2,416 Matching Results

Results open in a new window/tab.

Confirmation test for gas/slurry flow in SRC-I coal liquefaction process. Internal R and D final report (open access)

Confirmation test for gas/slurry flow in SRC-I coal liquefaction process. Internal R and D final report

The overall objective of program 12.11.1 was to provide data needed to confirm the design of the transport system, slurry heat exchangers, and slurry feed manifolds for the SRC-I Demonstration Plant. Because of lack of funds, the program was terminated before most of the work was completed. Two studies related to distribution of two-phase flow in the heat exchanger tubes were finished. A special system was designed to measure slurry concentration and flow rate in different tubes. Results showed that withdrawing slurry samples from the sides of the tubes gives a reasonably accurate measure of the concentration. Flow rate was measured indirectly with a photodiode/digital counter arrangement that measured velocity of a gas slug injected in the tube. A simple linear correlation was found to exist between the average slurry velocity and the gas-slug velocity. 1 reference, 25 figures.
Date: September 1, 1983
Creator: Moujaes, S.F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Reasons for the termination of, and DOE losses in, a geothermal demonstration powerplant project (open access)

Reasons for the termination of, and DOE losses in, a geothermal demonstration powerplant project

The 50-megawatt Baca geothermal demonstration powerplant project, located in northern New Mexico, was the Department of Energy's (DOE's) initial effort to demonstrate geothermal powerplant technology. The project, started in 1978, was believed to have a high probability of success, and its cost was to be shared equally with the industry participants. GAO's review showed that the project was terminated in January 1982 because sufficient geothermal steam to operate the powerplant could not be obtained. The early termination resulted in DOE paying a disproportionate share - $45 million, or 64% - of the $70 million spent on the project because it had paid the majority of the powerplant-related costs at that time. However, a portion of these costs may be recovered through the sale of powerplant equipment. DOE indicated that it learned lessons from this experience and will act to prevent these problems from occurring on other projects.
Date: September 29, 1983
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Comparative analysis of internal fuel motion in annular fuel designs (open access)

Comparative analysis of internal fuel motion in annular fuel designs

In this paper, the whole-core reactivity consequences of internal fuel motion in three annular fuel designs during a hypothetical 3 dollars/s transient overpower (TOP) accident are compared to determine the effect of geometric design variations. The PINEX-2 and PINEX-3 experiments were performed in the TREAT reactor using annular fuel pins irradiated in GETR. This paper investigates three combinations of solid and annular axial blankets and fission gas plena: top annular blanket and plenum, bottom annular blanket and plenum, and both top and bottom (dual) annular blankets and plena. The dual plena design case showed a significant decrease in internal fuel motion over the single plenum design cases.
Date: September 16, 1983
Creator: Smith, D. E.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Theoretical and experimental studies of fixed-bed coal gasification reactors. Final report (open access)

Theoretical and experimental studies of fixed-bed coal gasification reactors. Final report

A laboratory fixed-bed gasification reactor was designed and built with the objective of collecting operational data for model validation and parameter estimation. The reactor consists of a 4 inch stainless steel tube filled with coal or char. Air and steam is fed at one end of the reactor and the dynamic progress of gasification in the coal or char bed is observed through thermocouples mounted at various radial and axial locations. Product gas compositions are also monitored as a function of time. Results of gasification runs using Wyoming coal are included in this report. In parallel with the experimental study, a two-dimensional model of moving bed gasifiers was developed, coded into a computer program and tested. This model was used to study the laboratory gasifier by setting the coal feed rate equal to zero. The model is based on prior work on steady state and dynamic modeling done at Washington University and published elsewhere in the literature. Comparisons are made between model predictions and experimental results. These are also included in this report. 23 references, 18 figures, 6 tables.
Date: September 1, 1983
Creator: Joseph, B.; Bhattacharya, A.; Salam, L. & Dudukovic, M.P.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Effects of nominal and crack-tip strain rate on IGSCC susceptibility in CERT tests (open access)

Effects of nominal and crack-tip strain rate on IGSCC susceptibility in CERT tests

Constant extension rate tests have been performed on sensitized Type 316 stainless steel in oxygenated water (8 ppM O/sub 2/) containing chloride ion impurities (0.5 ppM) over a range of strain rates from 10/sup -5/ to 2 x 10/sup -7/ s/sup -1/. The susceptibility to IGSCC (as quantified by parameters such as crack length at failure) increases with a decrease in strain rate. A model consistent with the observed and postulated crack growth behavior and with a fracture criterion is presented and used to derive power laws that relate the IGSCC susceptibility parameters and strain rate. The predicted strain rate exponents are in agreement with the experimental results of this and other studies. The correlations between IGSCC susceptibility and strain rate can be used to predict susceptibility to cracking outside the range of conditions used in the laboratory. In addition, it is shown that the average crack-tip strain rate in CERT experiments can be estimated by use of a J-integral approach. It is observed that the average crack growth rate is proportional to the square root of the estimated average crack-tip strain rate. The experimentally observed correlation is in good agreement with that deduced from a slip-dissolution model proposed by …
Date: September 1, 1983
Creator: Maiya, P.S. & Shack, W.J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Computed tomography using synchrotron radiation (open access)

Computed tomography using synchrotron radiation

X-ray computed tomography (CT) is a widely used method of obtaining cross-sectional views of objects. The high intensity, natural collimation, monochromaticity and energy tunability of synchrotron x-ray sources could potentially be used to provide CT images of improved quality. The advantages of these systems would be that images could be produced more rapidly with better spatial resolution and reduced beam artifacts. In addition, images, in some cases, could be acquired with elemental sensitivity. As a demonstration of the capability of such a system, CT images were obtained of four slices of an excised pig heart in which the arteries and the cardiac chambers were filled with an iodinated medium. Images were taken with incident x-rays tuned successively to energies just above and below the iodine K edge. Iodine specific images were obtained by logarithmically subtracting the low energy image data from the high energy data and then reconstructing the image. CT imaging using synchrotron radiation may become a convenient and non-destructive method of imaging samples difficult to study by other methods.
Date: September 1, 1983
Creator: Thompson, A. C.; Llacer, J.; Finman, L. C.; Hughes, E. B.; Otis, J. N.; Wilson, S. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Initial radiation dosimetry at Hiroshima and Nagasaki (open access)

Initial radiation dosimetry at Hiroshima and Nagasaki

The dosimetry of A-bomb survivors at Hiroshima and Nagasaki is discussed in light of the new dosimetry developed in 1980 by the author. The important changes resulting from the new dosimetry are the ratios of neutron to gamma doses, particularly at Hiroshima. The implications of these changes in terms of epidemiology and radiation protection standards are discussed. (ACR)
Date: September 1, 1983
Creator: Loewe, W.E.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Hot dry rock geothermal energy development program. Annual report, fiscal year 1982 (open access)

Hot dry rock geothermal energy development program. Annual report, fiscal year 1982

Emphasis in the Hot Dry Rock Program was on development of methods to produce the hydraulic fractures required to connect the deep, inclined wells of the Phase II system at Fenton Hill. Environmental surveillance, instrument development, laboratory and modeling studies, and other supporting activities were continued. After two unsuccessful attempts to fracture hydraulically through inflatable packers, formation breakdown was produced in an uncased section near the bottom of well EE-2 by pumping water through a cemented-in steel liner. Breakdon occurred at a wellhead pressure of 33.1 MPa and a total of 8539 m/sup 3/ of water was injected. Mapping of source locations of microseismic events indicated opening of an extensive set of planar features dipping about 40/sup 0/W, striking about N20/sup 0/W, and apparently passing beneath the bottom of well EE-3. An attempt was then made to fracture at a higher level where the relative positions of the two wells increased the probability that an inclined fracture would connect them. Repeated failures of drill pipe, tubing, couplings, and packers terminated most pumping experiments prematurely. Important advances were made in thermal protection of downhole instruments, real-time mapping source locations of microseismic signals, modeling of heat and mass transport, and the mechanics …
Date: September 1, 1983
Creator: Smith, M.C.; Nunz, G.J. & Ponder, G.M. (eds.)
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Analytic representation of three-dimensional stellarator field (open access)

Analytic representation of three-dimensional stellarator field

The stellarator configuration can be greatly simplified when toroidal harmonics are introduced. The toroidal function satisfies Laplace's equation and together with toroidal field and vertical field, a small-aspect-ratio stellarator can be constructed with an aspect ratio as low as 3.6. This functional presentation suggests a very fast computation of particle orbits and magnetic configuration.
Date: September 1, 1983
Creator: Yoshikawa, S.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Post-test examination observations for the W-2 SLSF experiment. [Sodium Loop Safety Facility] (open access)

Post-test examination observations for the W-2 SLSF experiment. [Sodium Loop Safety Facility]

Gamma scanning measurements revealed that the axial power profile in these test trains was more peaked than expected based on pretest calculations and critical facility measurements. These results implied that the thermal flux incident on the test assembly was greater than expected, which was manifested in highly skewed and extensive fuel melting zones in the outer pin fuel pellets. Observations indicated that the extent of fuel melting near the midplane exceeded 90% of the pellet radius in some of the outer fuel pins toward the end of the overpower transient, with penetration of molten fuel to the cladding inner surface. It is postulated that this extensive fuel melting and penetration combined with bowing-induced high temperature oscillations to produce the initial disruptive failure in an outer pin at the midplane. Subsequent failure events were induced by the inrush of argon fill gas following rupture of the fluted duct tube. Up to one-third of the total fuel inventory was expelled from the test pin bundle into the coolant channels, with substantial upward sweepout of the ejected fuel noted in the post-test examination. The overall nature of the failure event was judged to be relatively nonviolent, based largely on the survival of unclad, …
Date: September 1, 1983
Creator: Pitner, A. L.; Smith, D. E. & Culley, G. E.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Wave Dynamics of Regular and Chaotic Rays (open access)

Wave Dynamics of Regular and Chaotic Rays

In order to investigate general relationships between waves and rays in chaotic systems, I study the eigenfunctions and spectrum of a simple model, the two-dimensional Helmholtz equation in a stadium boundary, for which the rays are ergodic. Statistical measurements are performed so that the apparent randomness of the stadium modes can be quantitatively contrasted with the familiar regularities observed for the modes in a circular boundary (with integrable rays). The local spatial autocorrelation of the eigenfunctions is constructed in order to indirectly test theoretical predictions for the nature of the Wigner distribution corresponding to chaotic waves. A portion of the large-eigenvalue spectrum is computed and reported in an appendix; the probability distribution of successive level spacings is analyzed and compared with theoretical predictions. The two principal conclusions are: 1) waves associated with chaotic rays may exhibit randomly situated localized regions of high intensity; 2) the Wigner function for these waves may depart significantly from being uniformly distributed over the surface of constant frequency in the ray phase space.
Date: September 1, 1983
Creator: McDonald, S. W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Evaluation of the IRAD sonic extensometers for application in the Canadian Underground Research Laboratory (FY 1983) (open access)

Evaluation of the IRAD sonic extensometers for application in the Canadian Underground Research Laboratory (FY 1983)

This report supplements an earlier study that discussed the suitability of using the IRAD sonic extensometer in the Underground Research Laboratory proposed by the Atomic Energy of Canada, Ltd. In particular, it addresses the first and fourth recommendations made in that report concerning the basic accuracy of the instrument and evaluation of the electronic circuitry, respectively.
Date: September 1, 1983
Creator: Glenn, H.D. & Butler, L.S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Coal-liquid fuel/diesel engine operating compatibility. Final report (open access)

Coal-liquid fuel/diesel engine operating compatibility. Final report

This work is intended to assess the possibilities of using coal-derived liquids (CDL) represented by a specific type (SRC II) and shale-derived distillate fuel in blends of petroleum-derived fuels in medium-speed, high-output, heavy-duty diesel engines. Conclusions are as follows: (1) Blends of solvent refined coal and diesel fuel may be handled safely by experienced diesel engine mechanics. (2) A serious corrosion problem was found in the fuel pump parts when operating with solvent refined coal blended with petroleum. It is expected that a metallurgy change can overcome this problem. (3) Proper selection of materials for the fuel system is required to permit handling coal-derived liquid fuels. (4) A medium speed, high horsepower, 4-cycle diesel engine can be operated on blends of solvent refined coal and petroleum without serious consequences save the fuel system corrosion previously mentioned. This is based on a single, short durability test. (5) As represented by the product evaluated, 100% shale-derived distillate fuel may be used in a medium speed, high horsepower, 4-cycle diesel engine without significant consequences. (6) The shale product evaluated may be blended with petroleum distillate or petroleum residual materials and used as a fuel for medium speed, high horsepower, 4-cycle diesel engines. 7 …
Date: September 1, 1983
Creator: Hoffman, J.G. & Martin, F.W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Fifty megawatt klystron for the Stanford Linear Collider (open access)

Fifty megawatt klystron for the Stanford Linear Collider

The proposed Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) has been designed to provide 50 on 50 GeV electron-positron collisions. The performance of the 240 klystrons driving the two-mile long linac must be upgraded to achieve at least 50 Megawatts of peak power output at a pulse of 5 ..mu..sec and a pulse repetition frequency of 180 pulses per second. The operating frequency of the upgraded linac will continue to be 2856 MHz. A klystron amplifier meeting these new requirements has been designed to operate at 315 kV, ..mu..k = 2, with a computed efficiency of slightly greater than 50%. Initial tests indicate the achievement of the basic power objectives; however, observed parasitic instabilities make beam focusing, RF drive frequency and drive level extremely critical. High electric fields in the electron gun, output gap and output window are all potential problems. Steps taken in the design to overcome these problems are discussed and test results are presented.
Date: September 1, 1983
Creator: Lee, T. G.; Lebacqz, J. V. & Konrad, G. T.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Intense positron beams: linacs. Preworkshop copy (open access)

Intense positron beams: linacs. Preworkshop copy

Beams of monoenergetic positrons with energies of a few eV to many keV have been used in experiments in atomic physics, solid state physics and materials science. The production of positron beams from a new source, an electron linac, is described. Intense, pulsed beams of low-energy positrons have been produced by a high-energy beam from an electron linac. The production efficiency, moderator geometry, beam spot size and other positron beam parameters have been determined for electrons with energies from 60 to 120 MeV. Low-energy positron beams produced with a high-energy electron linac can be of much higher intensity than those beams currently derived from radioactive sources. These higher intensity beams will make possible positron experiments previously infeasible.
Date: September 1, 1983
Creator: Howell, R. H.; Alvarez, R. A.; Woodle, K. A.; Dhawan, S.; Egan, P. O.; Hughes, V. W. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Models and simulations (open access)

Models and simulations

On-line mathematical models have been used successfully for computer controlled operation of SPEAR and PEP. The same model control concept is being implemented for the operation of the LINAC and for the Damping Ring, which will be part of the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC). The purpose of this paper is to describe the general relationships between models, simulations and the control system for any machine at SLAC. The work we have done on the development of the empirical model for the Damping Ring will be presented as an example.
Date: September 1, 1983
Creator: Lee, M. J.; Sheppard, J. C.; Sullenberger, M. & Woodley, M. D.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Angle-Resolved Photoemission Extended Fine Structure (open access)

Angle-Resolved Photoemission Extended Fine Structure

Core level angle-resolved photoemission intensity oscillates sinusoidally with increasing photoelectron momentum. Interference between direct and scattered photo-emission causes this angle-resolved photoemission extended fine structure (ARPEFS). We will discuss an analytic single-scattering theory which quantitatively describes the oscillations. The procedures for extracting surface geometry information from photoemission measurements will be illustrated with S(1s) ARPEFS from S on Ni(100) and Cu(100) obtained with the soft X-ray double crystal monochromator at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory. Building on the surface sensitivity and chemical selectivity of photoemission, ARPEFS analysis provides direct geometrical information from the oscillation frequencies (derived with auto-regressive Fourier analysis), from intensity changes with polarization and analyzer position, and from analysis of scattering phase-shift zero-crossings.
Date: September 1983
Creator: Barton, J. J.; Bahr, C. C.; Hussain, Z.; Robey, S. W.; Klebanoff, L. E. & Shirley, D. A.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Effects of sodium environment on the mechanical properties of Fe-2 1/4Cr-1Mo steel (open access)

Effects of sodium environment on the mechanical properties of Fe-2 1/4Cr-1Mo steel

Mechanical property data on isothermally annealed, thermally aged, and sodium-exposed Fe-2 1/4Cr-1Mo steel are analyzed to evaluate the influence of the sodium environment as well as the effects of the microstructural and compositional changes that occur in the steel during long-term exposure to sodium. Correlations are developed to predict the environmental effects on tensile, creep, fatigue, and creep-fatigue properties of Fe-2 1/4Cr-1Mo steel in sodium. The results indicate that at temperatures < 823 K (550/sup 0/C), degradation of mechanical properties is essentially due to thermal aging. Loss of carbon from the steel reduces both the tensile and creep-rupture strength, but has little or no effect on the fatigue properties. The cyclic properties of Fe-2 1/4Cr-1Mo steel in sodium are superior to those in air. The creep-fatigue behavior in sodium is significantly different from that in an air environment. The creep-fatigue data are analyzed using the interactive damage rate equations to predict the time-dependent fatigue behavior of isothermally annealed Fe-2 1/4Cr-1Mo steel in sodium. 15 references, 7 figures, 1 table.
Date: September 1, 1983
Creator: Chopra, O,K.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Deploymerization of coal by direct solvent attack. Semi-annual report, April 1, 1983-August 31, 1983 (open access)

Deploymerization of coal by direct solvent attack. Semi-annual report, April 1, 1983-August 31, 1983

The depolymerization of Illinois No. 6 coal by a series of solvents having different basecities (pK/sub a/) and nucleophilicities (Swain-Scott nu values) showed no dependence on either the basicity of nucleophilicity of the solvents. As expected, the conversion decreases as the temperature of the reaction is reduced, but the lower the reaction temperature, the higher the percentage of amine incorporation becomes in the products. 5 tables.
Date: September 15, 1983
Creator: Larsen, J. W. & Mohammadi, M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Legal factors affecting the financing of small scale hydroelectric projects (open access)

Legal factors affecting the financing of small scale hydroelectric projects

An introduction to the major business organizational options open to small-scale hydroelectric (SSH) projects is given. The major federal income tax treatments of these options are compared. Significant general federal income tax factors affecting SSH projects are reintroduced and explained. Some of the special federal income tax problem areas in SSH development are isolated. Tax benefit flow through or transfer mechanisms are discussed. Tax exempt financing opportunities for private SSH projects are reviewed. (MHR)
Date: September 1, 1983
Creator: Wilson, W. H.; Ringo, M. J. & Forgione, N.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Long-term exposure of /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/ to a terrestrial environment. Volume 2 (open access)

Long-term exposure of /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/ to a terrestrial environment. Volume 2

Two environmental simulation chambers were used to study the behavior of a /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/ heat source deposited in a humid, temperate environment. Large fragments from an impact-tested source were deposited in the first chamber, and fines from the source were placed in the second. Plutonium released into the soil, the soil drainages, and the condensates from the dehumidifiers were monitored throughout the experiment. The concentration of plutonium released into the soil drainages increased with time, obeying an apparent exponential growth curve over the duration of the experiment (5.7 yr). The bulk of the released plutonium, up to 0.3% of the source, was retained in the soil. A simulated cleanup operation at the conclusion of the experiment, which included removal of the source and the top inch of soil, resulted in an increased rate of plutonium release into the soil drainage and essentially no observable change of release rate into the air. Large chunks of PuO/sub 2/ deposited in one of the chambers underwent spontaneous disintegration into smaller pieces; after 2 yr the deposited material could barely be distinguished from the fines deposited in the other chamber.
Date: September 1, 1983
Creator: Patterson, J. H.; Heaton, R. C.; Herrera, B.; Nelson, G. B. & Steinkruger, F. J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Broad-band soft x-ray diagnostic instruments at the LLNL Novette laser facility (open access)

Broad-band soft x-ray diagnostic instruments at the LLNL Novette laser facility

Complementary broad-band instruments have been developed to measure time dependent, absolute soft x-ray spectra at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Nd glass laser irradiation facilities. Absolute flux measurements of x rays emitted from laser-produced plasmas are important for understanding laser absorption and energy transport. We will describe two new 10-channel XRD systems that have been installed at the LLNL Novette facility for use in the 0.15- to 1.5-keV range. Since XRD channel time response is limited by available oscilloscope performance to 120 ps, a soft x-ray streak camera has been developed for better time resolution (20 ps) and greater dynamic range (approx.10/sup 3/) in the same x-ray energy region. Using suitable filters, grazing incidence mirrors, and a gold or cesium-iodide transmission cathode, this streak camera instrument has been installed at Novette to provide one broad and four relatively narrow channels. It can also be used in a single channel, spatially discriminating mode by means of pinhole imaging. The complementary nature of these instruments has been enhanced by locating them in close proximity and matching their channel energy responses. As an example of the use of these instruments, we present results from Novette 2..omega..(0.53 ..mu..m) gold disk irradiations at 1 …
Date: September 15, 1983
Creator: Tirsell, K.G.; Lee, P.H.Y.; Nilson, D.G. & Medecki, H.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Experimental study of electron beam induced removal of H/sub 2/S from geothermal fluids (open access)

Experimental study of electron beam induced removal of H/sub 2/S from geothermal fluids

The treatment of geothermal steam by electron beam irradiation is a potential alternative method of H/sub 2/S removal which can be applied upstream or downstream and has no chemical requirements. The experimental work reported here examines the effectiveness of electron beam treatment of geothermal fluids. These fluids are produced by combining the constituents in a heated cell, which contains an electron beam transparent window. Irradiation of the contents and subsequent chemical analysis allows an evaluation of effectiveness. These results are used for a commercial feasibility assessment.
Date: September 1, 1983
Creator: Helfritch, D.J.; Singhvi, R.; Evans, R.D. & Reynolds, W.E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Accelerator produced nuclides for use in biology and medicine (open access)

Accelerator produced nuclides for use in biology and medicine

This bibliography is sorted by subject and by nuclide and also contains an author index. (MHR)
Date: September 1, 1983
Creator: Karlstrom, K.I. & Christman, D.R. (comps.)
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library