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3-10 keV and 0. 1- to 2-MeV observations of four gamma-ray bursts
Four catalogued ..gamma..-ray bursts that occurred between 79/3/7 and 79/7/31 have been observed over the 3 to 10 keV range by a joint NRL/Los Alamos experiment on the Air Force P78-1 satellite. The bursts were also well observed by members of the interplanetary network. In this paper we present hardness ratios, x-ray/..gamma..-ray luminosity ratios, and time histories. The most significant results presented herein can be summarized as follows: (1) gamma-ray bursters can emit fairly strongly at x-ray energies near the time of the ..gamma.. burst with L/sub x//L/sub ..gamma../ approx. .02 (L/sub x/ approx. 10/sup 37/ ergs s/sup -1/, 3 to 10 keV, assuming a distance of 1 kpc); (2) the centroid of the x-ray emission generally lags the ..gamma..-ray centroid, but there is also evidence for one or more types of x-ray precursor activity; (3) the ..gamma..-ray hardness ratios were not highly variable for these particular events. However, there is some evidence that the ..gamma..-ray spectra softened near the ends of the bursts when the x-ray/..gamma..-ray ratios were high; (4) the x-ray/..gamma..-ray power law number index during times of the strongest ..gamma..-ray emission ranged from 0.8 to approx. 1.1 for the four bursts; (5) the x-ray tail of GB790307 …
Date:
January 1, 1983
Creator:
Laros, J. G.; Evans, W. D.; Fenimore, E. E.; Klebesadel, R. W.; Shulman, S. & Fritz, G.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
3-D resistive MHD calculations for tokamak plasmas: beyond the simple reduced set of equations
Numerical studies of the resistive stability of tokamak plasmas in cylindrical geometry have been performed using: (1) the full set of resistive Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations and (2) an extended version of the reduced set of resistive MHD equations including diamagnetic and electron temperature effects. In particular, the nonlinear interaction of tearing modes of many helicities has been investigated. The numerical results confirm many of the features uncovered previously using the simple reduced equations.
Date:
January 1, 1983
Creator:
Carreras, B. A.; Garcia, L.; Hender, T. C.; Hicks, H. R.; Holmes, J. A.; Lynch, V. E. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
10-GeV heavy-ion collider
This paper presents a brief report on a study for a relativistic heavy-ion collider covering an energy span from 1 GeV on 1 GeV to 10 GeV on 10 GeV. This energy range was selected as most appropriate for exploitation of the baryon-rich region of relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions. The study was done prior to the Wells College meeting of the NSAC Long-Range Plan Working Group which recommended a collider with tip energy of 30 GeV on 30 GeV. The present work has not been modified to reflect this higher top energy but some remarks will be made at the end about changes needed to reach these energies. The basic elements of the facility would remain much the same.
Date:
January 1, 1983
Creator:
Young, G. R.; Martin, J. A. & Ball, J. B.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
30-MJ SMES system operating experience: November 1982-June 1983
This paper describes performance measurements on the dewar, coil, and cryogenic system for the 30-MJ superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) unit that has recently been tested at a Bonneville Power Administration substation in Tacoma, Washington. The cryostat, the world's largest fiber-reinforced plastic, open-mouthed dewar, boils off 12 l/h in accordance with previous calculations. Cyclic losses in the coil, 54 W for +-8.4-MW modulation at 1 Hz, are approximately 50% greater than calculated. Refrigerator capacity is adequate to handle the heat produced by the average modulation demand on the coil.
Date:
January 1, 1983
Creator:
Schermer, R.I.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
30-MJ Superconducting Magnetic-Energy-Storage Stabilizing System: An Overview
The 30-MJ superconducting magnetic-energy-storage (SMES) system was devised as an alternate means to modulate the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) Pacific AC Intertie, a part of the Western US Power System, to prevent undamped power oscillations at 0.35 Hz that were observed to be associated with high power transmission. The SMES system was installed at the BPA Tacoma Substation and successfully operated as an experimental device to initiate tests to determine power system dynamics, to investigate their variability, to assess system response to SMES modulation with a major variable load, and to use SMES to develop stability-control techniques. The system has been operated at frequencies of 0.1 to 1.0 Hz at power levels of +- 8.3 MW with a parallel modulation of the converter bridges and up to 9.5 MW reactive power together with +- 4.5 MW real power in constant VAR mode with buck-boost modulation of the bridges. The coil has been charged at a maximum rate of 11.8 MW. Operation of the SMES system is now under BPA jurisdiction, and all hardware has been transferred to BPA.
Date:
January 1, 1983
Creator:
Roger, J. D.; Boenig, H. J.; Dean, J. W.; Schermer, R. I.; Annestrand, S. A.; Hauer, J. F. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
85,000-GPM, single-stage, single-suction LMFBR intermediate centrifugal pump
The mechanical and hydraulic design features of the 85,000-gpm, single-stage, single-suction pump test article, which is designed to circulate liquid-sodium coolant in the intermediate heat-transport system of a Large-Scale Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor (LS-LMFBR), are described. The design and analytical considerations used to satisfy the pump performance and operability requirements are presented. The validation of pump hydraulic performance using a hydraulic scale-model pump is discussed, as is the featute test for the mechanical-shaft seal system.
Date:
January 1, 1983
Creator:
Fair, C.E.; Cook, M.E. Huber, K.A. & Rohde, R.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
150-kW, 450-MHz gyrocon rf generator
The output-power and conversion efficiency of the Los Alamos gyrocon were increased by a factor of 150 in the past year. Major improvements in the phase- and amplitude-control system and in understanding the electron multipactor and surface-conditioning processes increased the output power. The highest measured efficiency on this gyrocon is 23%, which was obtained with several combinations of parameters. Both the output power and the efficiency are a factor of 3 below the design values, and several possibilities are being examined to remove the discrepancy between theory and experiment.
Date:
January 1, 1983
Creator:
Tallerico, P.J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
185-MeV injector design for the ANL 4-GeV microtron project
The injector starts with a 5 MeV preinjector followed by an 18 MeV S-band linac. The 23 MeV electrons are transported and injected into a Racetrack Microtron via a 10/sup 0/ achromatic bend system. Twenty-seven turns are used to boost the energy to 185 MeV. Reverse-field stripes on the 180/sup 0/ end magnets and quadrupole focussing on the return paths maintain a matched-dispersion free beam with transverse ..beta..= 5.0 m in the center of the 4.6 m long linac. The beam is recirculated outside of the RTM linac to shear the longitudinal phase-space ellipse before extraction. The extracted beam is transported and injected into the six-sided microtron at 185 MeV.
Date:
January 1, 1983
Creator:
Colton, E.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
240-kA switch with potential application in electromagnetic-launch systems
Electromagnetic (EM) launchers have severe switching requirements. Switching demands for railgun systems, for instance, inlcude current conduction from hundreds of kA to a few MA, conduction times of a ms to a few s, standoff voltages as high as a few tens of kV, to rcovery voltages of 1 to 10 kV after conduction, opening and closing duty, and repetitive operation up to about 50 Hz. These demands, particularly for repetitive opening duty, are far beyond the capability of most current switches and switching concepts. This paper will review the performance of rod array triggered vacuum gap (RATVG) switches and discuss their potential for solving switching problems in EM launcher systems. A new mode of operation for the RATVG switch is proposed. Fundamental considerations for the operation of opening switches and their associated transfer circuits are presented. Methods of recovering the railgun's inductive energy to enable efficient repetitive operation are discussed and new circuits with such capability are proposed.
Date:
January 1, 1983
Creator:
Honig, E. M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
1982 annual report: Biomass Thermochemical Conversion Program
This report provides a brief overview of the Thermochemical Conversion Program's activities and major accomplishments during fiscal year 1982. The objective of the Biomass Thermochemical Conversion Program is to generate scientific data and fundamental biomass converison process information that, in the long term, could lead to establishment of cost effective processes for conversion of biomass resources into clean fuels and petrochemical substitutes. The goal of the program is to improve the data base for biomass conversion by investigating the fundamental aspects of conversion technologies and exploring those parameters which are critical to these conversion processes. To achieve this objective and goal, the Thermochemical Conversion Program is sponsoring high-risk, long-term research with high payoff potential which industry is not currently sponsoring, nor is likely to support. Thermochemical conversion processes employ elevated temperatures to convert biomass materials into energy. Process examples include: combustion to produce heat, steam, electricity, direct mechanical power; gasification to produce fuel gas or synthesis gases for the production of methanol and hydrocarbon fuels; direct liquefaction to produce heavy oils or distillates; and pyrolysis to produce a mixture of oils, fuel gases, and char. A bibliography of publications for 1982 is included.
Date:
January 1, 1983
Creator:
Schiefelbein, G. F.; Stevens, D. J. & Gerber, M. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
1983 annual report on Alaska's mineral resources. Geological Survey Circular 908
This report describes activity during 1982 in Alaska relating to oil and gas, uranium, coal and peat, geothermal resources, and non-fuel, critical and strategic minerals. (ACR)
Date:
January 1, 1983
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
24th Annual Report
The ACIR Library is composed of publications that study the interactions between different levels of government. This document is an annual report.
Date:
January 1983
Creator:
United States. Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations.
Object Type:
Book
System:
The UNT Digital Library
2D accelerator design for SITEX negative ion source
Solving the Poisson-Vlasov equations where the magnetic field, B, is assumed constant, we optimize the optical system of a SITEX negative ion source in infinite slot geometry. Algorithms designed to solve the above equations were modified to include the curved emitter boundary data appropriate to a negative ion source. Other configurations relevant to negative ion sources are examined.
Date:
January 1, 1983
Creator:
Whealton, J. H.; Raridon, R. J.; McGaffey, R. W.; McCollough, D. H.; Stirling, W. L. & Dagenhart, W. K.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
5f state interaction with inner coordination sphere ligands: einsteinium 3+ ion fluorescence in aqueous and organic phases
The interaction between 5f electron states of einsteinium 3+ ion and coordinated ligands in solution has been probed using laser-induced fluorescence. Aquo einsteinium 3+ ion was observed to fluoresce from its first excited J = 5 state in a broad-band peaking at 9260 wavenumbers. The observed fluorescence lifetimes were 1.05 microseconds and 2.78 microseconds in H/sub 2/O and D/sub 2/O (99+ % D atom), respectively. The non-radiative decay rates derived from the lifetime data are compared with previously reported data for Cm, Sm, Eu, Tb, and Dy aquo 3+ ions. The 5f actinide states exhibit substantially greater non-radiative decay rates than do lanthanide 4f states of similar energy gap. This provides evidence that actinide 5f electrons interact more strongly with their inner coordination sphere than do lanthanide ion 4f electrons. The fluorescence lifetime of einsteinium 3+ ion complexed with 1 formal di(2-ethylhexyl)orthophosphoric acid in h-heptane was 2.34 microseconds. 3 figures, 1 table.
Date:
January 1, 1983
Creator:
Beitz, James V.; Wester, Dennis W. & Williams, Clayton W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Abundance of Brown Shrimp (Penaeus aztecus) as Related to the 1982 Closure of the Texas Territorial Sea to Shrimping
The report documents the rationale behind the recommendation for the 1982 dates of closing and opening the Texas territorial sea to shrimping and determine the relative abundance of juvenile brown shrimp in Texas bays during 1981-1982.
Date:
1983
Creator:
Bryan, C. E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Acceleration of heavy ions in the AGS
It is possible to use the Brookhaven AGS as a heavy ion machine by adding a cyclotron to the Tandem and using this combination as injector. An intermediate step for lighter ions might consist of injecting the Tandem beam directly into the AGS. In either case, quite high intensities should be possible.
Date:
January 1, 1983
Creator:
Barton, M. Q.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Acceleration of heavy ions in the AGS and CBA
A plan has been developed to inject ion beams from the Brookhaven Tandem or a cyclotron added to the Tandem into the AGS. This beam could then be injected into a relativistic heavy ion collider. The availability of many CBA components adds to the attractiveness of this proposal.
Date:
January 1, 1983
Creator:
Barton, M. Q.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Accelerator breeder: a viable option for the production of nuclear fuels
Despite the growing pains of the US nuclear power industry, our dependence on nuclear energy for the production of electricity and possibly process heat is likely to increase dramatically over the next few deacades. This statement dismisses fusion as being entirely too speculative to be practical within that time frame. Sometime, between the years 2000 and 2050, fissile material will be in short supply whether it is to fuel existing LWR's or to provide initial fuel inventory for FBR's. The accelerator breeder could produce the fuel shortfall predicted to occur during the first half of the 21st century. The accelerator breeder offers the only practical means today of producing, or breeding, large quantities of fissile fuel from fertile materials, albeit at high cost. Studies performed over the last few years at Chalk River Laboratory and at Brookhaven National Laboratory have demonstrated that the accelerator breeder is practical, technically feasible with state-of-the-art technology, and is economically competitive with any other proposed synthetic means of fissile fuel production. This paper gives the parameters of a nearly optimized accelerator-breeder system, then discusses the development needs, and the economics and institutional problems that this breeding concept faces.
Date:
January 1, 1983
Creator:
Grand, P.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Accelerator breeder with uranium, thorium target
An accelerator breeder, that uses a low-enriched fuel as the target material, can produce substantial amounts of fissile material and electric power. A study of H/sub 2/O- and D/sub 2/O-cooled, UO/sub 2/, U, (depleted U), or thorium indicates that U-metal fuel produces a good fissile production rate and electrical power of about 60% higher than UO/sub 2/ fuel. Thorium fuel has the same order of magnitude as UO/sub 2/ fuel for fissile-fuel production, but the generating electric power is substantially lower than in a UO/sub 2/ reactor. Enriched UO/sub 2/ fuel increases the generating electric power but not the fissile-material production rate. The Na-cooled breeder target has many advantages over the H/sub 2/O-cooled breeder target.
Date:
January 1, 1983
Creator:
Takahashi, H.; Powell, J. & Kouts, H.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Accounting for Time Dependent Source Variations in Surveillance Dosimetry Analysis
One of the difficulties encountered in the calculation of dosimetry reaction rates is how to account for the time dependent behavior of the core source during the irradiation period. Indeed, even the obtaining of this source time dependence in adequate detail is not a trivial task. The straightforward approach of performing a DOT4 or similar transport calculation for each new relative source distribution, although correct, might be prohibitively expensive and time consuming when the irradiation period spans one or more complete fuel cycles, as it normally does. An alternative approach exists in the generation of a set of adjoint fluxes using DOT4 in the adjoint mode. Equations necessary for using adjoint approach on the Arkansas-1 reactor are presented.
Date:
January 1, 1983
Creator:
Maerker, R.E. & Williams, M.L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Accretion Disks
Derivations are made for the mass and the mass-turnover time scale of an accretion disk as a function of the accretion rate, the observed disk radius, the non-viscous disk radius, and two parameters. These parameters depend on the effectiveness of viscosity and tidal angular momentum loss. Application is made to DQ Herculis.
Date:
January 1, 1983
Creator:
Sparks, Warren M. & Kutter, G.Siegfried
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Accuracy of external personnel dosimetry systems in mixed neutron and gamma radiation fields
Estimates of biological effects associated with exposure to external radiation fields are generally based on the measured response of passive personnel dosimetry systems to the incident radiation. The increasing number of persons occupationally exposed to mixed neutron and gamma fields and recent questions concerning the relative biological hazards of different types of radiation have emphasized the need for accurate personnel radiation dose measurements. The performance characteristics of various neutron and gamma personnel dosimetry systems under actual mixed-field conditions have been determined. Analysis of the results indicates that significant inaccuracies can occur in neutron and gamma dose measurements in mixed radiation fields unless dosimeter performance and characteristics of the monitoring environment are considered in dosimeter evaluation. Neutron dose measurement accuracies could be improved by using dosimeters more suited to the anticipated radiation fields, calibrating dosimeters with sources appropriate for the energy spectra to be measured, applying correction factors to account for dosimeter performance in incident radiation fields, and standardizing the basis of reported dose equivalents. With regard to gamma monitoring, intercomparison results indicate that the selection of a basic dosimeter type which is relatively insensitive to neutrons is of great importance for accurate dose measurements in mixed fields.
Date:
January 1, 1983
Creator:
Swaja, R. E.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Acquisition systems for heat transfer measurement
Practical heat transfer data acquisition systems are normally characterized by the need for high-resolution, low-drift, low-speed recording devices. Analog devices such as strip chart or circular recorders and FM analog magnetic tape have excellent resolution and work well when data will be presented in temperature versus time format only and need not be processed further. Digital systems are more complex and require an understanding of the following components: digitizing devices, interface bus types, processor requirements, and software design. This paper discusses all the above components of analog and digital data acquisition, as they are used in current practice. Additional information on thermocouple system analysis will aid the user in developing accurate heat transfer measuring systems.
Date:
January 1, 1983
Creator:
De Witt, R.J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Actinide Behavior in a Freshwater Pond
Long-term investigations of solution chemistry in an alkaline freshwater pond have revealed that actinide oxidation state behavior, particularly that of plutonium, is complex. The Pu(V,VI) fraction was predominant in solution, but it varied over the entire range reported from other natural aquatic environments, in this case, as a result of intrinsic biological and chemical cycles (redox and pH-dependent phenomena). A strong positive correlation between plutonium (Pu), but not uranium (U), and hydroxyl ion over the observation period, especially when both were known to be in higher oxidation states, was particularly notable. Coupled with other examples of divergent U and Pu behavior, this result suggests that Pu(V), or perhaps a mixture of Pu(V,VI), was the prevalent oxidation state in solution. Observations of trivalent actinide sorption behavior during an algal bloom, coupled with the association with a high-molecular weight (nominally 6000 to 10,000 mol wt) organic fraction in solution, indicate that solution-detritus cycling of organic carbon, in turn, may be the primary mechanism in amercium-curium (Am-Cm) cycling. Sorption by sedimentary materials appears to predominate over other factors controlling effective actinide solubility and may explain, at least partially, the absence of an expected strong positive correlation between carbonate and dissolved U. 49 references, …
Date:
January 1, 1983
Creator:
Trabalka, J. R.; Bogle, M. A. & Scott, T. G.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library