A pulsed Cs/sup +/ beam has been developed for use on a polarized H/sup -/ source. Cesium ion production is by surface ionization using a porous tungsten ionizer. While satisfactory current pulses (5 to 10 mA greater than or equal to 0.5 ms) can be obtained, the pulse shapes are a sensitive function of the ionizer temperature and Cs surface coverage. The beam optical requirements are stringent, and the optics have been studied experimentally for both Cs/sup +/ and Cs/sup 0/ beams. Computer calculations are in good agreement with the observed results. The present source has delivered 2.6 mA of Cs/sup +/ through the interaction region of the polarized ion source, and as much as 2.0 particle mA of Cs/sup 0/. A new source is being built which is designed to give 15 mA through the interaction region.

It has been realized for some time that the use of the charge exchange reaction of negative deuterium ions with polarized neutral hydrogen yielding neutral deuterium and polarized negative hydrogen ions to produce polarized H/sup -/ ions could be very efficient. While intense H/sup -//D/sup -/ ion sources exist, one encounters space charge problems when trying to put this scheme into practice. In this paper, a simple method, which uses a self-extracted D/sup -/ beam from a ring magnetron source, is proposed. The basic idea is presented, approximate numbers are given and the expected intensity is estimated. The method not only offers improvement in intensity, but equally important, improvements in reliability and lifetime.

The linear collider project at SLAC contains two damping rings to reduce the emittance of short electron or positron bunches which contain 5 x 10/sup 10/ particles per bunch. Two of these bunches are stored at a time and then extracted for acceleration in the collider. The rf system is subject to strong transients in beam loading. A computer model is used to optimize capture while minimizing rf power. The introduction of phase jump in the rf drive at injection time together with offsets in the tuning loops of the rf cavities when no beam is stored allows optimum performance under heavy beam load conditions. The rf system (800 kV at 714 MHz) for the electron damping ring has been built, tested and installed, and is being tested with beam.

The Heber Binary Project had its beginning in studies performed for the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), which identified the need for commercial scale (50 Mw or larger) demonstration of the binary cycle technology. In late 1980, SDG&E and the Department of Energy (DOE) signed a Cooperative Agreement calling for DOE to share in 50 percent of the Project costs. Similarly, SDG&E signed Project participation agreements with EPRI, the Imperial Irrigation District, California Department of Water Resources, and Southern California Edison Company, which provided the remaining 50 percent of the required funding. In 1982, the State of California also joined the Project. The objectives of the Heber Binary Project are to demonstrate the potential of moderate-temperature (below 410 F) geothermal energy to produce economic electric power with binary cycle conversion technology, and to establish schedule, cost and equipment performance, reservoir performance, and the environmental acceptability of such plants. The plant will be the first large-scale power generating facility in the world utilizing the binary conversion process, and it is expected that information resulting from this Project will be applicable to a wide range of moderate-temperature hydrothermal reservoirs, which represent 80 percent of geothermal resources in the United States. To accomplish …

According to beam dynamics calculations it should be possible to accelerate a high-perveance beam in a radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator with low emittance growth and nearly 100% capture efficiency. A 100-mA, 100-keV H/sup -/ ion injector with a 5-Hz, 1-ms duty factor was built for use with this accelerator, but the beam emittance at 100 keV was found to be two to four times the value previously determined at 20 keV. This emittance growth was traced to the 20-keV beam transport, where an instability occurred in the background plasma created by beam ionization of the residual gas. The injector has been rebuilt with a shorter transport length, resulting in greatly reduced emittance growth.

An emittance scanner has been developed for use with low-energy H/sup -/ ion beams to satisfy the following requirements: (1) angular resolution of +-1/2 mrad, (2) small errors from beam space charge, and (3) compact and simple design. The scanner consists of a 10-cm-long analyzer containing two slits and a pair of electric deflection plates driven by a +-500-V linear ramp generator. As the analyzer is mechanically driven across the beam, the front slit passes a thin ribbon of beam through the plates. The ion transit time is short compared with the ramp speed; therefore, the initial angle of the ions that pass through the rear slit is proportional to the instantaneous ramp voltage. The current through the rear slit then is proportional to the phase-space density d/sup 2/i/dxdx'. The data are computer-analyzed to give, for example, rms emittance and phase-space density contours. Comparison of measured data with those calculated from a prepared (collimated) phase space is in good agreement.

Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and other laser-based techniques are being employed in an increasing number of gas and flow field diagnostic applications. In some instances, the necessary instrumentation requires unavailable space and is not portable. Sometimes the process region of interest is relatively inaccessible. These factors complicate and hinder deployment of laser diagnostic techniques. A fiber optics based method for delivering the laser and for returning optical signals can be used to circumvent these problems. Reported here is a demonstration of a fiber optics system for remote monitoring of UF/sub 6/ density and temperature by the LIF method. The description consists of a discussion of a fiber system that conveys the laser beam to the points of interest and a fiber system which transmits the LIF signal to a photomultiplier tube. Representative results from a static gas cell and a centrifuge are presented.

This paper will address areas where relativistic heavy ion accelerators differ from proton facilities. Salient areas are: (1) the specialized injectors for heavy ions; ion sources, structures for very low charge-to-mass ratio (q/A) ions, and stripper optimization; (2) special requirements for the synchrotron ring; ultrahigh vacuum, flexible controls and instrumentation. These areas are discussed in the context of the Bevalac, as well as our idea for a next-generation relativistic heavy ion accelerator.

Negative ion source technology has rapidly advanced during the past several years as a direct consequence of the discovery of Krohn that negative ion yields can be greatly enhanced by sputtering in the presence of Group IA elements. Today, most negative ion sources use this discovery directly or the principles implied to effect negative ion formation through surface ionization. As a consequence, the more traditional direct extraction plasma and charge exchange sources are being used less frequently. However, the charge exchange generation mechanism appears to be as universal, is very competitive in terms of efficiency and has the advantage in terms of metastable ion formation. In this review, an attempt has been made to briefly describe the principal processes involved in negative ion formation and sources which are representative of a particular principle. The reader is referred to the literature for specific details concerning the operational characteristics, emittances, brightnesses, species and intensity capabilities of particular sources. 100 references.

The purpose of this paper is to describe three constitutive models that have been developed for rocks, concrete and filled polymers to represent creep, thermal, stress, and aging effects. Also described in the paper are how these constitutive models are being used to numerically predict the behavior of solids in such diverse situations as aging creep of concrete structures and creeping mantle convection. In all cases low strain rate, compressive material behavior is the main interest.

This paper summarizes the results of three thermo-structural investigations of the behavior of the Fort St. Vrain reactor under operating and upset conditions. The Fort St. Vrain (FSV) reactor is a 330 MWe High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor operated by the Public Service Company of Colorado (PSCo). The three investigations are concerned with liner cooling system hot spots, with control rod drive mechanism over temperature, and with structural integrity of the core support under a postulated loss-of-flow condition.

This paper describes software which provides a means of sharing data among tasks and of accessing and altering dynamically the values of parameters in an executing task. The parameters reside in an RSX-11M memory management region or a VMS global section. The data may be accessed and altered by any task attaching the region. An interactive task is described which allows the user read/write access to the parameters from the keyboard. Keyboard commands can be used to make a disk file copy of values in the region, to initialize the values from a disk file, to examine and modify values, and to define synonyms for parameters. User-callable subroutines which create, attach, and map the region are also described.

The Tritium Systems Test Assembly (TSTA) project at Los Alamos is charged with developing and demonstrating the tritium technology required to fuel a deuterium-tritium burning fusion reactor and to develop and evaluate the personnel and environmental safety systems associated with the tritium facility. The TSTA project completed the construction phase in late 1982 and is currently in the component checkout and early experimental phase. Tritium introduction is scheduled for mid-summer 1983. Several major systems have been operated and tested with hydrogen and deuterium. These include the vacuum pump, the isotope separation system and the emergency tritium cleanup system. The results of the early experiments are summarized and the experimental programs for other systems are presented.

We present designs for two negative-ion based neutral beam lines with reactor-level power output. Both beam lines make use of such technologically advanced features as high-current-density surface-conversion ion sources, transverse-field-focussing (TFF) acceleration and transport, and laser photodetachment. For the second of these designs, we also presented detailed beam and vacuum calculations, as well as a brief description of a proof-of-principle test system currently under development.

Peat, the precursor of coal, is predominantly composed of partially decomposed plant debris along with varying amounts of inorganic material. This inorganic matter (often referred to as ash) consists of a mixture of distinct mineral species and ionically-bound or complexed inorganic compounds. The composition of this inorganic fraction is controlled by a variety of botanical and depositional environments and processes. The peats used in this study are from the Okefenokee Swamp, a low-sulfur, exclusively fresh water analog of an ancient coal-forming environment. Unlike other peat deposits, the inorganic fraction of Okefenokee peats is primarily composed of silica, most of which consists of biologically-derived, authigenic particles. However, the peats do contain non-biogenic mineral particles of both a silica and non-silica composition. The purpose of this project was to determine grain textures and elemental compositions of the non-biogenic particles through use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis. Analytical results indicate that many of these mineral particles are detrital in origin.

By means of the adiabatic cranking model the properties of the current and velocity fields of nuclear quadrupole vibrations for even-even nuclei in the rare-earth region are investigated. BCS correlated wave functions based on the Nilsson single particle Hamiltonian have been used. The current fields are analyzed in terms of vector spherical harmonics. The realistic microscopic currents show a vortex structure not present in the classical irrotational flow. The microscopic origin of the vortex structure is investigated.

This paper examines leading space nuclear power technology candidates. Particular emphasis is given the heat-pipe reactor technology currently under development at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. This program is aimed at developing a 10-100 kWe, 7-year lifetime space nuclear power plant. As the demand for space-based power reaches megawatt levels, other nuclear reactor designs including: solid core, fluidized bed, and gaseous core, are considered.

The sensitivity, dynamic range, and sample through-put rate attributes of the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) call for its consideration as the instrument of choice for the multielement analysis of radioactive samples. Based on our experience in handling radioactive materials, considerations are presented concerning safety of the operator, modularity of the ICP-atomic emission spectrometer systems, reduction of the complex actinide spectra, atomization systems, drain and recovery systems, aerosol containment, heat dissipation, radiolysis effects of sample on dry-box environment, and liquid and solid sampling.

The beam alignment system for the 24-beam-sector Antares CO/sub 2/ fusion laser automatically aligns more than 200 optical elements. A visible-wavelength alignment technique is employed which uses a telescope/TV system to view point-light sources appropriately located down the beamline. The centroids of the light spots are determined by a video tracker, which generates error signals used by the computer control system to move appropriate mirrors in a closed-loop system. Final touch-up alignment is accomplished by projecting a CO/sub 2/ alignment laser beam through the system and sensing its position at the target location. The techniques and control algorithms employed have resulted in alignment accuracies exceeding design requirements. By employing video processing to determine the centroids of diffraction images and by averaging over multiple TV frames, we achieve alignment accuracies better than 0.1 times system diffraction limits in the presence of air turbulence.

The Antares Automatic Alignment System employs a specially designed telescope for alignment of its laser beamlines. There are two telescopes in the system, and since each telescope is a primary alignment reference, stringent boresight accuracy and stability over the focus range were required. Optical and mechanical designs, which meet this requirement as well as that of image quality over a wide wavelength band, are described. Special test techniques for initial assembly and alignment of the telescope are also presented. The telescope, which has a 180-mm aperture FK51-KZF2 type glass doublet objective, requires a boresight accuracy of 2.8 ..mu..rad at two focal lengths, and object distances between 11 meters and infinity. Travel of a smaller secondary doublet provides focus from 11 m to infinity with approximately 7.8 m effective focal length. By flipping in a third doublet, the effective focal length is reduced to 2.5 m. Telescope alignment was accomplished by using a rotary air bearing to establish an axis in front of the system and placing the focus of a Laser Unequal Path Interferometer (LUPI) at the image plane.

A commercially available joule-heated glass furnace system is currently being evaluated at Mound as a means of processing low-level radioactive waste typically found in light water reactor facilities. This evaluation has been primarily concerned with determining the effectiveness of the processing technique in the areas of volume reduction and immobilization. The first phase of the evaluation consisted of a series of nonradioactive experiments to determine the combustion efficiency of the furnace and chemical durability of the glass for several waste types deemed representative of power plant effluent streams. Upon completion of this work, radioactive spiked experiments were initiated which will provide, when completed, a comprehensive mass balance and establish volatility trends for several predominant radioisotopes. 1 reference.

Ion-implantation-induced alkali depletion in simple alkali-silicate glasses (12M/sub 2/O.88SiO/sub 2/) has been studied for implantations at room temperature and near 77K. Results are consistent with a mechanism for alkali removal, by heavy ion bombardment, based on radiation-enhanced migration and preferential removal of alkali from the outermost layers. Similar results were obtained for mixed-alkali glasses ((12-x)Cs/sub 2/.O.xM/sub 2/O.88SiO/sub 2/) where, in addition, a mixed-alkali effect may also be operative. Some preliminary experiments with ion implantation through thin Al films on SiO/sub 2/ glass and on a phosphate glass show that inter-diffusion takes place and suggest that this ion-mixing technique may be a useful method for altering the physical properties of glass surfaces.

Five new gas geothermometers are introduced. They are useful for predicting subsurface temperatures in water dominated geothermal systems. The geothermometers use data on CO{sub 2}, H{sub 2}S and H{sub 2} concentrations in fumarole steam as well as CO{sub 2}/H{sub 2} and H{sub 2}S/H{sub 2} ratios. It is demonstrated that the gas composition of fumarole steam may be used with or withour drillhole data to evaluate steam condensation in the upflow zones of geothermal systems. Uncertainty exists, however, in distinguishing between the effects of steam condensation and phase separation at elevated pressures. The gas content in steam from discharging wells and the solute content of the water phase can be used to evaluate which boiling processes lead to "excess steam" in the discharge and at which temperature this "excess steam" is added to the fluid moving through the aquifer and into the well. Examples, using field data, are given to demonstrate all the mentioned applications of geothermal chemistry.

Synchrotron radiation has been used successfully to identify electrons of 10 to 30 GeV traversing a field length of 30 kG-m. Since comparable field lengths are a feature of many proposed collider detectors, and since this is an electron energy range of interest at ..sqrt..s approx. = 1 TeV, we consider whether such a device could be useful in the L = 10/sup 33/ environment.