storage and transport systems. The applications for such high-temperature storage are thermochemical processes, solar thermal-electric power generation, cogeneration of heat and electricity, industrial process heat, and thermally regenerative electrochemical systems. The research results for five high-temperature thermal energy storage technologies and two thermochemical systems are described.
Date: January 1, 1983
Creator: Luft, W.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced test accelerator (ATA), a 50 MeV, 10 kA induction linac (open access)

Advanced test accelerator (ATA), a 50 MeV, 10 kA induction linac

The ATA is an induction accelerator designed to produce 70 ns pulses of electrons at currents of 10 kA and energies in excess of 50 MeV. The accelerator is capable of operating at an average rate of 5 Hz or at 1 kHz for ten pulses. The parameters were chosen primarily to provide the experimental basis for advancing the understanding of electron beam propagation physics. The 85 m accelerator has been under construction for the past four years and has adopted mainly an improved version of the ETA technology to satisfy the required parameters. Initial operation of the facility and the energy conversion system from primary power to axial electric field will be described; recent advances in magnetic switching which have been incorporated in the innector will also be discussed.
Date: January 1, 1983
Creator: Reginato, L.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced Test Accelerator (ATA) injector (open access)

Advanced Test Accelerator (ATA) injector

The ATA injector, developed from experience gained from the Experimental Test Accelerator (ETA) linac, has recently been completed. The injector consists of ten 0.25 MV cells that are used to develop 2.5 MV across a single diode gap. The 10 kA beam is extracted from a 500 cm/sup 2/ plasma cathode at average rates of up to 5 Hz and burst rates to 1 kHz. Pulsed power from 20 water filled blumleins is divided and introduced symmetrically through four ports on each cell. All major insulators are fabricated from filled epoxy castings. With these improvements, the ATA injector is smaller than the ETA injector; has a faster pulse response; has lower voltage stress on insulators and higher ultimate performance. Injector characterization tests began in October 1982. These tests include beam current, energy, and emittance measurements.
Date: March 9, 1983
Creator: Jackson, C. H.; Bubp, D. G.; Fessenden, T. J.; Hester, R. E.; Neil, V. K.; Paul, A. C. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced uranium enrichment technologies (open access)

Advanced uranium enrichment technologies

The Advanced Gas Centrifuge and Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation methods are described. The status and potential of the technologies are summarized, the programs outlined, and the economic incentives are noted. How the advanced technologies, once demonstrated, might be deployed so that SWV costs in the 1990s can be significantly reduced is described.
Date: March 10, 1983
Creator: Merriman, R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advances in room-temperature solid-state gamma-ray spectrometry (open access)

Advances in room-temperature solid-state gamma-ray spectrometry

This article presents a review and analysis of different concepts of gamma-ray spectrometry using room-temperature solid-state detectors. The classical approach involving the use of a charge-sensitive preamplifier and attempting to collect all the ionization charge produced by the gamma ray is analyzed and discussed in terms of the charge transport parameters of the most promising compound semiconductor materials. It is concluded that compound semiconductor detector materials having a large disparity between the ..mu.. tau products for electrons and holes (such as HgI/sub 2/ and CdTe) will have rather poor energy resolution if the classical method of spectrometry requiring full charge collection is employed. 30 references.
Date: January 1, 1983
Creator: Iwanczyk, Jan S.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advances in transmission x-ray optics (open access)

Advances in transmission x-ray optics

Recent developments in x-ray optics are reviewed. Specific advances in coded aperture imaging, zone plate lens fabrication, time and space resolved spectroscopy, and CCD x-ray detection are discussed.
Date: January 1, 1983
Creator: Ceglio, N.M.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advantages and limitations of the SETS method. [PWR; BWR] (open access)

Advantages and limitations of the SETS method. [PWR; BWR]

The stability-enchancing two-step (SETS) method has been used successfully in the Transient Reactor Analysis Code (TRAC) for several years. The method consists of a basic semi-implicit step combined with a stabilizer step that, taken together, eliminate the material Courant stability limit associated with standard semi-implicit numerical methods. This approach toward stability requires significantly fewer computational operations than a fully implicit method, but currently maintains the first-order accuracy in space and time of its semi-implicit predecessors.
Date: January 1, 1983
Creator: Mahaffy, J.H.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advantages of spatial and temporal segmentation for detectors at high-luminosity c-w colliders (open access)

Advantages of spatial and temporal segmentation for detectors at high-luminosity c-w colliders

A major detector problem at high energy colliders independent of the luminosity is the ability to resolve particles inside jets. Only in very spacial cases, e.g., UAl W+- production with P/sub T/ = M/sub W//2 will enough of the signal be clear of jets, so that events with tracks in jets can be summarily rejected. Eventually, detectors will have to cope with tracks in jets. The high track density requires good track-pair resolution and efficiency, which implies wire chambers with drift distances of 2 mm or less, independent of the luminosity. The small drift distances required by the jet physics are very helpful at high luminosities since the maximum drift time of 40 nsec limits the pile-up to an average of 2 events at a luminosity of 10/sup 33/ cm/sup -2/sec/sup -1/. The segmentation of calorimeters is also set by jet physics and the desire to resolve and measure collimated jets. Characteristics of some segmented detectors are briefly discussed. (WHK)
Date: January 1, 1983
Creator: Tannenbaum, Michael J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advisory Council for Technical-Vocational Education in Texas Annual Report: 1983 (open access)

Advisory Council for Technical-Vocational Education in Texas Annual Report: 1983

Annual report of the Advisory Council for Technical-Vocational Education in Texas describing goals, activities, and accomplishments during fiscal year 1983
Date: December 31, 1983
Creator: Advisory Council for Technical-Vocational Education in Texas
Object Type: Report
System: The Portal to Texas History
AEM/STEM analysis of vapor-deposited multilayered laser targets (open access)

AEM/STEM analysis of vapor-deposited multilayered laser targets

S(TEM) examinations were made to augment other types of measurements of absolute density. The structure of the 5 ..mu..m thick layers of aluminum and gold on aluminum laminate gold substrate was examined to establish film integrity, to characterize the microstructure, as well as to estimate the surface roughness of this multilayer material.
Date: January 1, 1983
Creator: Johnson, K. A.; Staudhammer, K. P.; Reeves, G. A. & Vesser, L. R.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Aerial Radiological Survey of Area 11, Nevada Test Site (open access)

Aerial Radiological Survey of Area 11, Nevada Test Site

An aerial radiological survey of Area 11's Plutonium Valley was conducted at the Nevada Test Site from 18 to 30 January 1982. Contour maps representing terrestrial exposure rates and soil concentrations of transuranics, /sup 235/U and /sup 137/Cs are presented on an aerial photograph. Inventories of the locale's transuranic and uranium activities are also included.
Date: June 1, 1983
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Aerosol generation from sparging of molten pools of corium by gases released from core-concrete interactions. [PWR; BWR] (open access)

Aerosol generation from sparging of molten pools of corium by gases released from core-concrete interactions. [PWR; BWR]

A model for calculation of the aerosol generation rate resulting from surface bubble rupture during molten core-concrete interactions is discussed. One aspect of the model, based upon previous work in the literature, considers that film rupture occurs due to growth of film oscillation disturbances in the surface liquid film. Calculations are presented for molten pools with liquid properties in the range of prototypic interest.
Date: February 1, 1983
Creator: Ginsberg, T.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Aerosols generated by releases of pressurized powders and solutions in static air (open access)

Aerosols generated by releases of pressurized powders and solutions in static air

Safety assessments and environmental impact statements for nuclear fuel cycle facilities require an estimate of potential airborne releases caused by accidents. Aerosols generated by accidents are being investigated by Pacific Northwest Laboratory to develop the source terms for these releases. An upper boundary accidental release event would be a pressurized release of powder or liquid in static air. Experiments were run using various source sizes and pressures and measuring the mass airborne and the particle size distribution of aerosols produced by these pressurized releases. Two powder and two liquid sources were used: TiO/sub 2/ and depleted uranium dioxide (DUO); and aqueous uranine (sodium fluorescein) and uranyl nitrate solutions. Results of the experiments showed that pressurization level and source size were significant variables for the airborne powder releases. For this experimental configuration, the liquid releases were a function of pressure, but volume did not appear to be a significant variable. During the experiments 100 g and 350 g of DUO (1 ..mu..m dia) and TiO/sub 2/ (1.7 ..mu..m dia) powders and 100 cm/sup 3/ and 350 cm/sup 3/ of uranine and uranyl nitrate solutions were released at pressures ranging from 50 to 500 psig. The average of the largest fractions of …
Date: August 1, 1983
Creator: Sutter, S. L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Aethalometer - an instrument for the real-time measurement of optical absorption by aerosol particles (open access)

Aethalometer - an instrument for the real-time measurement of optical absorption by aerosol particles

We describe an instrument that measures the concentration of optically absorbing aerosol particles in real time. This absorption is normally due to black carbon, which is a good tracer for combustion emission. The minimum resolving times range from seconds in urban environments to minutes in remote locations. We present results obtained during operation on an aircraft. Due to the time resolution capability, we can determine the spatial distributions of absorbing aerosol. From the Greek word for to blacken with soot, we have named this instrument the aethalometer.
Date: August 1, 1983
Creator: Hansen, A.D.A.; Rosen, H. & Novakov, T.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Aging degradation of cast stainless steel: status and program (open access)

Aging degradation of cast stainless steel: status and program

A program has been initiated to investigate the significance of in-service embrittlement of cast duplex stainless steels under light-water reactor operating conditions. The existing data are reviewed to determine the critical parameters that control the aging behavior and to define the objectives and scope of the investigation. The test matrices for microstructural studies and mechanical property measurements are presented. The initial experimental effort is focussed on characterizing the microstructure of long-term, low-temperature aged material. Specimens from three heats of cast CF-8 and CF-8M stainless steel aged for up to 70,000 h at 300, 350, and 400/sup 0/C were obtained from George Fisher Ltd., of Switzerland. Initial analyses reveal the formation of three different types of precipitates which are not ..cap alpha..'. An FCC phase, similar to the M/sub 23/C/sub 6/ precipitates, was present in all the long-term aged material. 15 references, 10 figures, 2 tables.
Date: October 1, 1983
Creator: Chopra, O. K. & Ayrault, G.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Aging of electronics with application to nuclear power plant instrumentation. [PWR; BWR] (open access)

Aging of electronics with application to nuclear power plant instrumentation. [PWR; BWR]

A survey to identify areas of needed research to understand aging mechanisms for electronics in nuclear power plant instrumentation has been completed. The emphasis was on electronic components such as semiconductors, capacitors, and resistors used in safety-related instrumentation in the reactor containment area. The environmental and operational stress factors which may produce degradation during long-term operation were identified. Some attention was also given to humidity effects as related to seals and encapsulants, and failures in printed circuit boards and bonds and solder joints. Results suggest that neutron as well as gamma irradiations should be considered in simulating the aging environment for electronic components. Radiation dose-rate effects in semiconductor devices and organic capacitors need to be further investigated, as well as radiation-voltage bias synergistic effects in semiconductor devices and leakage and permeation of moisture through seals in electronics packages.
Date: January 1, 1983
Creator: Johnson, R. T., Jr.; Thome, F. V. & Craft, C. M.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Aging test results of an asphalt membrane liner (open access)

Aging test results of an asphalt membrane liner

The objective of the asphalt aging study described in this report was to determine the expected performance lifetime of a catalytically airblown asphalt membrane as a seepage barrier for inactive uranium mill tailings. The study, conducted by Pacific Northwest Laboratory for the Department of Energy's Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Program, showed through chemical compatibility tests that the asphalt membrane is well suited for this purpose. The chemical compatibility tests were designed to accelerate the aging reactions in the asphalt and to determine the accelerated aging effect. Higher temperatures and oxygen concentrations proved to be effective acceleration parameters. By infrared spectral analysis, the asphalt was determined to have undergone 7 years of equivalent aging in a 3-month period when exposed to 40/sup 0/C and 1.7 atm oxygen pressure. However, the extent of aging was limited to a maximum penetration of 0.5% of the total liner thickness. It was concluded that the liner could be expected to be effective as a seepage barrier for at least 1000 years before the entire thickness of the liner would be degraded.
Date: July 1, 1983
Creator: Buelt, J. L. & Barnes, S. M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Agricultural Postharvest Technology and Marketing Economics Research (open access)

Agricultural Postharvest Technology and Marketing Economics Research

A technical memorandum by the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) that presents "findings and conclusions regarding the role of the public and private research participants in the PHTME (postharvest technology and marketing economics) research, the benefits and burdens of PHTME research, trends in PHTME research funding, quality of PHTME research, and management of PHTME research in the public sector (p. iii).
Date: May 1983
Creator: United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
AGS new fast extraction system and the single bunch extraction test (open access)

AGS new fast extraction system and the single bunch extraction test

For the neutrino physics program and for the CBA injection, a new fast extraction system has been implemented to improve the extraction efficiency and the quality of the extracted beam. Central to the new system is a new fast kicker, placed at the H5 straight section, capable of rising between bunches, t/sub r/ < 170 nsec, and staying constant for 2.6 ..mu..sec with flat top ripple less than +-1.5%. So far, the system has been operated for longer than 3000 hours and routinely extracts 10/sup 13/ ppp at 99% efficiency. Experiment 745 on QCD test requires a single AGS bunch of 40 nsec. For this purpose another fast kicker was placed at the E5 straight section and powered by a new pulser to produce a half sinusoidal pulse with both a rise and fall time of 200 nsec. A single AGS bunch was extracted through the slow beam channel at 22 GeV/c leaving the remaining 11 bunches undisturbed which continued to be accelerated to 29.4 GeV/c and extracted by the H5 kicker through the fast beam channel. Because the ring circumference ratio of CBA to the AGS is 4-3/4, some of the injected beam from the AGS has to contain …
Date: January 1, 1983
Creator: Weng, W. T.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
AGS polarized proton project (open access)

AGS polarized proton project

At the end of this year, polarized H/sup -/ beam will be injected into the AGS, where it will be stripped and subsequently accelerated to 26 GeV/c. 20 keV polarized H/sup -/ are produced in an ion source working at ground potential by colliding polarized H/sup 0/ with cesium beams and 12 ..mu..A of H/sup -/ have already been achieved in 0.5 ms pulses. 20 keV beam is transported to an RFQ linac where it is accelerated to 750 keV. 750 keV LEBT line matches the RFQ output emittance to the acceptance of the existing 200 MeV linac to reach the desired AGS injection energy. The degree of polarization will depend critically on how well we can cross some 30 depolarizing resonances in the AGS. They can be divided into two types: (1) intrinsic resonances due to natural periodicity of the AGS will be crossed in less than one revolution (approx. 2 ..mu..s) by a fast tune jump generated by 12 fast quadrupoles and their modulators, and (2) imperfection resonances due to magnet misalignment will be minimized by generating harmonic correction using 96 existing dipole magnets. In addition, all existing AGS multipoles will be programmed to tailor the tune and …
Date: January 1, 1983
Creator: Halama, H.J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
AGS Vacuum Losses For Au79+ (open access)

AGS Vacuum Losses For Au79+

None
Date: December 8, 1983
Creator: Young, G. R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library

Agua Fria Mountain Quadrangle

Topographic map of a portion of Texas from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) project. The map includes towns, historic or notable sites, bodies of water, and other geologic features. Scale 1:24,000
Date: 1983
Creator: Geological Survey (U.S.)
Object Type: Map
System: The Portal to Texas History
Air-stable reference material for measurement of the oxygen-to-metal (O/M) ratio of nuclear fuel (open access)

Air-stable reference material for measurement of the oxygen-to-metal (O/M) ratio of nuclear fuel

As a reference material for the oxygen-to-metal (O/M) ratio of nuclear oxide fuel, pellets prepared by calcining powder blends of titanium suboxide and thorium oxide in hydrogen atmosphere have desirable features of controllable O/M-ratio values, long-term stability in air, absence of plutonium, and high resistance to fracture. Under the conditions of the O/M-ratio measurement method of heating 800 to 900/sup 0/C in an atmosphere of 6% hydrogen - 94% helium containing water vapor, the titanium suboxide oxidizes stoichiometrically to titanium dioxide. Pellets have been prepared having O/M-ratio values equivalent to values of 1.94 to 1.98 for 3/1 uranium/plutonium mixed-oxide fuel, and have been used effectively for calibration and quality-control surveillance of an automated, predictive-thermogravimetric analyzer being developed by the Hanford Engineering Development Laboratory.
Date: January 1, 1983
Creator: Hammond, C.F.; Honnell, R.E. & Rein, J.E.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library