A prototype model of a position-sensitive fission counter (PSFC) was developed for power-range flux profile monitoring in light-water reactor cores. The flux profile is measured by delay-line position encoding and time interval decoding of individual fission pulses from 11 small fission counters incorporated along a coaxial transmission line. Significant improvements over currently used flux profile monitors are the 33-cm spatial resolution of the 3.5-m-long PSFC and the requirement for only one cable penetration into the reactor pressure vessel.

The production of identified charged particles in pp collisions at ..sqrt..s = 63 GeV with an identified high p/sub T/ trigger particle emitted in the central region is studied. The measurements were performed at the CERN ISR using the Axial Field Spectrometer. Trigger particle ratios, sigma(..pi../sup + -/)/ sigma(all/sup + -/), sigma(K/sup + -/) and sigma(p/sup + -/)/sigma(all/sup + -/) are presented for p/sub T/ from 5 GeV/c to 8 GeV/c. In addition sigma(..pi../sup + -/)/sigma(all/sup + -/) is presented in the p/sub T/ region from 2.5 GeV/c to 4.5 GeV/c. The charge compensation in the hemisphere containing the trigger particle is shown to depend strongly on the identity of the trigger particle and on the identity of the associated particles. 13 references.

Activation characteristics of a material for service in the neutron flux of a fusion reactor first wall fall into three areas: waste management, reactor maintenance and repair, and safety. Of these, the waste management area is the most likely to impact the public acceptance of fusion reactors for power generation. The decay of the activity in steels within tens of years could lead to simplified waste disposal or possibly even to materials recycle. Whether or not these can be achieved will be controlled by (1) selection of alloying elements, (2) control of critical impurity elements, and (3) control of cross contamination from other reactor components. Several criteria can be used to judge the acceptability of potential alloying elements in iron, and to define the limits on content of critical impurity elements. One approach is to select and limit alloying additions on the basis of the activity. If material recycle is a goal, N, Al, Ni, Cu, Nb, and Mo must be excluded. If simplified waste storage by shallow land burial is the goal, regulations limit the concentration of only a few isotopes. For first-wall material that will be exposed to 9 MW-y/m/sup 2/ service, allowable initial concentration limits include (in …

The MFTF-B Plasma Diagnostics System will be implemented in stages, beginning with a start-up set of diagnostics and evolving toward a basic set. The start-up set contains 12 diagnostics which will acquire a total of about 800 Kbytes of data per machine pulse; the basic set contains 23 diagnostics which will acquire a total of about 8 Mbytes of data per pulse. Each diagnostic is controlled by a Foundation System consisting of a DEC LSI-11/23 microcomputer connected to CAMAC via a 5 Mbits/second serial fiber-optic link and connected to a supervisory computer (Perkin-Elmer 3250) via a 9600 baud RS232 link. The Foundation System is a building block used throughout MFTF-B for control and status monitoring. However, its 9600 baud link to the supervisor presents a bottleneck for the large data transfers required by diagnostics. To overcome this bottleneck the diagnostics Foundation Systems will be connected together with an additional LSI-11/23 called the master to form a Local Area Network (LAN) for data acquisition.

Periodic beam-transport systems have several advantages including insensitivity to errors, minimum magnet apertures, and use of standardized components. A simple procedure is given for the design of modules, with and without bending magnets, that have the same matched beam properties. These modules can be combined in certain ways to produce systems that are achromatic and require a minimum number of matching elements.

We describe a method for getting an equilibrium stellar envelope model using as input the total mass, the envelope mass, the surface effective temperature, the total surface luminosity, and the composition of the envelope. Then wih the structure of the envelope model known, we present a method for obtaining the raidal pulsation periods and growth rates for low order modes. The large amplitude pulsations observed for the yellow and red giants and supergiants are always these radial models, but for the stars nearer the main sequence, as for all of our stars and for the white dwarfs, there frequently are nonradial modes occuring also. Application of linear theory radial pulsation theory is made to the giant star sigma Scuti variables, while the linear nonradial theory will be used for the B stars in later lectures.

After a survey of the state variable analysis method the final amplifier for the CBA is analyzed taking into account the real beam waveshape. An empirical method for checking the stability of a non-linear system is also considered.

Line-coincidence schemes for producing laser action in the wavelength regime 100-30A are reviewed. Schemes involving pumping of 2..-->..4 transitions in neon-like ions are singled out as particularly attractive.

Performance degradation caused by certain radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) machine errors was studied using an efficient 3-D particle-tracing simulation code for a high-brightness example. Matched beams, for which no emittance growth occurs, exist for periodic structures and were used as input beams for particle tracing in the presence of errors. We considered both slowly varying and fast (random) errors that destroy periodicity. Random dipole errors cause emittance growth because of the mismatches they introduce and also result in a motion of the beam centroid that causes a reduction in acceptance. Because of the way RFQs are manufactured, the random error amplitudes can be kept below harmful levels. More important are the slow errors, which are harmful because they reduce acceptance even though they maintain a match (up to the point of particle loss). Slow dipole errors steer the beam toward the wall, and voltage deficiencies cause instabilities in the longitudinal direction resulting in particles not being accelerated to full energy.

We describe the results obtained from the orbit correction system in the NSLS VUV storage ring which consists of 24 PUE stations and 16 horizontal and vertical correction dipoles. The data were obtained by the PUEREAL module of the RING control program which provides automatic switching of the signal from individual electrodes of the PUE stations and provides a readout at harmonic of the rf frequency. The closed orbit is then calculated and corrected by measured displacements of the PUE's from the adjacent quadrupoles. The ORBIT module of the RING program was used to minimize the RMS orbit deviations choosing the most effective correctors and calculating their strengths. For the horizontal case, the correction was accomplished using 3 correctors in two iterations starting with RMS values X = 2.9 mm to X = 0.9 mm. Vertically three iterations and 6 correctors were required to correct the RMS value from Z = 6.8 nm to Z = 0.8 mm.

We have tested a prototype of a micro-jet chamber, using both a nitrogen laser and a 10GeV electron beam. The achieved resolution in the particle beam was sigma = 18..mu..m for a lmm impact parameter and 22..mu..m when averaging over the entire beam profile. The experimental results were compared to a Monte Carlo program which simulates the pulse shapes and resolution in drift chambers of any geometry. The main emphasis in our simulation analysis was to study various strategies for drift chambers in order to achieve the best possible timing resolution.

The beam-transport line from the AGS to CBA requires 68 large bending magnets, consisting of pure dipoles and two types of combined function gradient magnets. All three types were designed with magnetic-field calculation program POISSON, using the same exterior dimensions and coil package. The design goal of +-1% momentum acceptance for the transport line required a wide horizontal aperture, with a much-smaller vertical aperture for economy. Two prototypes of one gradient magnet were built, and a facility constructed to measure them and the later production magnets. Measurements were done using both a long coil and a point coil (Rawson-Lush gaussmeter). Preliminary results show ..delta..B/B < 0.2 x 10/sup -3/, ..delta..G/G < 0.3 x 10/sup -2/, and ..delta..B/sub 2//B < 0.3 x 10/sup -4/ cm/sup -2/ over the beam aperture. Due to end effects, the actual gradient differs from the design gradient by 1%, which has been compensated for in the beam-line design.

Ultrafine, ultrapure silicon carbide powder has been produced by reaction of silane and methane in a high temperature rf plasma. Preliminary studies include the effect of gas composition and of powder (plasma temperature) on the stoichiometry of the powder. The carbon-to-silicon ratio of the powder was varied from 1.0 to 1.9 by changing the process conditions. The powder has a BET surface area of 101 m/sup 2//g, which is equivalent to a particle diameter of 18.5 nm. A particle size in the range of 10 to 20 nm was measured by transmission electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction results indicate a domain size of 7.5 nm and a crystal structure of beta (cubic) silicon carbide. Spectrographic analysis shows that metallic impurities are lower than high quality grade commercial powder. Because of the high surface area, the powder must be stored and processed in an inert atmosphere to prevent severe contamination with oxygen.

Fiber optic sensors are routinely used to measure multi-megampere currents. The sensors are low noise, absolutely calibrated, and electrically decoupled from the pulsed power source. Polarized light from a HeNe laser is guided past the current carrier by a single-mode, low-birefringence fiber. The magnetic field from the current causes a Faraday rotation of the light polarization which is detected by a polarization analyzer and photodiode at the end of the fiber. A rotation of about 250/sup 0//MA +- 5%, slightly less than the Verdet constant for non-birefringent silica glass was observed. It was found that highly birefringent (polarization preserving) optical fibers do not work in this application. The sensor is being ruggedized for field use with high-explosive-driven current sources by using a diode laser and single mode fiber couplers to replace the laboratory system of lenses and spatial filters.

SLAC's first cable TV system was installed in 1979 to remotely monitor a narrow pulse which was generated in the west end of the klystron gallery. When Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) experimental work started at the west end of the accelerator, the original 1979 cable was upgraded to a bidirectional system so that 2 MBaud point-to-point data and several video and 9600 baud channels could be transmitted. The implementation of the SLC requires a complete upgrading of the accelerator control system. The system is based on a distributed processing configuration using a PDP11/780 VAX in the Main Control Center (MCC) and Intel single-board computers in a multibus configuration along the accelerator. The high-speed data linking is supplied by a 1 MBaud Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) Network. The same cable is used to provide video, low-speed data, voice and high-speed point-to-point data services. The transmission system will utilize a wideband midsplit cable facility to collect and distribute signals to all parts of the network.

A high-efficiency free-electron laser oscillator experiment is being constructed at Los Alamos National Laboratory. A buncher system has been designed to deliver 30-ps, 5-nC electron bunches to a 20-MeV standing-wave linac at the 60th subharmonic of the 1300-MHz accelerator frequency. The first 108.3-MHz buncher cavity accepts a 5-ns, 5-A peak current pulse from a triode gun. Following a 120-cm drift space, a second 108.3-MHz cavity is used, primarily to enhance the bunching of the trailing half of the bunch. A 1300-MHz cavity with 20-cm drift spaces at each end completes the beamline components. The bunching process continues into the linac's first three accelerating cells. Two thin iron-shielded lenses and seven large-diameter solenoids provide axial magnetic fields for radial focusing.

A review of computational methods simulating the non-plasma transport of electrons and their attendant cascades is presented. Remarks are mainly restricted to linearized formalisms at electron energies above 1 keV. The effectiveness of various metods is discussed including moments, point-kernel, invariant imbedding, discrete-ordinates, and Monte Carlo. Future research directions and the potential impact on various aspects of science and engineering are indicated.

The ATA is an induction accelerator designed to produce 70 ns pulses of electrons at currents of 10 kA and energies in excess of 50 MeV. The accelerator is capable of operating at an average rate of 5 Hz or at 1 kHz for ten pulses. The parameters were chosen primarily to provide the experimental basis for advancing the understanding of electron beam propagation physics. The 85 m accelerator has been under construction for the past four years and has adopted mainly an improved version of the ETA technology to satisfy the required parameters. Initial operation of the facility and the energy conversion system from primary power to axial electric field will be described; recent advances in magnetic switching which have been incorporated in the innector will also be discussed.

A comparison has been made of the induced radioactivities in the first wall and structural materials of the breeder blanket in the high-flux region for two different fusion-reactor types. One system is the STARFIRE, a tokamak reactor with PCA, a modified stainless steel, as a first wall and a LiAlO/sub 2/ breeder blanket; the other is a reactor based on the STARFIRE design with a vanadium alloy as the first wall and structural material, and circulating molten lithium as the breeder/coolant. The recycling or disposal of these structural materials is evaluated.

A dual-arc-chamber heavy-ion source has been installed on ORIC. This source has exhibited a substantial improvement in performance for beams bwlow mass 20. A 42-..mu..A beam of /sup 16/O/sup 5 +/ was extracted from ORIC using the dual-arc-chamber source, and a 2.5-..mu..A beam of /sup 20/Ne/sup 5 +/ was obtained 1.5 minutes after turning on the arc voltage.

In the present work, samples of a molybdenum-caused green gummy interfacial crud from an operating western US uranium mill have been physically and chemically examined. Formaton of cruds of this description has been a long-standing problem in the use of tertiary amine solvent extraction for the recovery of uranium from low-grade ores (Amex Process). The crud is essentially an organic-continuous dispersion containing about 10 wt % aqueous droplets and about 37 wt % greenish-yellow crystalline solids suspended in kerosene-amine process solvent. The greenish-yellow crystals were found to be a previously unknown double salt of tertiary amine molybdophosphate with three tertiary amine chlorides having the empirical formula (R/sub 3/NH)/sub 3/(PMo/sub 12/O/sub 40/).3(R/sub 3/NH)Cl. To confirm the identification of the compound, a pure trioctylamine (TOA) analog was synthesized. In laboratory extraction experiments, it was demonstrated that organic-soluble amine molydophosphate forms slowly upon contact of TOA solvent with dilute sulfuric acid solutions containing low concentrations of molybdate and phosphate. If the organic solutions of amine molybdophosphate were then contacted with aqueous NaCl solutions, a greenish-yellow precipitate of (TOAH)/sub 3/(PMo/sub 12/O/sub 40/).3(TOAH)Cl formed at the interface. The proposed mechanism for the formation of the crud under process conditions involves build up of molybdenum in …

The effect of gas on void nucleation and growth is particularly important for structural materials in fusion reactors because of the high production of helium by neutron-induced transmutation reactions. Gas reduces the critical radius for bias driven growth and there is a critical number of gas atoms, n/sub g/*, at which the critical radius is reduced essentially to zero. The significance of this is that the time interval to the accumulation of n/sub g/* gas atoms may determine the time to the onset of bias driven swelling where n/sub g/* is large. In previous papers these critical quantities were given for an ideal gas. Recently, we presented the results for a Van der Waals gas. Here the derivation of these relations is presented and further results of calculations are given. At low temperatures (high pressures) the results depart from those of the ideal gas, with the critical number affected more strongly than the critical radius. Comparisons are made with earlier calculations.

Two general-purpose computer programs for thermal-hydraulic analysis have been developed. One is the COMMIX (COMponent MIXing code. The other one is the BODYFIT (BOunDary FITted Coordinate Transformation) code. Solution procedures based on both elliptical and parabolic systems of partial differential equations are provided in these two codes. The COMMIX code is designed to provide global analysis of thermal-hydraulic behavior of a component or multicomponent of engineering problems. The BODYFIT code is capable of treating irregular boundaries and gives more detailed local information on a subcomponent or component. These two codes are complementary to each other and represent the state-of-the-art of thermal-hydraulic analysis. Effort will continue to make further improvements and include additional capabilities in these codes.

The FED-A study aims to quantify the potential improvement in cost-effectiveness of the Fusion Engineering Device (FED) by assuming low safety factor q at the plasma edge and noninductive current drive. The FED-A performance objectives (ignition, neutron wall load, and power-reactor-like operation) are set to be equal to or better than those of the FED Baseline. The results show that assuming magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) q/sub psi/ (edge) to be 1.8 permits reduction in device size and plasma current and leads to a 30% reduction in direct cost. A closely fitted, 1.5-cm-thick, continuous water-cooled shell made of the copper alloy AMAX-MZC (0.6 Cr, 0.1 Zr, 0.03 Mg) is proposed to provide a 0.5-s time constant, to help avoid disruption when q/sub psi/ passes near 2, and to mitigate disruption impact. The lower hybrid wave current drive in a cyclic density operation is proposed to achieve a quasi-steady-state operation permitting a design with low toroidal loop voltage and a 1000-s burn time.