From abstract: Rising ground-water levels are a problem in many urban areas in the United States because of the potential damage to man-made structures such as basements, foundations, utility lines, and septic tank systems. A decrease in ground-water withdrawals, above average precipitation, recharge from irrigation water, and leaky water lines and sewers are some of the causes of water level rises in cities such as San Bernardino, California; Greely and Fort Collins, Colorado; New York City boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens; and Louisville, Kentucky. Dewatering is necessary in many urban areas to maintain water levels below structures.