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Adaptive Mesh Refinement for 1-Dimensional Gas Dynamics
We consider the solution of the one-dimensional equation of gas-dynamics. Accurate numerical solutions are difficult to obtain on a given spatial mesh because of the existence of physical regions where components of the exact solution are either discontinuous or have large gradient changes. Numerical methods treat these phenomena in a variety of ways. In this paper, the method of adaptive mesh refinement is used. A thorough description of this method for general hyperbolic systems is given elsewhere and only properties of the method pertinent to the system are elaborated.
Date:
1982-08~
Creator:
Hedstrom, Gerald; Rodrigue, Garry; Berger, Marsha & Oliger, Joseph
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Acoustic agglomeration of power plant fly ash. Final report
The work has shown that acoustic agglomeration at practical acoustic intensities and frequencies is technically and most likely economically viable. The following studies were performed with the listed results: The physics of acoustic agglomeration is complex particularly at the needed high acoustic intensities in the range of 150 to 160 dB and frequencies in the 2500 Hz range. The analytical model which we developed, although not including nonlinear acoustic efforts, agreed with the trends observed. We concentrated our efforts on clarifying the impact of high acoustic intensities on the generation of turbulence. Results from a special set of tests show that although some acoustically generated turbulence of sorts exists in the 150 to 170 dB range with acoustic streaming present, such turbulence will not be a significant factor in acoustic agglomeration compared to the dominant effect of the acoustic velocities at the fundamental frequency and its harmonics. Studies of the robustness of the agglomerated particles using the Anderson Mark III impactor as the source of the shear stresses on the particles show that the agglomerates should be able to withstand the rigors of flow through commercial cyclones without significant break-up. We designed and developed a 700/sup 0/F tubular agglomerator of …
Date:
January 1, 1982
Creator:
Reethof, G. & McDaniel, O.H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Simulating the operation of a port contender with SIM 4: applying Monte Carlo techniques to the Gandalf PACX IV
A simulation program, SIM 4, has been written which utilizes usage statistics to project PACK IV performance. Using this program, system managers can allocate scarce resources in an efficient manner.
Date:
March 1, 1982
Creator:
Totendino, L.F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Aspects of model selection in multivariate analyses
Analysis of data sets that involve large numbers of variables usually entails some type of model fitting and data reduction. In regression problems, a fitted model that is obtained by a selection process can be difficult to evaluate because of optimism induced by the choice mechanism. Problems in areas such as discriminant analysis, calibration, and the like often lead to similar difficulties. The preceeding sections reviewed some of the general ideas behind assessment of regression-type predictors and illustrated how they can be easily incorporated into a standard data analysis.
Date:
January 1, 1982
Creator:
Picard, R.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fast-neutron total and scattering cross sections of elemental palladium
Neutron total cross sections of palladium are measured from approx. = 0.6 to 4.5 MeV with resolutions of approx. = 30 to 70 keV at intervals of less than or equal to 50 keV. Differential neutron elastic- and inelastic-scattering cross sections are measured from 1.4 to 3.85 MeV at intervals of 50 to 100 keV and at 10 to 20 scattering angles distributed between approx. = 20 and 160/sup 0/. The experimental results are compared with respective quantities given in ENDF/B-V and used to deduce an optical potential that provides a good description of the measured values.
Date:
June 1, 1982
Creator:
Smith, A. B.; Guenther, P. T. & Whalen, J. F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Interaction of noble-metal fission products with pyrolytic silicon carbide
Fuel particles for the High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTGR) contain layers of pyrolytic carbon and silicon carbide, which act as a miniature pressure vessel and form the primary fission product barrier. Of the many fission products formed during irradiation, the noble metals are of particular interest because they interact significantly with the SiC layer and their concentrations are somewhat higher in the low-enriched uranium fuels currently under consideration. To study fission product-SiC interactions, particles of UO/sub 2/ or UC/sub 2/ are doped with fission product elements before coating and are then held in a thermal gradient up to several thousand hours. Examination of the SiC coatings by TEM-AEM after annealing shows that silver behaves differently from the palladium group.
Date:
January 1, 1982
Creator:
Lauf, R. J. & Braski, D. N.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
High-temperature turbine technology program hot-gas path development test. Part II. Testing
This topical report of the US Department of Energy High-Temperature Turbine Technology (DOE-HTTT) Phase II program presents the results of testing full-scale water-cooled first-stage and second-stage turbine nozzles at design temperature and pressure to verify that the designs are adequate for operation in a full-scale turbine environment. Low-cycle fatigue life of the nozzles was demonstrated by subjecting cascade assemblies to several hundred simulated startup/shutdown turbine cycles. This testing was accomplished in the Hot-Gas Path Development Test Stand (HGPDTS), which is capable of evaluating full-scale combustion and turbine nozzle components. A three-throat cascade of the first-stage turbine nozzle was successfully tested at a nozzle inlet gas temperature of 2630/sup 0/F and a nozzle inlet pressure of 11.3 atmospheres. In addition to steady-state operation at the design firing temperature, the nozzle cascade was exposed to a simulated startup/shutdown turbine cycle by varying the firing temperature. A total of 42 h at the design point and 617 thermal cycles were accumulated during the test periods. First-stage nozzle test results show that measured metal and coolant temperatures correspond well to the predicted design values. This nozzle design has been shown to be fully satisfactory for the application (2600/sup 0/F), with growth capability to 3000/sup …
Date:
March 1, 1982
Creator:
Horner, M. W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Internal magnetic fields in hcp-iron
The magnetic behavior of hcp-Fe (epsilon iron) has been investigated by the Moessbauer Effect over a wide range of temperature T, pressure P, and applied magnetic field H/sub 0/. The internal field H/sub i/ of the induced moment is given by H/sub i/ = 0.20 +- .01 H/sub 0/ and is independent of T and P. Enhanced paramagnetism is suggested as the most likely origin for a contribution of this magnitude to H/sub i/.
Date:
January 1, 1982
Creator:
Taylor, R. D.; Cort, G. & Willis, J. O.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Integrity of PWR pressure vessels during overcooling accidents
The reactor pressure vessel in a pressurized water reactor is normally subjected to temperatures and pressures that preclude propagation of sharp, crack-like defects that might exist in the wall of the vessel. However, there is a class of postulated accidents, referred to as overcooling accidents, that can subject the pressure vessel to severe thermal shock while the pressure is substantial. As a result of such accidents vessels containing high concentrations of copper and nickel, which enhance radiation embrittlement, may possess a potential for extensive propagation of preexistent inner surface flaws prior to the vessel's normal end of life. For the purpose of evaluating this problem a state-of-the-art fracture mechanics model was developed and has been used for conducting parametric analyses and for calculating several recorded PWR transients. Results of the latter analysis indicate that there may be some vessels that have a potential for failure today if subjected to a Rancho Seco (1978) or TMI-2 (1979) type transient. However, the calculational model may be excessively conservative, and this possibility is under investigation.
Date:
January 1, 1982
Creator:
Cheverton, R.D.; Iskander, S.K. & Whitman, G.D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Light composite fermions: an overview
Some rules which have been proposed, including 't Hooft's anomaly conditions, decoupling conditions and tumbling versus no tumbling are discussed. Then mass generation mechanisms for composite fermions are covered, including weak gauging, strong gauging, and unification. The origin of the different generations of quarks and leptons is then considered. In the context of composite models, the three generations of quarks and leptons must appear in the first approximation as three sets of massless composite fermions in identical representations of continuous flavor symmetry with a conserved generation number distinguishing them. The generation symmetry is preferably a discrete one in order to avoid massless Goldstone bosons that would occur if one could spontaneously break a continuous symmetry. Harari and Seiberg have shown that in a class of rishon models there exist U(1) generation symmetries that are automatically broken to a discrete generation symmetry due to strong interaction instantons. An example of a solution to the anomaly conditions with this property is given. (GHT)
Date:
January 1, 1982
Creator:
Raby, S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Clonal theory of radiation carcinogenesis
In some cases, usually involving high-LET radiations, the dose response at low doses follows a power function of dose with exponent less than one over a wide dose range. This type of response is of great interest since (a) it implies greater effect per unit dose at progressively smaller doses, and (b) it is not predicted by most models and theories of radiobiology. A theoretical framework is presented for responses having the above characteristics over a dose range extending over a factor of 1000. The model postulates precursor cells which occur in clones. Different numbers of precursor cells per clone are assumed. Suitable transformation of a single cell in a clone completes initiation of that clone and raises the probability of tumor formation. At low doses, clones with large numbers of cells at risk have relatively high probability of response. However, depletion of the number of untransformed large clones with increasing dose leaves primarily untransformed smaller clones with smaller probability of response per unit dose. The analytical results demonstrate that power functions with exponent less than one can result even for doses so small that the mean number of charged particle traversals per cell is much less than one. The …
Date:
January 1, 1982
Creator:
Baum, J.W.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Microfaunal evidence of age and depositional environments of the Cerro Prieto section (Plio-Pleistocene), Baja California, Mexico
Microfossils including benthic and planktic foraminifera, ostracodes, calcareous algae, fish skeletal material, and fragments of pelecypods were found in 14 core samples from depths of 185 to 1952 m in the Cerro Prieto geothermal field, providing evidence of both the age and depositional history of sediments comprising the 3000-m-thick Pliocene and Pleistocene section in this area. Ostracodes of brackish water and marine origin constitute the most common microfossils present in this sequence occurring in 8 samples; in situ littoral and neritic species of benthic foraminifera occur in 5 samples with planktic species present in 2 samples. Distributional patterns of ostracodes and foraminifera together with previously analyzed lithofacies (Lyons and van de Kamp, 1980) indicate that the Cerro Prieto section represents an intertonguing complex of alluvial, deltaic, estuarine, and shallow marine environments deposited along the front of the Colorado River delta as it prograded across the Salton Trough during Pliocene and Pleistocene time. Foraminiferal evidence indicates that a sand and shale unit commonly present at depths between 700 and 1100 m represents a significant mid-Pleistocene marine incursion in the Cerro Prieto area. Tentative correlation of the Cerro Prieto section with the well dated Palm Springs Formation of the Imperial Valley, California …
Date:
January 1, 1982
Creator:
Ingle, J.C. Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Statistical fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions
The relevance of the statistical equilibrium limit to the description of substantially relaxed degrees of freedom is discussed. Fluctuations are considered specifically in the following processes: the correlation between entrance-channel angular momentum and exit-channel kinetic energy; the sharing of the dissipated kinetic energy between the two fragments; the magnitude and the alignment of the fragment angular momentum including the effect of shell structure. It is found that statistical fluctuations play a major role and that the statistical equilibrium limit seems to have been reached for a number of degrees of freedom.
Date:
February 1, 1982
Creator:
Moretto, Luciano G.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development of enhanced heat transfer/transport/storage slurries for thermal-system improvement
None
Date:
June 1, 1982
Creator:
Kasza, K. E. & Chen, M. M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Electron bremsstrahlung angular-distribution fits for atomic numbers 1 less than or equal to Z less than or equal to 92, and incident-electron energies 1 keV less than or equal to T less than or equal to 500 keV
The analytic fit of a simple expression to the electron bremsstrahlung angular distribution cross section d/sup 2/sigma/dkd..cap omega.. (differential in the emitted photon energy k and angle ..cap omega..) is investigated. Optimal choices for the fit parameters are determined and fit coefficients are tabulated for a large number of neutral-atom cases. Results are also presented for fits to the relativistic Coulomb-Born approximation. Comparisons between the screened neutral-atom results and the Coulomb-Born results are made. Discrepancies reported to exist between angular distribution cross sections and fit coefficients published by Tseng, Pratt and Lee are confirmed and understood in terms of their choice of fit weight function.
Date:
January 1, 1982
Creator:
Kissel, L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Design considerations for a steam-injection pilot with in-situ foaming
This report reviews the necessary aspects of the planning, operation, evaluation, environmental impact and cost to implement a field pilot of steam injection with in-situ foaming. The Stanford University Petroleum Research Institute (SUPRI) is planning to implement such a pilot in Kern County, California. The cost of the pilot will be shared by the US Department of Energy and an oil company. Some important aspects of drilling and completion programs and their specifications, permits from regulatory bodies, and downhole tools to improve steam stimulation are discussed. The essential surface facilities which include water treatment plant, steam generator, demulsifier and dehydrator are considered. The necessary laboratory research in support of the pilot has been recommended. The formation evaluation and reservoir engineering effort for the pilot has been divided into three phases: reservoir definition, reservoir monitoring and post-pilot study. Appropriate techniques applicable to each phase of the test have been discussed. The environmental impact regulations as related to the steam injection process have been considered. In particular, the environmental problems associated with the burning of crude oil and desulfurization of flue gas have been discussed. Other environmental considerations such as solid and liquid waste disposal, health and safety are also discussed. An …
Date:
August 1, 1982
Creator:
Siddiqui, M.H.; Sanyal, S.K. & Horn, A.J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Hot-electron-ring physics
Separate abstracts were prepared for each of the 16 included papers. (MOW)
Date:
June 1, 1982
Creator:
Uckan, N.A. (ed.)
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Report of the Working Group on Media Accelerators
A summary is given of the activities of those in the Media Accelerator Group. Attention was focused on the Inverse Cherenkov Accelerator, the Laser Focus Accelerator, and the Beat Wave Accelerator. For each of these the ultimate capability of the concept was examined as well as the next series of experiments which needs to be performed in order to advance the concept.
Date:
April 12, 1982
Creator:
Sessler, Andrew M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Shear alfven resonances in Tokapole II
It has been suggested that efficient heating can occur by coupling energy through the shear Alfven resonance that is predicted to occur at particular locations within inhomogeneous plasmas. This heating mechanism should be applicable to tokamaks; however, the existence of the resonances in tokamaks has not yet been established experimentally. We present here direct observations of localized enhancement in the driven wave magnetic field which are compatible with theoretical predictions for the shear Alfven resonance in tokamak geometry. These resonance studies at low absorbed power will be followed by higher power heating (approx. 1 MW) presently being developed.
Date:
March 1, 1982
Creator:
Witherspoon, F.D.; Prager, S.C. & Sprott, J.C.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Study of impurities in the Tandem Mirror Experiment using extreme-ultraviolet spectroscopy
Impurities in the Tandem Mirror Experiment (TMX) have been studied using extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy. Three time-resolving absolutely-calibrated normal-incidence monochromators, one on each section of TMX, were used to study the impurity emissions in the wavelength range of 300 A to 1600 A. The instruments on the east end cell and central cell were each capable of obtaining spatially-resolved profiles from 22 chords of the plasma simultaneously while the instrument on the west end cell monitored the central chord. The impurities identified in TMX were carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and titanium. Emphasis was placed upon determining the impurity densities and radiated power losses of the central cell; results indicate that the impurity concentrations were low - less than 0.4% for each species - and that less than 10% of the total net trapped neutral beam power was lost to radiation. The use of titanium gettering on the central cell walls was observed to decrease the brightnesses of singly- and doubly-ionized carbon and oxygen in the central cell plasma. In the end cells, oxygen was the main impurity with a concentration of about 1.5% and was injected by the neutral beams; the other impurities had concentrations of about 0.5%. Radiation losses from the …
Date:
May 12, 1982
Creator:
Strand, O. T.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Recent US target-physics-related research in heavy-ion inertial fusion: simulations for tamped targets and for disk experiments in accelerator test facilities
Within the last few years, there have also appeared in the Heavy-Ion Fusion literature several studies of targets which have outer tampers. One-dimensional simulations indicate higher target gains with a judicious amount of tamping. But for these targets, a full investigation has not been carried through in regards to conservative criteria for fluid instabilities as well as reasonable imperfections in target fabrication and illumination symmetry which all affect target ignition and burn. Comparisons of these results with the gain survey of Part I would have to be performed with care. These calculations suggest that experiments relating to high temperature disk heating, as well as beam deposition, focusing and transport can be performed within the context of current design proposals for accelerator test-facilities. Since the test-facilities have lower ion kinetic energy and beam pulse power as compared to reactor drivers, we achieve high-beam intensities at the focal spot by using short focal distance and properly designed beam optics.
Date:
June 24, 1982
Creator:
Mark, J.W.K.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Terrestrial fate of coal-liquid constituents: behavior of alkyl anilines in soil
The low molecular weight aromatic amines (anilines) are important water soluble constituents of coal liquids. The impact of anilines released to the terrestrial environment will largely depend on their mobility and persistence. Studies were conducted to investigate those processes governing the mobility and persistence of the alkylanilines, namely, soil sorption and chemical/microbial degradation. Soil sorption measurements were conducted on aniline and several methyl substituted anilines on A and B horizons of a soil profile collected from Davies County, Kentucky. The magnitude of sorption was large in all horizons. Sorption in the B horizons was larger than in the A horizon for many of the anilines studied, indicating the importance of both the mineral matrix and organic carbon content of the soil in determining the magnitude of sorption. Results of these measurements indicate that movement of the anilines through the soil would be significantly attenuated by sorption reactions. Aniline sorption measurement in the A horizon after removal of the organic matter and in the B/sub 22/ horizon after removal of amorphous iron oxides and crystalline iron oxides indicate that organic matter largely controls aniline sorption in the A horizon, while crystalline iron oxides and phyllosilicates are important in the B horizons. …
Date:
July 1, 1982
Creator:
Felice, L. J.; Zachara, J. M. & Rogers, J. E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Use of ICRH for startup and initial heating of the TMX-U central cell
Ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) was evaluated and it was found to be satisfactory for use in establishing the conditions necessary to form a thermal barrier in TMX-upgrade (TMX-U). We discuss the constraints that must be satisfied in order to maintain a plasma, and outline a complete startup scenario that ends with the plasma at design parameters. The detailed discussions in this report concentrate on those parts of startup where ICRH is necessary. The ability of ICRH to couple power into a plasma at the fundamental ion cyclotron resonance, w/sub ci/, is determined from experiments with a half-turn loop antenna in the Phaedrus tandem mirror central cell. From these experiments, we get the empirical scaling that shows power deposited in the plasma is proportional to the plasma density.
Date:
May 1, 1982
Creator:
Molvik, A.W. & Falabella, S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Shielding considerations for advanced space nuclear reactor systems
To meet the anticipated future space power needs, the Los Alamos National Laboratory is developing components for a compact, 100 kW/sub e/-class heat pipe nuclear reactor. The reactor uses uranium dioxide (UO/sub 2/) as its fuel, and is designed to operate around 1500 k. Heat pipes are used to remove thermal energy from the core without the use of pumps or compressors. The reactor heat pipes transfer mal energy to thermoelectric conversion elements that are advanced versions of the converters used on the enormously successful Voyager missions to the outer planets. Advanced versions of this heat pipe reactor could also be used to provide megawatt-level power plants. The paper reviews the status of this advanced heat pipe reactor and explores the radiation environments and shielding requirements for representative manned and unmanned applications.
Date:
January 1, 1982
Creator:
Angelo, J.P. Jr. & Buden, D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library