This study determined the frequency statistics of personnel contaminations in 200 Area facilities. These statistics are utilized in probability calculations for contamination risks, and are part of an effort to provide reliable information for use in safety studies. Data for this analysis were obtained from the 200 Area and the Tritium Area Fault Tree Data Banks and were analyzed with the aid of the STATPAC computer code.

An ion-cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) heating system has been installed in the Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade (TMX-U) central cell. Our initial objective is to heat low density ions in the near field of the antenna. This heating reduces the collisionality of central cell ions, which decreases the filling rate of the thermal barrier by passing ions from the central cell. From power- and particle-balance calculations, we determined that 60 kW of absorbed power is sufficient to heat plasma densities of up to 2 x 10/sup 12/ cm/sup -3/. These power requirements are consistent with ion heating results from the Phaedrus tandem mirror. Based on this, we have installed a 200-kW oscillator/power amplifier, tunable to as low as 1.5 MHz. It drives a 110/sup 0/, 9 1/2-turn loop antenna that has a commercially built Faraday shield and matching network. The system has been tuned with plasma and is being used for the initial heating studies at the ion-cyclotron frequency ..omega../sub ci/.

These studies indicate that ICRF transition pumping is feasible in the TMX-U experiment using moderate frequencies and power levels. Some degree of latitude must be included in the final design to compensate the rough calculations. The possibility of coupling near 2 ..omega../sub ci/ is attractive but awaits a clearer exposition of the theory and an adequate computer code.

Experiments have begun on the Tandem Mirror Experiment Upgrade (TMX-U) using electron-cyclotron resonant heating (ECRH) to generate the hot electron populations required for thermal barrier operation (Energy E/sub eh/ approx. 50 keV, density n/sub eh/ < 5 x 10/sup 12/, and hot-to-cold fraction n/sub eh/n approx. 0.9). For this operation, rf power produced by 28-GHz gyrotrons is injected with extraordinary mode polarization at both fundamental and second harmonic locations. Our initial experiments, which concentrated on startup of the hot electrons, were carried out at low density (< 1 x 10/sup 12/ cm/sup -3/) where Fokker-Planck calculations predict high heating efficiency when the electron temperature (T/sub e/) is low. Under these conditions, we produced substantial hot electron populations (diamagnetic energy > 400 J, E/sub eh/ in the range of 15 to 50 keV, and n/sub eh//n > 0.5).

For MFTF-B, the plasma diagnostics system is expected to grow from a collection of 12 types of diagnostic instruments, initially producing about 1 Megabyte of data per shot, to an expanded set of 22 diagnostics producing about 8 Megabytes of data per shot. To control these diagnostics and acquire and process the data, a system design has been developed which uses an architecture similar to the supervisory/local-control computer system which is used to control other MFTF-B subsystems. This paper presents an overview of the hardware and software that will control and acquire data from the plasma diagnostics system. Data flow paths from the instruments, through processing, and into final archived storage will be described. A discussion of anticipated data rates, including anticipated software overhead at various points of the system, is included, along with the identification of possible bottlenecks. A methodology for processing of the data is described, along with the approach to handle the planned growth in the diagnostic system. Motivations are presented for various design choices which have been made.

A study is made of the transients caused by the fast dump of large superconducting coils. Theoretical analysis, computer simulation, and actual measurements are used. Theoretical analysis can only be applied to the simplest of models. In the computer simulations two models are used, one in which the coil is divided into ten segments and another in which a single coil is employed. The circuit breaker that interrupts the current to the power supply, causing a fast dump, is represented by a time and current dependent conductance. Actual measurements are limited to measurements made incidental to performance tests on the MFTF Yin-yang coils. It is found that the breaker opening time is the critical factor in determining the size and shape of the transient. Instantaneous opening of the breaker causes a lightly damped transient with large amplitude voltages to ground. Increasing the opening time causes the transient to become a monopulse of decreasing amplitude. The voltages at the external terminals are determined by the parameters of the external circuit. For fast opening times the frequency depends on the dump resistor inductance, the circuit capacitance, and the amplitude on the coil current. For slower openings the dump resistor inductance and the …

The Supervisory Control and Diagnostics System (SCDS) of MFTF is a multiprocessor computer system using graphics oriented displays with touch sensitive panels as the primary operator interface. Late in the calendar year 1981 the system was used to control an integrated test of the vacuum vessel, vacuum system, cryogenics system and the superconducting magnet of MFTF. Since the completion of those tests and starting in early calendar 1983 the system has been used for control of the neutral beam test facility at LLNL. This paper presents a short overview of SCDS for the purpose of orientation and then proceeds to describe the difficulties encountered in these preliminary encounters with reality. The band-aids used to hold things together as disaster threatened as well as the long-term solutions to the problems will be discussed. Finally, we will present some comments on system costs and management philosophy.

The Energy Saver Safety Analysis Report (SAR) found the tunnel oxygen deficiency considerations emphasized helium spills. These reports concluded the helium quickly warms and because of its low denisty, rises to the apex of the tunnel. The oxygen content below the apex and in all but the immediate vicinity of the helium spill is essentially unchanged and guarantees an undisturbed source of oxygen especially important to fallen personnel. In contrast nitrogen spills warm slower than helium due to the ratio of the enthalpy changes per unit volume spilled spread more uniformly across the tunnel cross-section when warmed because of the much smaller density difference with air, and generally provides a greater hazard than helium spills as a result. In particular there was concern that personnel that might fall to the floor for oxygen deficiency or other reasons might find less, and not more, oxygen with dire consequences. The SAR concluded tunnel nitrogen spills were under-investigated and led to this work.

We have examined the effect of fission-spectrum neutrons from the JANUS reactor at Argonne National Laboratory, delivered either as acute or protracted irradiation, on the incidence of neoplastic transformation in the C3H 1OT1/2 mouse embryo cell line. Acute exposures were delivered at 10 to 38 rads/min, protracted exposures at 0.086 or 0.43 rad/min. The total doses for both ranged from 2.4 to 350 rads. In the low dose region (2.4 to 80 rads), there was a large enhancement in transformation frequency when the neutrons were delivered at the low dose rates compared with the high dose rates, but the survival of the cells was not significantly different between the two exposure conditions. Analysis of the initial parts of the curves shows that the regression line for protracted doses is about 9 times steeper than that for single acute exposures. Finally, the possibility is discussed that an error-prone repair process may be causing the enhanced transformation frequency by protracted neutron exposures. 12 references, 2 figures, 1 table.

The Seismic Safety Margins Research Program (SSMRP) is developing a complete fully coupled analysis procedure (including methods and computer codes) for estimating the risk of an earthquake-induced radioactive release from a commercial nuclear power plant. The analysis procedure is based upon a state-of-the-art evaluation of the current seismic analysis and design process and explicitly accounts for uncertainties inherent in such a process. In Phase I, the seismic input, the soil-structure interaction, dynamic response of structures and subsystems, and fragility were developed and combined using a probabilistic computational procedure. Demonstration calculations were completed for the Zion nuclear power plant. In Phase II, presently ongoing, additional models, improvements to existing models, and improvements to the probabilistic computational assessment of Zion have been developed. Local site amplification has significant effect on structural response and is a major source of uncertainty. As part of the final Zion analysis in Phase II, an assessment of the local site effect at the Zion site was made using new time histories modified for the Zion soil conditions. In this paper, we briefly describe the approach used to correct the seismic hazard curve and time histories developed in Phase I for local site effects and discuss in some …

The gasdynamic partial differential equations (PDE&#x27;s) governing the motion of an ablatively accelerated target (rocket) contain an inertial force term that arises mathematically from acceleration of the reference frame in which the PDE&#x27;s are written, and more physically from the requirement that part of the ablated mass (the deflagration wave zone) needs to be accelerated along with the unablated mass (payload). We give a simple, intuitive description of this effect, and estimate its magnitude and parametric dependences by means of approximate analytical formulas inferred from our computer hydrocode calculations. Often this inertial term is negligible, but for problems in the areas of laser fusion and laser equation of state studies we find that it can reduce the attainable hydrodynamic efficiency of acceleration and implosion by up to 25% for typical conditions.

The history of the magnetic-mirror approach to a fusion reactor is primarily the history of our understanding and control of several crucial physics issues, coupled with progress in the technology of heating and confining a reacting plasma. The basic requirement of an MHD-stable plasma equilibrium was achieved following the early introduction of minimum-B multipolar magnetic fields. In refined form, the same magnetic-well principle carries over to our present experiments and to reactor designs. The higher frequency microinstabilities, arising from the non-Maxwellian particle distributions inherent in mirror machines, have gradually come under control as theoretical prescriptions for distribution functions have been applied in the experiments. Even with stability, the classical plasma leakage through the mirrors posed a serious question for reactor viability until the principle of electrostatic axial stoppering was applied in the tandem mirror configuration. Experiments to test this principle successfully demonstrated the substantial improvement in confinement predicted. Concurrent with advances in mirror plasma physics, development of both high-power neutral beam injectors and high-speed vacuum pumping techniques has played a crucial role in ongoing experiments. Together with superconducting magnets, cryogenic pumping, and high-power radiofrequency heating, these technologies have evolved to a level that extrapolates readily to meet the requirements of …

Symmetric impact shock Hugoniot measurements have been made on Ta with an electrically exploded foil gun system. The results obtained to date for the Hugoniot of Ta cover the range 0.19 to 0.78 TPa (impact velocities from 4.0 to 9.7 km/s) and agree with data obtained by other researchers to within 2.7% rms. Recent improvements in the system include electromagnetic shielding of impactor and target, continuous measurement of impactor velocity with a Fabry-Perot interferometer and computer-aided analysis of shot film. Conservative extrapolation from current operating conditions indicate that pressures of 1.1 to 1.5 TPa could be achieved with little difficulty.

The Physical Data Group of the Theoretical Physics Division of LLNL has developed and maintains several basic data files, several Monte Carlo transport codes, and the requisite processing codes that convert the basic data to the form required by our own transport codes and by other laboratory transport and burn codes. The data files (libraries) that we maintain are listed together with a few comments about each.

Viewgraphs are presented that describe the Three Mile Island-2 reactor; the severe accident in the reactor; activity levels following the accident; and estimated costs associated with the accident.

In a well managed project, Quality Assurance is an integral part of the management activities performed on a daily basis. Management assures successful performance within budget and on schedule by using all the good business, scientific, engineering, quality assurance, and safety practices available. Quality assurance and safety practices employed on Nova are put in perspective by integrating them into the overall function of good project management. The Nova assurance management system was developed using the quality assurance (QA) approach first implemented at LLNL in early 1978. The LLNL QA program is described as an introduction to the Nova assurance management system. The Nova system is described pictorially through the Nova configuration, subsystems and major components, interjecting the QA techniques which are being pragmatically used to assure the successful completion of the project.

Extensive use of electron cyclotron resonant heating (ECRH) in the Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade (TMX-U) requires continuous development of components to improve efficiency, increase reliability, and deliver power to new locations with respect to the plasma. We have used rectangular waveguide components on the experiment and have developed, tested, and installed circular waveguide components. We replaced the rectangular with the circular components because of the greater transmission efficiency and power-handling capability of the circular ones. Design, fabrication, and testing of all components are complete for all systems. In this paper we describe the design criteria for the system.

The electron-cyclotron-resonant heating (ECRH) systems of rectangular waveguides on Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade (TMX-U) operated with a overall efficiency of 50%, each system using a 28-GHz, 200-kW pulsed gyrotron. We designed and built four circular-waveguide systems with greater efficiency and greater power-handling capabilities to replace the rectangular waveguides. Two of these circular systems, at the 5-kG second-harmonic heating locations, have a total transmission efficiency of >90%. The two systems at the 10-kG fundamental heating locations have a total transmission efficiency of 80%. The difference in efficiency is due to the additional components required to launch the microwaves in the desired orientation and polarization with respect to magnetic-field lines at the 10-kG points. These systems handle the total power available from each gyrotron but do not have the arcing limitation problem of the rectangular waveguide. Each system requires several complex components. The overall physical layout and the design considerations for the rectangular and circular waveguide components are described here.

A Co-57 based XRFA system has been installed on-line at ICPP to monitor uranium concentrations after first cycle decontamination. A small, medium, or large collimator is used to restrict fission product (fp) background count rates. Using two 50 mCi sources, 1 gU/1 can be measured to +-2% in 10 min with the medium collimator. A computer-based MCA runs the system automatically, controls an insertable U foil (allows calibration anytime) and an automatic W shutter (permits removal of fp background); prints hourly mean U concentrations and a daily log of past 24-h means. Co-57 sources are changed annually in 1 min without disassembly of a lead-steel enclosure that surrounds the de-entrainment tank and XRFA assembly.

This report is about the impact aids for education.

Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Jim Mattox, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification; Use of bond proceeds raised under article 5190.6, V.T.C.S., for public display of works of art

Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Jim Mattox, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification; Whether charge imposed on telephone company by city may be passed on to county as a customer of telephone company

Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Jim Mattox, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification: Whether Southwest Collegiate Institution for the Deaf may receive appropriated funds from the legislature and various in-kind donations from the federal government and a community college district

Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Jim Mattox, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification; Constitutionality of provisions in Senate Bill No. 427 relating to race, creed, sex, religion, national origin, and geographical distribution of appointees to state commission