The condition for extracting a maximum negative ion current density is found when the product of the radius of the negative ion conversion electrode, the cross-section for negative and positive ion recombination, and the density of positive ions in the ion source equals one. The optimum output is obtained at the highest positive ion density and the smallest electrode radius.

Several types of radiation measurements were performed on the Beta II compact forms experiment. Among these are time integrated spectra ranging in wavelength from the vuv to the uv, time resolved bolometer measurements of radiation from the x-ray to the infrared, and time and wavelength resolved measurements of certain spectral lines. It is difficult to relate any one of these measurements to plasma parameters of interest such as temperature, density, or impurity content. In this report we compare the results of these, and other measurements with two simple models of the power balance in the plasma in order to estimate the effect of carbon and oxygen impurities on plasma lifetime.

The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) has an active interest in the synthesis of new polysiloxanes as base polymers for cellular silicone materials. These elastomers have properties uniquely suited to very specific engineering requirements. While the polymers which we have prepared via random equilibrium of various cyclic tetrasiloxanes have adequate properties for certain applications, there is evidence to suggest that alternating block polysiloxanes prepared via condensation-polymerization techniques have properties more suited to our end uses as flexible foam materials (cushions). The synthetic sequence developed to prepare these materials involves reactions of functionally terminated (silylamino and silanol) polysiloxane oligomers to produce alternating multiblock (ABAB...) materials of high molecular weight. Dialkylamines are condensation byproducts in this reaction. The analysis and characterization of these multiblock polymers is reported.

We present the first detailed investigations of the ablative acceleration of planar targets while simultaneously using high irradiance (10/sup 14/ W/cm/sup 2/), large focal diameters (1 mm) and long laser pulse duration (3 nsec). Included are measurements of target preheat, ablation pressures and uniformity achieved under these conditions. Targets were accelerated to high velocities with velocity profile uniformity approaching that required for high gain pellet implosions.

The nature of the electrical discharge has an obvious impact upon the gas efficiency of an ion source and on the current density whch can be drawn from it. However external factors, such as the conductance of the grids and the background pressure along the beamline, also have an effect. Simple approximations based upon these factors show that there is a lower limit to the pressure of an ion source, which can deliver an ion beam of given current density at a specific gas efficiency. Estimates of ion stripping losses in a double gridded structure show that for all practical purposes, there is an upper limit as well.

The use of magnetic switches to generate high power pulses has opened up a whole new spectrum of possibilities. Here we describe an investigation into the maximum repetition rates possible with these devices.

Design of the bypass for the main ring at Fermilab is discussed. Specific design features discussed include space, path length, geometric closure, matching of betatron functions, and external dispersion. Bypass parameters are given. (GHT)

This paper uses biophysical-microdosimetric quantities, measured in a physical surrogate or phantom cell, to explain the shape of absorbed dose-quantal cell response curves, the role of radiation quality and the influence of dose rate. Responses expected are explored first in simple autonomous cell systems, followed by increasingly-complex systems. Complications seen with increasingly-complex systems appear to be confined largely to the higher dose and dose rate ranges.

Much of the current congressional debate about the Clinch River Breeder Reactor (CRBR) centers around the estimated cost of designing, constructing, and operating it for a 5-year demonstration period. The Department of Energy (DOE) recently linked the revenue-generating potential of the CRBR beyond the demonstration period to the justification for continued funding. GAO presents information that points out many uncertainties in DOE's estimates of revenue and cost. GAO believes that because these estimates are based on numerous assumptions and calculations concerning events as far as 37 years in the future, they should be viewed with caution. Changes in the underlying assumptions could produce wide variance in the cost estimates. Further, GAO points out that CRBR is a research and development project and that judging its merits solely on cost and revenue estimates projected far into the future may not be appropriate.

Test shells of Inconel 625, Inconel 718, 21-6-9 stainless steel, and Hastelloy, C-276 were plasma and/or chemically cleaned before sealing with a multi-component glass-ceramic-to-metal seal was evaluated using a hydrostatic burst test. The results show that plasma cleaning can be used to increase the hydrostatic burst strength and hermeticity of a glass ceramic-to-metal seal.

Much of the research in laser fusion has been done using simple ball on-stalk targets filled with a deuterium-tritium mixture. The targets operated in the exploding pusher mode in which the laser energy was delivered in a very short time (approx. 100 ps or less) and was absorbed by the glass wall of the target. The high energy density in the glass literally exploded the shell with the inward moving glass compressing the DT fuel to high temperatures and moderate densities. Temperatures achieved were high enough to produce DT reactions and accompanying thermonuclear neutrons and alpha particles. The primary criteria imposed on the target builders were: (1) wall thickness, (2) sphere diameter, and (3) fuel in the sphere.

Conceptual design studies have been carried out on an integrated fusion/chemical plant system using a Tandem Mirror Reactor fusion energy source to drive the General Atomic Sulfur-Iodine Water-Splitting Cycle and produce hydrogen as a future feedstock for synthetic fuels. Blanket design studies for the Tandem Mirror Reactor show that several design alternatives are available for providing heat at sufficiently high temperatures to drive the General Atomic Cycle. The concept of a Joule-boosted decomposer is introduced in one of the systems investigated to provide heat electrically for the highest temperature step in the cycle (the SO/sub 3/ decomposition step), and thus lower blanket design requirements and costs. Flowsheeting and conceptual process designs have been developed for a complete fusion-driven hydrogen plant, and the information has been used to develop a plot plan for the plant and to estimate hydrogen production costs. Both public and private utility financing approaches have been used to obtain hydrogen production costs of $12-14/GJ based on July 1980 dollars.

An RO-7 radiation survey instrument was obtained from the Eberline Instrument Corporation to use in a study of the beta dose rates from the Godiva IV Critical Assembly at Los Alamos National Laboratory. A limited evaluation of the instrument was performed, and its energy dependence for beta particles was determined. The RO-7 instrument is a hand-held, cutie-pie-style survey meter with a liquid crystal digital readout. The instrument is available with three interchangeable ion chamber probes, although we used only the midrange probe (RO-7-BM) in this study. The midrange probe has a full-scale range of 199.9 R/h and a resolution of 0.1 R/h. The ion chamber has a 1-in.-diameter entry window 2 mils thick (approx. 7 mg/cm/sup 2/) of aluminized mylar. The chamber is lined with phenolic nominally 1/8 in. thick. The housing is nominally 60 mils thick. The chamber's internal dimensions are 1-in. diameter x 0.6-in. length (2.5 cm x 1.5 cm) with a sensitive volume of 7 cm/sup 3/. The beta shield is a plastic cap (approx. 1000 mg/cm/sup 2/) over the beta window and is held in place over the probe by an O-ring. The overall dimensions of the basic probe are 1.5 in. x 4.2 in. The …

The response of the Cerro Prieto geothermal field to different reinjection schemes is predicted using a two-dimensional vertical reservoir model with single- or two-phase flow. The advance of cold fronts and pressure changes in the system associated with the inection operations are computed, taking into consideration the geologic characteristics of the field. The effects of well location, depth, and rates of injection are analyzed. Results indicate that significant pressure maintenance effects may be realized in a carefully designed reinjection operation.

This memorandum cross references topical statements extracted from four NRC documents that are useful for guidance in reviewing the Human Factors Engineering designs of main control rooms and control centers outside the main control rooms.

The Phase I requirements of the Kilowatt Isotope Power System (KIPS) program were to make a detailed Flight System Conceptual Design (FSCD) for an isotope fueled organic Rankine cycle power system and to build and test a Ground Demonstration System (GDS) which simulated as closely as possible the operational characteristics of the FSCD. The activities and results of Phase II, the Technology Verification Phase, of the program are reported. The objectives of this phase were to increase system efficiency to 18.1% by component development, to demonstrate system reliability by a 5000 h endurance test and to update the flight system design. During Phase II, system performance was improved from 15.1% to 16.6%, an endurance test of 2000 h was performed while the flight design analysis was limited to a study of the General Purpose Heat Source, a study of the regenerator manufacturing technique and analysis of the hardness of the system to a laser threat. It was concluded from these tests that the GDS is basically prototypic of a flight design; all components necessary for satisfactory operation were demonstrated successfully at the system level; over 11,000 total h of operation without any component failure attested to the inherent reliability of …

The Hoosac Rail Tunnel has been analyzed as a central element in a district heating system for the City of North Adams. The tunnel has been viewed as a collector of the earth's geothermal heat and a seasonal heat storage facility with heat piped to the tunnel in summer from existing facilities at a distance. Heated fluid would be transported in winter from the tunnel to users who would boost the temperature with individual heat pumps. It was concluded the tunnel is a poor source of geothermal heat. The maximum extractable energy is only 2200 million BTU (20000 gallons of oil) at 58/sup 0/F. The tunnel is a poor heat storage facility. The rock conductivity is so high that 75% of the heat injected would escape into the mountain before it could be recaptured for use. A low temperature system, with individual heat pumps for temperature boost could be economically attractive if a low cost fuel (byproduct, solid waste, cogeneration) or a cost effective seasonal heat storage were available.

Precise airborne temperature surveys depicted small predawn surface temperature differences related to heat flow anomalies at the Long Valley, California, KGRA. Zones with conductive heat flow differences of 45 +- 16 ..mu..cal/cm/sup 2/(s) has predawn surface temperature differences of 1.4 +- 0.3/sup 0/C. The warmer zones had hot water circulating in a shallow (less than 60-m-deep) aquifer. Hot water is a useful geochemical indicator of geothermal and mineral resource potential. The precise airborne temperature survey method recorded redundant infrared scanner signals at two wavelengths (10 to 12 ..mu..m and 4.5 to 5.5 ..mu..m) and two elevations (0.3 km and 1.2 km). Ground thermistor probes recorded air and soil temperatures during the survey overflights. Radiometric temperatures were corrected for air-path and reflected-sky-radiation effects. Corrected temperatures were displayed in image form with color-coded maps which depicted 0.24/sup 0/C temperature differences. After accounting for surficial features on the corrected predawn thermal imagery, there remained several anomalous zones. These zones had high temperature gradients at depths from 6 to 30 m, compared to the temperature gradients in nearby areas.

An analysis of the waste streams at Rocky Flats was done to provide information for the Waste Certification program. This program has involved studying the types and amounts of retrievable transuranic (TRU) waste from Rocky Flats that is stored at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL). The information can be used to estimate the types and amounts of waste that will need to be permanently stored in the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). The study covered mostly the eight-year period from June 1971 to June 1979. The types, amounts, and plutonium content of TRU waste and the areas or operations responsible for generating the waste are summarized in this waste stream history report. From the period studied, a total of 24,546,153 lbs of waste containing 211,148 g of plutonium currently occupies 709,497 cu ft of storage space at INEL.

An experimental device for measuring the time averaged momentum associated with a steady stream of a disperse granular material has been developed. The mathematical basis for the device is presented including a discussion of using the momentum measurement to compute the local mass or energy fluxes. The analysis considers both nonuniform particle mass and nonuniform velocities for the various constituents of an aggregate material. The results of calibration experiments conducted with a prototype transducer are shown with theoretical predictions of these results.

This dissertation is made up of two experimental studies dealing with apparently diverse topics within the subject of rare earths (RE) in solids. The first study, described in Part II, concerns the vibrations of a disordered host material about an optically active rare-earth ion as manifested by vibrationally-assisted-electronic, or vibronic transitions. Part III of the dissertation describes an investigation of the influence of site anisotropy on the purely electronic, laser transition of Nd/sup 3 +/ in glass. These two studies are bound together by the common experimental technique of laser-induced fluorescence line narrowing (FLN). By exciting fluorescence with monochromatic light of well-characterized polarization, one may select and observe the response of a single subset of the optically active ions and obtain information that is usually masked by the inhomogeneous nature of disordered solids.

Progress is briefly described on the following topics: (1) effect of deuteron breakup on elastic deuteron scattering cross sections and polarizations; (2) the validity of the discretization method; (3) the effect of breakup on rearrangement reactions; (4) formulation in terms of hyperspherical harmonics of the effect of breakup in deuteron-nucleous collisions; and (5) formulation of scattering theory in terms of a basis of positive energy Weinberg functions. (WHK)

Progress is reported in the following research areas: (1) study of tremor waveforms recorded at Mount St. Helens during 1980; (2) study of seismicity recorded during 1981 at Mount St. Helens; and (3) the monitoring of seismicity accompanying hydrofracturing experiments carried out in the Jemez Mountains of New Mexico. (ACR)