The Energy Saver Safety Analysis Report (SAR) found the tunnel oxygen deficiency considerations emphasized helium spills. These reports concluded the helium quickly warms and because of its low denisty, rises to the apex of the tunnel. The oxygen content below the apex and in all but the immediate vicinity of the helium spill is essentially unchanged and guarantees an undisturbed source of oxygen especially important to fallen personnel. In contrast nitrogen spills warm slower than helium due to the ratio of the enthalpy changes per unit volume spilled spread more uniformly across the tunnel cross-section when warmed because of the much smaller density difference with air, and generally provides a greater hazard than helium spills as a result. In particular there was concern that personnel that might fall to the floor for oxygen deficiency or other reasons might find less, and not more, oxygen with dire consequences. The SAR concluded tunnel nitrogen spills were under-investigated and led to this work.

For an Fe/2Si/0.1C steel with an intermediate quenching heat treatment, it was found that as the prior austenite grain size is refined, significant improvements in total elongation, reduction in area and impact toughness can be achieved, while uniform elongation, yield and tensile strengths are not affected. These improvements are analyzed in terms of microstructure and fracture characteristics. The cleavage cracks propagate nearly straight without deviation at the ferrite/martensite interfaces within the sub-units of the DFM structure, but change their path at high angle sub-unit boundaries. The crack is less likely to be deflected at the ferrite/martensite interface because the interface is coherent. Comparison of optical micrographs and SEM fractographs has shown that there is close agreement between the sub-unit size and cleavage facet size. The observations lead to the conclusion that the sub-unit size is the basic microstructure unit controlling the fracture behavior of DFM steels produced by the intermediate quenching heat treatment. A controlled rolling process was undertaken to obtain grain refined DFM steels. Results showed that this produces micro-duplex structures with attractive mechanical properties in an economicl way.

The feasibility and limitations of surface-to-tunnel seismic telemetry at the Nevada Test Site were explored through field measurements using current technology. Range functions for signaling were determined through analysis of monofrequency seismic signals injected into the earth at various sites as far as 70 km (43 mi) from installations of seismometers in the G-Tunnel complex of Rainier Mesa. Transmitted signal power at 16, 24, and 32 Hz was measured at two locations in G-Tunnel separated by 670 m (2200 ft). Transmissions from 58 surface sites distributed primarily along three azimuths from G-Tunnel were studied. The G-Tunnel noise environment was monitored over the 20-day duration of the field tests. Noise-power probability functions were calculated for 20-s and 280-s seismic-record populations. Signaling rates were calculated for signals transmitted from superior transmitter sites to G-Tunnel. A detection threshold of 13 dB re 1 nm/sup 2/ displacement power at 95% reliability was demanded. Consideration of field results suggests that even for the frequency range used in this study, substantially higher signaling rates are likely to be obtained in future work in view of the present lack of information relevant to hardware-siting criteria and the seismic propagation paths at the Nevada Test Site. 12 references.

This demonstration project was initiated in the 200 Sand Pool in the Midway-Sunset Field, California Sand Pool to demonstrate the operational, recovery, and economic aspects of steamflooding a typical heavy oil reservoir which had unfavorable response to cyclic stimulation. The scope of the project involves 5 phases: (1) pilot site monitoring and evaluation; (2) pilot area expansion; (3) site selection for expansion to full-scale project; (4) expansion to full-scale steamflood; and (5) production monitoring. After expansion and steam injection for one year, the wells are averaging 8 B/D oil and 29 B/D water per well. This rate is above the 5 BOPD for cyclic stimulation. Most of the producing wells are steam stimulated about twice a year to enhance steam breakthrough from the continuous steam. The total area has averaged 319 B/D oil and 1233 B/D water the last year. 7 figures, 1 table.

In conjunction with other divisions in the EE Department, the Nuclear Energy Systems Division is developing a Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) capability. Some of our needs in areas such as drafting, PC design, and IC design can be satisfied with existing turnkey systems. Many of our other needs, including modeling, analysis, document management and communication, software development, project management, and project communication will require the gradual development of an expanded computing environment. The purpose of this document is to describe our initial plans to implement a CAE facility.

The program has focused on installation of the Raman microprobe system and making it operational, on demonstrating the feasibility of the experimental approach, and on exploratory studies of molecular organization and structural variability in selected samples of plant tissue. The key findings are: (1) it is possible to acquire significant Raman spectral information from domains that are 1 to 3 ..mu..m in diameter in sections of plant cell walls; (2) polarized spectra are sensitive to orientation of the electric vector relative to the plane of the cell wall, indicating anisotropy of molecular organization with respect to the geometry of the cell; (3) preliminary explorations of woody tissue from black spruce and loblolly pine suggest that, in most instances, the aromatic rings of lignin are preferentially oriented in the plane of the cell wall, as are the anhydroglucose rings of the cellulose chains; and (4) preliminary studies also suggest that there is significant variation in the ratio of lignin to polysaccharide in the cell wall. In related studies, evidence of transverse anisotropy in the structure of ramie fibers has been detected. A spectrum of lignin in situ has been recorded by difference spectroscopy.

Population radiation dose commitments have been estimated from reported radionuclide releases from commercial power reactors operating during 1980. In addition doses derived from the shutdown reactors at the Three Mile Island site were included. Fifty-year dose commitments from a one-year exposure were calculated from both liquid and atmospheric releases for four population groups (infant, child, teen-ager and adult) residing between 2 and 80 km from each site. This report tabulates the results of these calculations, showing the dose commitments for both liquid and airborne pathways for each age group and organ. Also included for each site is a histogram showing the fraction of the total population within 2 to 80 km around each site receiving various average dose commitments from the airborne pathways. The total dose commitment from both liquid and airborne pathways ranged from a high of 40 person-rem to a low of 0.02 person-rem with an arithmetic mean of 4 person-rem. The total population dose for all sites was estimated at 180 person-rem for the 96 million people considered at risk.

This lecture describes the physics considerations entering the magnet design of a quadrupole-stabilized, tandem-mirror system.

Recent end-stopping experiments in TMX-Upgrade show strong plugging of the central cell by lower-density plugs, requiring both electron-cyclotron heating (ECRH) and 47/sup 0/ neutral-beam injection, consistent with the thermal-barrier concept. These experiments have low density (n < 10/sup 12/ cm/sup -3/) due to inefficient ECRH power coupling. Hot-ion and hot-electron buildup are consistent with Fokker-Planck calculations. No ion-cyclotron activity is observed in the plugs; occasional electron-cyclotron activity is observed. With plugging, axial lifetimes (tau/sub parallel/ > 40 ms) are larger than radial (tau/sub perpendicular/ = 5 to 10 ms) due to observed non-ambipolar ion transport. Recent tandem-mirror theoretical activities are also surveyed.

This review covers the following topics: (1) thermal barrier formation, (2) ion pumping, (3) high-field throttle coil, and (4) microstability. (MOW)

The estimation of long-term mean winds from short-term data is especially important in the area of wind energy. It is desirable to obtain reliable estimates of the long-term wind speed from as short a period of on-site measurements as possible. This study examined seven different methods of estimating the long-term average wind speed and compared the performance of these techniques. Three linear, three weather pattern, and one eigenvector methods were compared for measurement periods ranging from 3 months to 36 months. Average errors, both relative and absolute, and the rms errors in the techniques were determined. The best technique for less than 12 months of measurement was the eigenvector method using weekly mean wind speeds. However, this method was only slightly better than the linear adjusted method. When 12 or more months of data were used, the difference in errors between techniques was found to be slight.

This manual has been prepared for use by any DOE facility as an aid for conducting an internal environmental-protection audit. The manual is organized in modular format, with each module covering a separate area of environmental protection. The questions within each module were developed from existing DOE orders, executive orders, federal statutes, and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations issued pursuant to specific environmental legislation. A bibliography of such legislation is included at the end of this section. Each module also includes questions about a facility's use of industrial standards of practice.

Ray-tracing studies have been combined with a simple wave power balance model to provide a complete, albeit approximate, description of microwave power deposition in the ELMO Bumpy Torus (EBT-I), EBT-Scale (EBT-S), and EBT Proof-of-Principle (EBT-P) devices. Electron cyclotron absorption of ordinary and extraordinary waves by the combined core plasma and relativistic annuli is calculated using a fully relativistic damping package developed for the RAYS geometrical optics code. The rays are traced in finite-beta bumpy cylinder plasma equilibria that are obtained from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) two-dimensional (2-D) equilibrium code. These results for direct, single-pass absorption are combined with results from a statistical model for the deposition of multiply reflected and mode-converted waves to obtain estimates of the power deposited in the core, surface, and annulus plasma components. Wave absorption by the annuli and by the core components at the fundamental and second harmonic resonances, reflection and Budden tunneling of the extraordinary mode at the right-hand cutoff, and conversion between ordinary and extraordinary modes upon wall reflection are the processes included in the power balance model. Experimental measurements of wave power flux on the cavity wall in EBT-S made with a simple microwave calorimeter are in good agreement with …

The Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) will be located at the Savannah River Plant in Aiken, SC, and is scheduled for construction authorization during FY-1984. The reference waste form is borosilicate glass containing approx. 28 wt % sludge oxides, with the balance glass frit. Borosilicate glass was chosen because of its high resistance to leaching by water, its relatively high solubility for nuclides found in the sludge, and its reasonably low melting temperature. The glass frit contains about 58% SiO/sub 2/ and 15% B/sub 2/O/sub 3/. Leachabilities of SRP waste glasses are expected to approach 10/sup -8/ g/m/sup 2/-day based upon 1000-day tests using glasses containing SRP radioactive waste. Tests were performed under a wide variety of conditions simulating repository environments. The canister is filled with 3260 lb of glass which occupies about 85% of the free canister volume. The filled canister will generate approx. 470 watts when filled with oxides from 5-year-old sludge and 15-year-old supernate from the sludge and supernate processes. The radionuclide content of the canister is about 177,000 ci, with a radiation level of 5500 rem/h at canister surface contact. The reference canister is fabricated of standard 24-in.-OD, Schedule 20, 304L stainless steel pipe with a …

This report is the twenty-sixth in the series of progress reports of Mathematics and Statistics Research of the Computer Sciences organization, Union Carbide Corporation Nuclear Division. Part A records research progress in analysis of large data sets, applied analysis, biometrics research, computational statistics, materials science applications, numerical linear algebra, and risk analysis. Collaboration and consulting with others throughout the Oak Ridge Department of Energy complex are recorded in Part B. Included are sections on biological sciences, energy, engineering, environmental sciences, health and safety, and safeguards. Part C summarizes the various educational activities in which the staff was engaged. Part D lists the presentations of research results, and Part E records the staff&#x27;s other professional activities during the report period.

Due to limited space, there is a need to dispose appropriately of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory transuranic waste which is presently stored below ground in 55-gal (208-l) drums within weather-resistant structures. Waste containing less than 100 nCi/g transuranics can be removed from the present storage and be buried, while waste containing greater than 100 nCi/g transuranics must continue to be retrievably stored. To make the necessary measurements needed to determine the drums that can be buried, a transuranic Neutron Interrogation Assay System (NIAS) has been developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory and can make the needed measurements much faster than previous techniques which involved ..gamma..-ray spectroscopy. The previous techniques are reliable but time consuming. Therefore, a validation study has been planned to determine the ability of the NIAS to make adequate measurements. The validation of the NIAS will be based on a paired comparison of a sample of measurements made by the previous techniques and the NIAS. The purpose of this report is to describe the proposed sampling plan and the statistical analyses needed to validate the NIAS. 5 references, 4 figures, 5 tables.

This report gives a complete inventory of the data tapes in the ORNL Meteorological Tape Library (OMTL). The attributes of each tape, including location of the weather station (city and state), station number, standard data format, dates covered, data set name(s), and job control language considerations (record format, record length, blocksize, tape label, and tape density), are listed for each tape. In addition, a description of some of the special characteristics of each of the available standard meteorological data formats is presented.

A pressure transient technique for tracking the advance of cold water fronts during water flooding and goethermal injection operations has been developed. The technique is based on the concept that the steady state pressure buildup in the reservoir region inside the front can be calculated by a fluid skin factor. By analyzing successive pressure falloff tests, the advance of the front in the reservoir can be monitored. The validity of the methods is demonstrated by application to three numerically simulated data sets, a nonisothermal step-rate injection test, a series of pressure falloffs in a multilayered reservoir, and a series of pressure falloff tests in a water flooded oil reservoir.

A prototpye Lithium Lens to be used for the collection of antiprotons in the Fermilab Tevatron I project has been constructed. Some of the fabrication details, the procedure for lithium filling and the results of the initial operation are discussed.

We have used NRC's low-level waste disposal regulation (10CFR61) to classify activated fusion reactor structural materials. The limits set by the NRC in 10CFR61 will require extremely expensive steels with degraded properties, even when the limits are adjusted to give credit for use of an expensive hot waste disposal facility. Both the expense and the poorer properties could have a negative impact on reactor safety, thus subverting the overall goals of the NRC family of regulations. Following this initial study, we have examined the methodology used by the NRC to set waste concentration limits. For a long-lived gamma emitter like /sup 94/Nb, direct gamma dose to an intruding home builder dominates the limit setting process. Of all the tests applied to the waste, the controlling test which sets the lowest limit ignores all the engineered intrusion barriers which are themselves required by the same regulation. If even a small fraction of the barriers remain intact (an extremely likely event), the /sup 94/Nb limit could be increased from the 0.2 Ci/m/sup 3/ in 10CFR61 to 1100 Ci/m/sup 3/ without exceeding the limits set for personnel exposure. Similarly, cautious application of the 10CFR61 methodology to other radioisotopes of interest to fusion designers …

This compilation contains chemical data for geothermal fluids in Idaho available as of December, 1981. The 951 records contain data on location, sample description, analysis type, collection condition, flow rates, and the chemical and physical properties of the fluid. Stable and radioactive isotope data are occasionally available. 6 refs.

A comprehensive modeling study of the Krafla geothermal field in Iceland has been carried out. The study consists of four tasks: the analysis of well test data, modeling of the natural state of the field, the determination of the generating capability of the field, and modeling of well performance. The results of all four tasks are consistent with field observations.

A comprehensive modeling study of the Krafla geothermalfield in Iceland has been carried out. The study consists of four tasks:the analysis of well test data, modeling of the natural state of summaryof the the field, the determination of the generating capability of thefield, and modeling of well performance. The results of all four tasksare consistent with field observation.

Well test data collected from various geothermal fields by the geothermal group at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory are presented. The type of well tests conducted, the instrumentation used and the data collected are described. Experience gained through interpretation of the data has helped identify problems in test procedures and interpretative methods.