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Enhanced oil recovery by CO/sub 2/ foam flooding. Annual report, October 1, 1982-September 30, 1983 (open access)

Enhanced oil recovery by CO/sub 2/ foam flooding. Annual report, October 1, 1982-September 30, 1983

The objective is to identify commercially available additives which are effective in reducing the mobility of carbon dioxide, CO/sub 2/, thereby improving its efficiency in the recovery of tertiary oil, and which are low enough in cost to be economically attractive. During the past year significant progress has been made in developing a commercial method of reducing the mobility of carbon dioxide in enhanced oil recovery processes. Four basic chemical structures, listed below, appear to show most promise for gas mobility control: (1) ethoxylated adducts of C/sub 8/ - C/sub 14/ linear alcohols; (2) sulfate esters of ethoxylated C/sub 9/ - C/sub 16/ linear alcohols; (3) low molecular weight co-polymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide; and (4) synthetic organic sulfonates. With the exception of the sulfonates, the above types are compatible with normal oil field brines, unaffected by the presence of crude oil and stable under conditions common in a petroleum reservoir. The second significant result during the year involves identification of several sulfonate structures that have high potential for mobility control for carbon dioxide. Commercial sulfonate additives are available that appear optimum for reservoirs where freshwater will be used to inject the surfactant solution. They can also be …
Date: December 22, 1983
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Microcrystalline silicon growth for heterojunction solar cells. Second quarterly report, 1 April 1983-30 June 1983 (open access)

Microcrystalline silicon growth for heterojunction solar cells. Second quarterly report, 1 April 1983-30 June 1983

In this reporting period, a single source of evaporation with B mixed with highly doped Si was used instead of the co-evaporation of separate Si and B sources. The purpose was to reduce possible carbon contamination. The results of both the heterojunction or heteroface structures, however, were similar to last quarter when evaporation was used. The best Voc of the heterojunction was about 460mV and no improvement in Voc in the heteroface structure, was observed; slight Voc degradation occurred. A study of the p m-Si/p c-Si structure showed a negative Voc in many cases. The highest /sup 0/C voltage was up to -150mV. This indicated that the interface properties between the two materials are such that instead of repelling minority carriers from the substrate carrier, collection actually occurred. This structure defeated the purpose, but it might also mean that n-type m-Si could be beneficial and should be included in future study. Another study of cells made in the part of substrates not covered by m-Si resulted in performance lower than the controls. This indicated possible substrate degradation in the process, the extent of which will be studied in the future.
Date: January 1, 1983
Creator: Iles, P. A.; Leung, D. C. & Fang, P. H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Computation of self-consistent 2-D MHD with neutral-beam and bootstrap currents in elongated plasmas (open access)

Computation of self-consistent 2-D MHD with neutral-beam and bootstrap currents in elongated plasmas

The observation of substantial current drive from neutral beam injection (NBI) in TFTR, JET and DIII-D has led to renewed interest in a steady state, non-inductively driven tokamak. The discovery of apparently considerable neoclassical (bootstrap) current in TFTR, makes a steady state device even more attractive since the bootstrap portion of the current could be obtained without additional power input. Motivated by these results, we have developed a code, ACCOME, which self-consistently computes the 2-D MHD equilibrium with the current driven by neutral beams, bootstrap and the electric field. In this paper we first describe some details of the code in the next section and in the subsequent section show some applications to DIII-D and to a possible ITER design.
Date: April 5, 1983
Creator: Devoto, R. S.; Tani, K. & Azumi, M.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Proceedings of the flat-plate solar array project research forum on photovoltaic metallization systems (open access)

Proceedings of the flat-plate solar array project research forum on photovoltaic metallization systems

A Photovoltaic Metallization Research Forum, under the sponsorship of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Flat-Plate Solar Array Project and the US Department of Energy, was held March 16-18, 1983 at Pine Mountain, Georgia. The Forum consisted of five sessions, covering (1) the current status of metallization systems, (2) system design, (3) thick-film metallization, (4) advanced techniques and (5) future metallization challenges. Twenty-three papers were presented.
Date: November 15, 1983
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Technician support for operation and maintenance of large fusion experiments: the tandem mirror experiment upgrade (TMX-U) approach (open access)

Technician support for operation and maintenance of large fusion experiments: the tandem mirror experiment upgrade (TMX-U) approach

As experiments continue to grow in size and complexity, a few technicians will no longer be able to maintain and operate the complete experiment. Specialization is becoming the norm. Subsystems are becoming very large and complex, requiring a great deal of experience and training for technicians to become qualified maintenance/operation personnel. Formal in-house and off-site programs supplement on-the-job training to fulfill the qualification criteria. This paper presents the Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade (TMX-U) approach to manpower staffing, some problems encountered, possible improvements, and safety considerations for the successful operation of a large experimental facility.
Date: December 1, 1983
Creator: Mattson, G.E.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Final Report of Modeling of CWM Droplet Combustion (open access)

Final Report of Modeling of CWM Droplet Combustion

The objective of the present study was to develop a one-dimensional, unsteady state model for coal-water mixture droplet combustion, and to compare the characteristic times for the various processes, such as water vaporization, devolatilization and char oxidation with available experimental data. A water film surrounding a spherical coal particle is considered to undergo vaporization by heat transfer from the hot air. After the water vaporization is complete, devolatilization begins. This process is assumed to be kinetically controlled. Water vaporization and devolatilization processes are modeled by using a hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian method to obtain the properties of the gas-phase and the condensed-phase. An explicit finite difference scheme is used to solve the Eulerian gas-phase equation where as a Runga-Kutta scheme is employed to solve the Lagrangian condensed-phase equations. The predicted characteristic times for water vaporization is in good agreement with values proposed in the literature. At the present time there is insufficient data to draw any conclusions on the model. Methods are proposed to refine the simple kinetic model which takes into account pore diffusion and mass transfer for devolatilization and char oxidation. 9 references, 12 figures.
Date: October 1, 1983
Creator: Pandalai, Krish; Aggarwal, Suresh & Sirignano, William
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Drug metabolizing enzyme systems and their relationship to toxic mechanisms (open access)

Drug metabolizing enzyme systems and their relationship to toxic mechanisms

The metabolism and toxicity of 3-methylfuran (3-MF) are described. The major product of metabolic activation of 3-MF appears to be disemicarbazones. Cursory description of toxic effects of 3-MF on lung and kidneys are provided. 18 refs.
Date: January 1, 1983
Creator: Boyd, M. R.; Ravindranath, V.; Burka, L. T.; Dutcher, J. S.; Franklin, R. B.; Statham, C. N. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Catalytic steam gasification of bagasse for the production of methanol (open access)

Catalytic steam gasification of bagasse for the production of methanol

Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) tested the catalytic gasification of bagasse for the production of methanol synthesis gas. The process uses steam, indirect heat, and a catalyst to produce synthesis gas in one step in fluidized bed gasifier. Both laboratory and process development scale (nominal 1 ton/day) gasifiers were used to test two different catalyst systems: (1) supported nickel catalysts and (2) alkali carbonates doped on the bagasse. This paper presents the results of laboratory and process development unit gasification tests and includes an economic evaluation of the process. 20 references, 6 figures, 9 tables.
Date: December 1, 1983
Creator: Baker, E.G. & Brown, M.D.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Confirmation test for gas/slurry flow in SRC-I coal liquefaction process. Internal R and D final report (open access)

Confirmation test for gas/slurry flow in SRC-I coal liquefaction process. Internal R and D final report

The overall objective of program 12.11.1 was to provide data needed to confirm the design of the transport system, slurry heat exchangers, and slurry feed manifolds for the SRC-I Demonstration Plant. Because of lack of funds, the program was terminated before most of the work was completed. Two studies related to distribution of two-phase flow in the heat exchanger tubes were finished. A special system was designed to measure slurry concentration and flow rate in different tubes. Results showed that withdrawing slurry samples from the sides of the tubes gives a reasonably accurate measure of the concentration. Flow rate was measured indirectly with a photodiode/digital counter arrangement that measured velocity of a gas slug injected in the tube. A simple linear correlation was found to exist between the average slurry velocity and the gas-slug velocity. 1 reference, 25 figures.
Date: September 1, 1983
Creator: Moujaes, S.F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Formation of H/sup -/ by charge transfer in alkaline-earth vapors (open access)

Formation of H/sup -/ by charge transfer in alkaline-earth vapors

Progress since the last symposium on the study of H/sup -/ formation by charge transfer in alkaline-earth vapors is reported. High yields are obtained at low energies, in agreement with theoretical predictions.
Date: December 5, 1983
Creator: Schlachter, A.S. & Morgan, T.J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Development of BEACON technology. Quarterly report, April-June 1982 (open access)

Development of BEACON technology. Quarterly report, April-June 1982

The BEACON process involves the catalytic deposition of a highly reactive form of carbon from a gas stream which contains carbon monoxide. The carbon-depleted gas is combusted with air to produce power, and the carbon is reacted with steam to produce methane or hydrogen. Experiments were continued this quarter with the objective of improving the carbon deposition efficiency using a Paraho retort off-gas mixture. Analysis has shown that the use of the Paraho off-gas to make hydrogen would be attractive if the ratio of the heat content of the feedgas to the heat content of the hydrogen produced is less than 3. Experimental conditions to achieve this ratio have been established. Recent work had shown that the volume of a BEACON supported catalyst bed increased with an increase in carbon loading level. Four series of experiments were performed where sieve analyses were made after one or more BEACON process cycles. These tests showed that the volume expansion is due to an increase in the number and size of the larger catalyst particles. The bench-scale testing of unsupported catalysts concentrated in two areas: (a) the completion of batch testing in the 4-inch reactor, and (b) the construction of the Tandem Reactor …
Date: March 1, 1983
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Low Cost Solar Array Project cell and module formation research area. Process research of non-CZ silicon material. Final report, November 26, 1980-September 30, 1983 (open access)

Low Cost Solar Array Project cell and module formation research area. Process research of non-CZ silicon material. Final report, November 26, 1980-September 30, 1983

The primary objective of the work reported was to investigate high-risk, high-payoff research areas associated with the Westinghouse process for producing photovoltaic modules using non-Czochralski sheet material. These tasks were addressed: technical feasibility study of forming front and back junctions using liquid dopant techniques, liquid diffusion mask feasibility study, application studies of antireflective material using a meniscus coater, ion implantation compatibility/feasibility study, and cost analysis. (LEW)
Date: January 1, 1983
Creator: Campbell, R.B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Fluidized-bed waste-heat recovery system development. Semiannual report, February 1, 1983-July 31, 1983 (open access)

Fluidized-bed waste-heat recovery system development. Semiannual report, February 1, 1983-July 31, 1983

A major energy loss in industry is the heat content of the flue gases from industrial process heaters. One effective way to utilize this energy, which is applicable to all processes, is to preheat the combustion air from the process heater. Although recuperators are available to preheat this air when the flue gases are clean, recuperators to recover the heat from dirty and corrosive flue gases do not exist. The Fluidized-Bed Waste-Heat Recovery (FBWHR) System is designed to preheat this combustion air using the heat available in dirty flue gas streams. In this system, a recirculating medium is heated by the flue gas in a fluidized bed. The hot medium is then removed from the bed and placed in a second fluidized bed where it is fluidized by the combustion air. Through this process, the combustion air is heated. The cooled medium is then returned to the first bed. Initial development of this concept is for the aluminum smelting industry. In this report, the accomplishments of the proceeding six-month period are described.
Date: August 1, 1983
Creator: Cole, W. E.; De Saro, R. & Joshi, C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Participants' Information Meeting: DOE Low-Level Waste Management Program (open access)

Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Participants' Information Meeting: DOE Low-Level Waste Management Program

The meeting consisted of the following six sessions: (1) plenary session I; (2) disposal technology; (3) characteristics and treatment of low-level waste; (4) environmental aspects and performance prediction; (5) overall summary sessions; and (6) plenary session II. Fifty two papers of the papers presented were processed for inclusion in the Energy Data Base. (ATT)
Date: December 1, 1983
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Studies in Coal Liquefaction with Application to the SRC and Related Processes. Final Report, November 1978-September 1983 (open access)

Studies in Coal Liquefaction with Application to the SRC and Related Processes. Final Report, November 1978-September 1983

The objective of this research program is to systematically investigate, characterize, and delineate the effects of changes in process operating conditions, equipment configuration, and nature of raw materials upon the kinetics, mechanism, and extent of coal dissolution, heteroatom removal, and hydrogenation in the SRC and closely related processes, for the purpose of providing an increased fundamental understanding of SRC process chemistry as well as guidelines and recommendations leading to economic and technical improvements in SRC technology. The program objectives were carried out in cooperation with the Souther Services' SRC pilot plant operation at Wilsonville, Alabama, and with the Rust Engineering subsidiary of Wheelabrator-Frye, Inc. The program is composed of the following 3 tasks: (1) mechanistic studies of coal particle dissolution; (2) catalysis by coal mineral matter; and (3) analytical support. A summary of the most important aspects of the work is presented in this report. Detailed results can be found by referring to the twenty quarterly reports and over thirty technical papers and presentations resulting from work under this contract.
Date: January 1, 1983
Creator: Tarrer, A. R.; Guin, J. A. & Curtis, C. W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Studies on transition metals and alloy Fischer-Tropsch catalysts, their electronic and bulk properties. (I: Fe/MnO; II: Fe/TiO/sub 2/; III: Fe/Mord. ). Final report, July 1, 1982-September 30, 1983 (open access)

Studies on transition metals and alloy Fischer-Tropsch catalysts, their electronic and bulk properties. (I: Fe/MnO; II: Fe/TiO/sub 2/; III: Fe/Mord. ). Final report, July 1, 1982-September 30, 1983

The objectives were: (1) to characterize samples D1, 10% FeO/90% MnO, and D2, 48% FeO/52% MnO, under varying conditions of reduction (at 250/sup 0/C or 350/sup 0/C in H/sub 2/) and of syngas reaction 1:1 of CO:H/sub 2/ at 290/sup 0/C) and in some cases use CO only for reduction and to identify species by Moessbauer Spectroscopy and Magnetization (sigma/sub s) measurement; (2) similarly, to see if there is any metal (oxide)/support (Mordenite) interaction by the same techniques. The characterization was carried out with above techniques and the kinetic results for syngas were obtained on the above systems mostly at PETC. During reduction of Fe-oxide/Mn-oxide an intermediate Mn-ferrite phase was detected. After reduction, species such as Fe/sup 0/+Fe/sup 3 +/+Fe/sup 2 +/ in varying total proportions (45% at 290/sup 0/C and Fe/sup 0/+Fe/sup 2 +/ 75% were found at 350/sup 0/C). Syngas conversion showed Fe-carbides (Fe/sub 2/C/sub 2/+Fe/sub 3/C) depending on the reaction conditions, and the composition of D/sub 1/ and D/sub 2/. With the fresh ..gamma..-Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/ (identified by Moessbauer) on Mordenites with varying ratios of SiO/sub 2//Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, a decrease in (sigma/sub s/) was found with lowering of the ratios from 60 to 17. At 17% …
Date: November 1, 1983
Creator: Mulay, L.N.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Data needs for the track structure of alpha particles and electrons in water (open access)

Data needs for the track structure of alpha particles and electrons in water

We have made calculations of the ionization spectra for alpha particle and electron tracks in water. We have also computed the number of ions created per micrometre of track length, the energy distribution of the secondaries, and the energy expended per ion pair created. Our aim is less toward theoretical derivations than to obtain a numerically accurate description of the track structure at all energies in a form suitable for biomedical applications. 13 references.
Date: January 1, 1983
Creator: Pagnamenta, A.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Hot gas cleanup using solid supported molten salt for integrated coal gasification/molten carbonate fuel cell power plants. Topical report, October 1982-December 1983 (open access)

Hot gas cleanup using solid supported molten salt for integrated coal gasification/molten carbonate fuel cell power plants. Topical report, October 1982-December 1983

Battelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratories is developing a solid supported molten salt (SSMS) hot gas cleanup process for integrated coal gasification/molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) power plants. Exploratory and demonstration experiments have been completed to select a salt composition and evaluate its potential for simultaneous hydrogen sulfide (H/sub 2/S) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) removal under the conditions projected for the MCFC plants. Results to date indicate that equilibrium capacity and removal efficiencies may be adequate for one step H/sub 2/S and HCl removal. Regeneration produced a lower H/sub 2/S concentration than expected, but one from which sulfur could be recovered. Bench scale experiments will be designed to confirm laboratory results, check carbonyl sulfide removal, refine dual cycle (sulfide-chloride) regeneration techniques and obtain data for engineering/economic evaluation and scale-up. 8 references, 24 figures, 7 tables.
Date: December 1, 1983
Creator: Lyke, S. E.; Sealock, L. J. Jr. & Roberts, G. L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Centrifugal slurry pump wear and hydraulic studies. Phase II report. Experimental studies (open access)

Centrifugal slurry pump wear and hydraulic studies. Phase II report. Experimental studies

This report describes the work performed by Ingersoll-Rand Research, Inc., under Phase II, Experimental Studies for the contract entitled, Centrifugal Slurry Pump Wear and Hydraulic Studies. This work was carried out for the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC-82PC50035. The basic development approach pursued this phase is presented, followed by a discussion on wear relationships. The analysis, which resulted in the development of a mathematical wear model relating pump life to some of the key design and operating parameters, is presented. The results, observations, and conclusions of the experimental investigation on small scale pumps that led to the selected design features for the prototype pump are discussed. The material investigation was performed at IRRI, ORNL and Battelle. The rationale for selecting the materials for testing, the test methods and apparatus used, and the results obtained are presented followed by a discussion on materials for a prototype pump. In addition, the prototype pump test facility description, as well as the related design and equipment details, are presented. 20 references, 53 figures, 13 tables.
Date: January 1, 1983
Creator: Mistry, D.; Cooper, P.; Biswas, C.; Sloteman, D. & Onuschak, A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Application of the graphical unitary group approach to the energy second derivative for CI wave functions via the coupled perturbed CI equations (open access)

Application of the graphical unitary group approach to the energy second derivative for CI wave functions via the coupled perturbed CI equations

Analytic derivatives of the potential energy for Self-Consistent-Field (SCF) wave functions have been developed in recent years and found to be useful tools. The first derivative for configuration interaction (CI) wave functions is also available. This work details the extension of analytic methods to energy second derivatives for CI wave functions. The principal extension required for second derivatives is evaluation of the first order change in the CI wave function with respect to a nuclear perturbation. The shape driven graphical unitary group approach (SDGUGA) direct CI program was adapted to evaluate this term via the coupled-perturbed CI equations. Several iterative schemes are compared for use in solving these equations. The pilot program makes no use of molecular symmetry but the timing results show that utilization of molecular symmetry is desirable. The principles for defining and solving a set of symmetry adapted equations are discussed. Evaluation of the second derivative also requires the solution of the second order coupled-perturbed Hartree-Fock equations to obtain the correction to the molecular orbitals due to the nuclear perturbation. This process takes a consistently higher percentage of the computation time than for the first order equations alone and a strategy for its reduction is discussed.
Date: October 1, 1983
Creator: Fox, D.J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Open Cycle Lithium Chloride Cooling System. Final Report, March 1, 1982-May 28, 1983 (open access)

Open Cycle Lithium Chloride Cooling System. Final Report, March 1, 1982-May 28, 1983

A lithium chloride open cycle absorption chiller has been designed, built and tested. Solution reconcentration takes place in a small counter-current packed column supplied with solar heated air. Removal of non-condensable gases that enter the chiller dissolved in the strong solution and the make-up refrigerant streams is accomplished by a liquid-jet ejector and a small vacuum pump. Cooling capacities approaching 1.4 tons and COP levels of 0.58 have been achieved at non-optimum operating conditions. Test results from preliminary system operation suggest that mass transfer processes in both the packed column reconcentrator and the absorber are controlled by concentration gradients in the lithium chloride solution. Liquid phase controlled mass transfer dictates an operating strategy different from the previously assumed gas phase controlled process to obtain maximum rates of evaporation in the packed column. Determination of optimal operating conditions leading to decreased electrical power consumption and improved cooling capacity and coefficient of performance will require further analysis and testing.
Date: May 1, 1983
Creator: Lenz, T. G.; Loef, G. O.G.; Iyer, R. & Wenger, J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Some Scoping Experiments for a Space Reactor (open access)

Some Scoping Experiments for a Space Reactor

Some scoping experiments were performed to evaluate fuel performance in a lithium heat pipe reactor operating at a nominal 1500K heat pipe temperature. Fuel-coolant and fuel-coolant-clad relationships showed that once a failed heat pipe occurs temperatures can rise high enough so that large concentrations of uranium can be transported by the vapor phase. Upon condensation this uranium would be capable of penetrating heat pipes adjacent to the failed pipe. The potential for propagation of failure exists with UO/sub 2/ and a lithium heat pipe. Changing the composition of the metal of the heat pipe would have only a second order effect on the kinetics of the failure mechanism. Uranium carbide and nitride were considered as potential fuels which are nonreactive in a lithium environment. At high temperatures the nitride would be favored because of its better compatibility with potential cladding materials. Compositions of UN with small additions of YN appear to offer very attractive properties for a compact high temperature high power density reactor.
Date: July 7, 1983
Creator: Alexander, C. A. & Ogden, J. S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Variational methods in steady state diffusion problems (open access)

Variational methods in steady state diffusion problems

Classical variational techniques are used to obtain accurate solutions to the multigroup multiregion one dimensional steady state neutron diffusion equation. Analytic solutions are constructed for benchmark verification. Functionals with cubic trial functions and conservational lagrangian constraints are exhibited and compared with nonconservational functionals with respect to neutron balance and to relative flux and current at interfaces. Excellent agreement of the conservational functionals using cubic trial functions is obtained in comparison with analytic solutions.
Date: January 1, 1983
Creator: Lee, C.E.; Fan, W.C.P. & Bratton, R.L.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Results on nu/sub. mu. /e Elastic Scattering (open access)

Results on nu/sub. mu. /e Elastic Scattering

A measurement of the nu/sub ..mu../e elastic scattering cross section is presented. These data analyzed were run at the Brookhaven AGS wide band neutrino beam ((E/sub nu/) = 1.5 GeV).
Date: January 1, 1983
Creator: Ahrens, L. A.; Aronson, S. H.; Connolly, P. L.; Callas, J. L.; Cutts, D.; Amako, K. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library