The observed but puzzling stability of resonant states a stride potential ridges is shown to reflect a general self-focussing property of convergent waves. An approach to the solution of nonseparable wave equations is introduced which utilizes their separability in asymptotic limits. Progress is outlined in describing the properties of N-electron atoms in highly condensed states.

A numerical model for calculating the thermodynamic behavior of the MFTF-B cryogenic cooling system is described. Nine component types are discussed with governing equations given. The algorithm for solving the coupled set of algebraic and ordinary differential equations is described. The model and its application to the MFTF-B cryogenic cooling system has not been possible due to lack of funding.

An important demonstration of negative ion technology is proposed for FY92 in the MFTF-..cap alpha..+T, an upgrade of the Mirror Fusion Test Facility at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. This facility calls for 200-keV negative ions to form neutral beams that generate sloshing ions in the reactor end plugs. Three different beam lines are considered for this application. Their advantages and disadvantages are discussed.

LLNL's sanitary sewer system is a possible route for the escape of toxic materials. Liquid effluents are released to Livermore's sanitary sewer system and the effluent is treated at the Livermore Water Reclamation Plant (LWRP). The plant is a secondary-treatment operation that returns most of the water to the San Francisco Bay via a transport pipeline. The remaining portion is used for irrigating vegetation along the roadways and a local golf course. An automatic on-line, sewage-effluent-monitoring system has been developed that diverts a representative fraction of the total waste stream leaving the site. This portion is monitored for pH, radiation, and heavy metals as it passes through a detection assembly. The assembly consists of an industrial pH probe, two NaI radiation detectors, and an x-ray fluorescence metal detector. A microprocessor collects, reduces, and analyzes the data to determine if the levels are acceptable by established environmental limits.

Phase characterization of hydrofracture grouts was accomplished with the use of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and ..beta..-..gamma.. autoradiography. A laboratory-produced sample containing 1 wt % stable cesium and an actual hydrofracture grout sheet obtained by core dirlling were examined during this work. The phases present in these samples were identified and cesium was found to be absorbed almost entirely by illite clay agglomerates. These clay agglomerates were tightly bound within the grout structure by hydrated calcium silicates. The ..beta..-..gamma.. autoradiography of the core-drilled sample verified that cesium and other radionuclides were trapped within the 20-year-old grout and had not migrated into trapped shale fragments. 14 references, 3 figures, 1 table.

This paper describes results from the Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade (TMX-U). Mirror-confined electrons with 30 to 70 keV mean energy densities of 0.5 to 2.0 x 10/sup 12/ cm/sup -3/ and average betas of 3 to 5% are produced using electron-cyclotron resonant heating (ECRH). These results are consistent with an electron Fokker-Planck code. Improved ion-cyclotron microstability is observed using neutral beam injection at 47/sup 0/ to the magnetic axis, rather than at 90/sup 0/ as in the previous experiment, TMX. Strong end plugging has been produced using a combination of ECRH gyrotrons with sloshing-ion beam injection. In these low-density central cell experiments (3 x 10/sup 11/ cm/sup -3/) the axial losses (tau/sub parallel/ = 20 to 80 ms) are smaller than the nonambipolar radial losses (tau/sub perpendicular/ = 4 to 8 ms). Plugging has been achieved with a central cell density double that of the end plugs. Although no direct measurements are yet available to determine if a thermal barrier potential dip is generated, these experiments support many theoretical features of the thermal barrier concept.

Bacterial colony counters have not been widely used for track counting. However, they do provide an economical alternative to sophisticated optical analyzers for applications that require reproducible track density measurements for large numbers of samples. Simple measurements of size characteristics can be made when there is little need for high resolutions. Such systems are particularly well suited for neutron and alpha dosimetry work, particularly if electrochemical etching or some other track enhancement method has been used. 5 refs., 3 figs.

A model for emission of the hard photons of gamma bursts is presented. The model assumes accretion at nearly the Eddington limited rate onto a neutron star without magnetic a field. Initially soft photons are heated as they are compressed between the accreting matter and the star. A large electric field due to relatively small charge separation is required to drag electrons into the star with the nuclei against the flux of photons leaking out through the accreting matter. The photon number is not increased substantially by bremsstrahlung or any other process. Instability in an accretion disc might provide the infalling matter required.

None

Recent end-stopping experiments in TMX-Upgrade show strong plugging of the central cell by lower-density plugs, requiring both electron-cyclotron heating (ECRH) and 47/sup 0/ neutral-beam injection, consistent with the thermal-barrier concept. These experiments have low density (n < 10/sup 12/ cm/sup -3/) due to inefficient ECRH power coupling. Hot-ion and hot-electron buildup are consistent with Fokker-Planck calculations. No ion-cyclotron activity is observed in the plugs; occasional electron-cyclotron activity is observed. With plugging, axial lifetimes (tau/sub parallel/ > 40 ms) are larger than radial (tau/sub perpendicular/ = 5 to 10 ms) due to observed non-ambipolar ion transport. Recent tandem-mirror theoretical activities are also surveyed.

The purpose of this report is to document the plasma power balance model currently used by LLNL to calculate steady state operating points for tandem mirror reactors. The code developed from this model, TMRBAR, has been used to predict the performance and define supplementary heating requirements for drivers used in the Mirror Advanced Reactor Study (MARS) and for the Fusion Power Demonstration (FPD) study. The equations solved included particle and energy balance for central cell and end cell species, quasineutrality at several cardinal points in the end cell region, as well as calculations of volumes, densities and average energies based on given constraints of beta profiles and fusion power output. Alpha particle ash is treated self-consistently, but no other impurity species is treated.

The formalism describing ion-cyclotron modes in mirror traps will be developed. Emphasis will be placed on the effects of finite axial boundaries on the normal modes of the system. Wave properties are a composite picture of: positive energy waves (plasma oscillation, shear Alfven and drift waves), negative energy waves (ion Bernstein waves in a loss-cone media), positive dissipation (electron Landau damping, outgoing waves), and negative dissipation (ion cyclotron damping in a loss-cone and anisotropic temperature medium). Stability boundaries in this bounded media is affected by scale lengths along the magnetic field; first, because they determine the widths of the resonances, and second, because they restrict the parallel structure of the modes.

This review covers the following topics: (1) thermal barrier formation, (2) ion pumping, (3) high-field throttle coil, and (4) microstability. (MOW)

Equilibrium in quadrupole symmetric mirrors is fully three dimensional; however, because axial scale lengths are long compared with radial scale lengths (equivalently weak curvature) it is possible to reduce the complexity of the equations by expanding in the appropriate smallness parameter. Such a procedure leads to set of reduced MHD equations. The general theory will be presented, numerical results discussed, modifications due to finite Larmor radius will be added, and an analytic solution for sharp boundary pressure models will be developed.

At the time of the 1981 Workshop on Experimental Use of the SLC, we published an extraction scheme for the MINIQUAD final focus (FF) optics. Since then a different FF optics design has been selected. With the same achromat section and outboard telescope, it allows a number of options for the inboard telescope. This note describes the new extraction system and briefly considers electron-electron extraction and the consequences of an extraction kicker malfunction. 4 references, 7 figures, 1 table.

We have used the SHIVA laser system to accelerate carbon disks to speeds in excess of 100 km/sec. The 3KJ/3 ns pulse, on a 1 mm diameter spot of a single disk produced a conventional shock of about 5 MB. The laser energy can, however, be stored in kinetic motion of this accelerated disk and delivered (reconverted to thermal energy) upon impact with another carbon disk. This collision occurs in a time much shorter than the 3 ns pulse, thus acting as a power amplifier. The shock pressures measured upon impact are estimated to be in the 20 MB range, thus demonstrating the amplification power of this colliding disk technique in creating ultra-high pressures. Theory and computer simulations of this process will be discussed, and compared with the experiment.

In this note, we consider how close we can come to the linac along the SLC arc during linac operation. In this case, radiation will come from beam striking a beam line component in the linac transport system. Radiation actually penetrating the shielding wall between the linac and the arc isn't considered since it will be orders of magnitude smaller than radiation which enters the arc through one of two openings in the shielding: (1) the opening through which the SLC beam transport components pass; and (2) a personnel accessway some fifty seven feet downbeam of the first opening. We make the assumption that with a little judicious placing of shielding small angle radiation can be eliminated, leaving only large angle radiation (e.g., 90/sup 0/) to enter the SLC arcs. The source then is essentially opposite either of the two openings. Because the personnel opening is further downbeam, it dominates the shielding requirements.

Early experience (1981-1982) with jittery position measurements in the CID (Collider Injector Development) and Sector 1 BPM (beam position monitor) system led us to ask whether the source of the observed noise was in the beam or in the BPM electronics. Prior to July, 1983, the signal from each BPM strip was individually processed. It occurred to us that the signal from each strip, when normalized by the sum of the signals from the two adjacent strips, made possible two independent measurements of the beam position in the plane containing the strip. When a single parameter is measured twice, one can look at the correlation of the measurements over a statistical sample of events. This will allow one to distinguish real parameter variations from measurement errors. In this case, a strong correlation in the two measurements from a given strip indicates beam jitter, whereas a lack of correlation indicates either that there is beam jitter in the normalizing plane or that the processing electronics is noisy in at least one channel. The five possible cases are illustrated. These plots are interpreted.

As a result of the accident on March 28, 1979, fuel debris was dispersed into the primary coolant system of the Three Mile Island Unit 2 (TMI-2) reactor. Location and quantification of fuel debris is essential for TMI-2 recovery. TMI-2 fuel debris assessments can be carried out nondestructively by neutron and gamma-ray dosimetry. Efforts to date have been directed toward fuel debris characterization of the makeup and purification demineralizers, will maintain reactor coolant water purity. Two highly specialized dosimetry methods were applied: solid state track recorder (SSTR) neutron dosimetry and continuous gamma-ray spectrometry. The most recent dosimetry results are reviewed and compared. To reduce the intense background radiation from /sup 137/Cs, the Si(Li) detector was surrounded by a 5.5 diameter lead shield 8&#x27;&#x27; shield in length. The spectral data were used to determine the intensity of the 2.18 MeV gamma ray from the fission product /sup 144/Ce. Assuming this fission product does not migrate out of the fuel, the quantity of /sup 144/Ce is directly related to the quantity of fuel present. Based on the observed source geometry and the measured flux of the /sup 144/Ce 2.18 MeV gamma rays, the fuel content of the A demineralizer was calculated to …

A new method of structural analysis is applied to a group of hydroliquefied coal samples. The method uses elemental analysis and NMR data to estimate the concentrations of functional groups in the samples. The samples include oil and asphaltene fractions obtained in a series of hydroliquefaction experiments, and a set of 9 fractions separated from a coal-derived oil. The structural characterization of these samples demonstrates that estimates of functional group concentrations can be used to provide detailed structural profiles of complex mixtures and to obtain limited information about reaction pathways. 11 references, 1 figure, 7 tables.

This lecture describes the physics considerations entering the magnet design of a quadrupole-stabilized, tandem-mirror system.

The project was aimed at developing an understanding of the economic and behavioral processes that take place within a utility firm, and without it. This executive summary, one of five documents, gives the project goals and objectives, outlines the subject areas of investigation, discusses the findings and results, and finally considers applications within the electric power industry and future research directions. (DLC)

Utility companies are in the predicament of having to make forecasts, and draw up plans for the future, in an increasingly fluid and volatile socio-economic environment. The project being reported is to contribute to an understanding of the economic and behavioral processes that take place within a firm, and without it. Three main topics are treated. One is the representation of the characteristics of the members of an organization, to the extent to which characteristics seem pertinent to the processes of interest. The second is the appropriate management of the processes of change by an organization. The third deals with the competitive striving towards an economic equilibrium among the members of a society in the large, on the theory that this process might be modeled in a way which is similar to the one for the intra-organizational ones. This volume covers mainly the first topic.

This volume is part of a project aimed at developing an understanding of the dynamical processes that evolve within an electric utility firm, and without it. The volume covers organizational dynamics and many-person symmetric games. (DLC)