Annual report of the Argonne National Laboratory Radiological and Environmental Research Division regarding activities related to molecular physics and chemistry.

Intergranular stress-corrosion crack (IGSCC) propagation rates were measured in three heats of sensitized Type 304 stainless steel (SS) as a function of sensitization in an environment of high-purity water with 8 ppm oxygen, using a fracture mechanics approach. Specimens were sensitized using controlled furnace heat treatments and the degree of sensitization was measured by the electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (EPR) method. Active loading tests were performed on standard specimens over a range of intensities. Crack lengths were determined by compilance measurements using in-situ high-temperature clip gage or LVDT methods, optical metallography on the side faces of the specimen, and fractography of the cracked surface after completion of the tests. The optical metallography measurements did not provide useful estimates of crack lengths, because large variations in IGSCC propagation across the thickness of the specimens occurred. The effects of the degree of sensitization on the IGSCC propagation rate are obscured by the data scatter. However, it seems clear that these variables do not lead to order-of-magnitude changes in the crack propagation rate.

In the process of learning how to write code for the Denelcor HEP, we have developed an approach that others may well find useful. We believe that the basic synchronization primitives of the HEP (i.e., asynchronous variables), along with the prototypical patterns for their use given in the HEP FORTRAN 77 User's Guide, form too low-level a conceptual basis for the formulation of multiprocessing algorithms. We advocate the use of monitors, which can be easily implemented using the HEP primitives. Attempts to solve substantial problems without introducing higher-level constructs such as monitors can produce code that is unreliable, unintelligible, and restricted to the specific dialect of FORTRAN currently supported on the HEP. Our experience leads us to believe that solutions which are both clear and efficient can be formulated using monitors.

In a previous paper, the advantages of using monitors when implementing multiprocessing algorithms for the Denelcor HEP were delineated. A detailed presentation is given here of how monitors can be implemented on the HEP using a simple macro processor. The thesis is developed that a small body of general-purpose monitors can be defined to handle most standard synchronization patterns. We include the macro packages required to implement some of the more common synchronization patterns, including the fairly complex logic discussed before. Code produced using these macro packages is portable from one multiprocessing environment to another. Indeed, by recoding the set of basic macros (about 100 lines of code for the Denelcor HEP), most programs that are now being written could be moved to any similar multiprocessing system.

Elbow assemblies and adjacent piping from the loops A and B core spray injection lines of Quad Cities Units 1 and 2 Boiling Water Reactors have been examined in order to determine the nature and causes of coolant leakages and flaw indications detected during hydrostatic tests and subsequent ultrasonic inspections. The elbow assemblies were found to contain multiple intergranular cracks in the weld heat-affected zones. The cracking was predominantly axial in orientation in the forged elbow and wedge components, whereas mixed axial and circumferential cracking was seen in the wrought piping pieces. In at least two instances, axial cracks completely penetrated the circumferential weld joining adjacent components. Based upon the observations made in the present study, the failures were attributed to intergranular stress corrosion cracking caused by the weld-induced sensitized microstructure and residual stresses present; dissolved oxygen in the reactor coolant apparently served as the corrosive species. The predominantly axial orientation of the cracks present in the forged components is believed to be related to the banded microstructure present in these components. The metallographic studies reported are supplemented by x-radiography, chemical analysis and mechanical test results, determinations of the degree of sensitization present, and measurements of weld metal delta ferrite …

Forward: The purpose of this report is to summarize the results obtained from a brief investigation of supercritical fluid extraction principles and applications. This study was one portion of a project funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, contract nuriber DE-AI01076PR06010, in response to a preliminary proposal submitted by the authors. This report sometimes uses company trade naries to identify processes and patent holders. This usage implies no endorsement by HBS. Note also that some figures reproduced from other sources do not conform with NBS policy concerning SI units.

From introduction: This note describes the design and error analysis of a WR10 thermal noise power standard. The standard is designed to operate at the boiling point of liquid nitrogen with a noise temperature accurate to plus or minus 1 K.

Purpose and scope: The purpose of this study was to develop a method for estimating the amount of subsurface return flow to the Colorado River in the Yuma area. This report presents a method that will permit an accounting of ground-water return flows from each side of the Colorado River in the Yuma reach. The estimates of return flow can be used by water-management agencies in determining return-flow credits for the States of Arizona and California.

From purpose and scope: The purpose of this study is to determine the mean annual sediment yields from these three major river basins in the area, for use in future water supply development.

From purpose and scope: The purpose of this study was to describe existing hydrologic systems, to obtain data on the water quality in the area, and to assess potential impacts of surface coal mining on local water resources.

Purpose and scope: The purpose of this study was to develop a method for estimating the amount of subsurface return flow to the Colorado River in the Yuma area. This report presents a method that permits an approximate accounting of ground-water return flow from each side of the Colorado River in Yuma reach. The method presented in this report was developed specifically for application in the Yuma area. The validity of the assumptions inherent in the method was evaluated on the basis of the local hydrologic system. The applicability of the method to other hydrologic systems is not addressed in this report.

From abstract: This report, covering periods 1942-45 and 1951-81, documents the characteristics of sediment being transported from 79 drainage areas within the Commonwealth of Kentucky, and at eight stations on the main stem of the Ohio River.

From purpose and scope: The purpose of this report is to describe the existing hydrologic and water-quality conditions of the shallow ground-water system above the Bearpaw Shale and to describe the surface-water resources in the Fort Union coal region of east-central Montana. The objective of this study was to provide premining data that would be useful for water-resources planning.

From purpose and scope: The purpose of this report is to summarize and evaluate water-quality data acquired from streams within the study area from October 1975 through September 1981. This report updates data collected at 9 stations during the initial study and provides new data for 14 stations.

"This report presents the results of work conducted to make grade assignments for 45 calibration models at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) calibration facility in Grand Junction, Colorado, and at six secondary field sites in the United States." (p. ES-1)

Appendix to report "Grade Assignments for Models Used for Calibration of Gross-Count Gamma-Ray Logging Systems" presenting stability performance data for each of the three Calibration Facilities Monitoring System (CFMS) probes.

Appendix to report "Grade Assignments for Models Used for Calibration of Gross-Count Gamma-Ray Logging Systems" presenting dead time measurements and corrections data for each of the three Calibration Facilities Monitoring System (CFMS) probes.

Appendix to report "Grade Assignments for Models Used for Calibration of Gross-Count Gamma-Ray Logging Systems" presenting repeated mid-enriched-zone (MEZ) measurement data and a listing of the computer program used to correct gamma-ray profile data for Z-effect.

Appendix to report "Grade Assignments for Models Used for Calibration of Gross-Count Gamma-Ray Logging Systems" presenting the raw-data file, a plot of the corrected file indicating the operator choices, and the output from the program that calculates thickness and area for each calibration model used in the report.

Appendix to report "Grade Assignments for Models Used for Calibration of Gross-Count Gamma-Ray Logging Systems" presenting data collected with the neutron probe: a typical spectrum for the cadmium-wrapped helium-3 detector data file listing and calibration measurements in the M-barrels, along with a profile plot for each Calibration Facilities Monitoring System (CFMS) neutron log.

Appendix to report "Grade Assignments for Models Used for Calibration of Gross-Count Gamma-Ray Logging Systems" presenting data listing of output from the program REDUCASSAY for each of the calibration models.

Appendix to report "Grade Assignments for Models Used for Calibration of Gross-Count Gamma-Ray Logging Systems" discussing hardware and collection methods for the total-count gamma-ray water-factor model described in the report.