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Model for the crosscoupling parameters of rocks
The self-potential method of geothermal exploration is based on the measurement of naturally occurring electrical potentials generated by flows of fluid (electrokinetic) and heat (thermoelectric) through rocks. The interpretation of self-potential measurements by modeling requires a knowledge of crosscoupling parameters of geological materials. In general there is a paucity of such data and one of the largest compilations of crosscoupling parameters consists of data on only 40 samples. Much more common are measurements of porosity, permeability and electrical conductivity. In an effort to alleviate this problem, a model for estimating crosscoupling parameters has been developed. This model is based on theoretical considerations of crosscoupling in capillaries and on some experimental data. This model is useful as a guide to the modeler/interpreter in estimating the gross crosscoupling parameters. However, its usefulness could be greatly increased if it can be verified that it is capable of accurately predicting crosscoupling effects from more basic data on rocks. Comparison of the model to existing experimental measurements of crosscoupling parameters is limited by the quality of the data and the lack of knowledge of other parameters crucial to the model. At its most basic level, the model requires a knowledge of the porosity, the mean …
Date:
June 1, 1982
Creator:
Sill, W.R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Effects of particle characteristics on performance of RR5K PETN
A particle characterization of production lots of RR5K PETN has been completed. Prediction models were derived which identify those particle characteristics which influence sensitivity and performance. Those factors which have a positive influence on threshold burst current were also found to have a positive influence on transit time. The models may be useful in screening new lots of PETN prior to test firing. In general, large distributions of shapes and sizes, with the larger particles being needle-like or elongated, lead to low threshold burst currents and short transit times. The threshold burst current was also found to be inversely proportional to the temperature at which the units were test fired.
Date:
June 1, 1982
Creator:
Rogers, J. W., Jr. & Duncan, A. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Underground Energy Storage Program: 1981 annual report. Volume II. Technical summaries
This is the 1981 annual report for the Underground Energy Storage Program administered by the Pacific Northwest Laboratory for the US Department of Energy. The two-volume document describes all of the major research funded under this program during the period March 1981 to March 1982. Volume II presents the amplified technical summaries of individual tasks and projects conducted during this reporting period. The activities of the authors reporting herein were actually broader in scope than may be reflected by the mini-reports. Readers wishing additional information on specific topics are invited to contact individual authors. The work described here represents one segment of a continuing effort to encourage development and implementation of advanced energy storage technology. The results and progress reported here rely on earlier studies and will, in turn, provide a basis for continued efforts to develop the STES and CAES technologies.
Date:
June 1, 1982
Creator:
Kannberg, L.D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Radiation enhancement with /sup 127/I-deoxyuridine
A technique for radiation enhancement of photon radiotherapy is outlined. High LET radiations in the form of Auger electron distributions are generated by photoactivation of stable iodine incorporated as iodinated deoxyuridine (IdUrd). Of the several halogenated deoxyribonucleosides evaluated, IdUrd was found to be the only thymidine analog providing effective photoactivation. This mechanism is combined with radiation sensitization to produce an overall radiation enhancement. Calculations show that 5% replacement of Tyd in tumor DNA should multiply the biological effectiveness of low energy photons by a factor of approx. 2. Higher replacements would provide higher gains. Enhancement results from chemical sensitization by IdUrd, where it is known that effects of irradiation are multiplied by factors of from approx. 1.5 to 3 as replacement varies from 10 to 50%. Additional enhancement results from the stimulation of Auger cascades in DNA. Five percent replacement has been obtained in human tumor in vivo. Twice that has been obtained in murine tumors. Our data indicates that damage from photoactivation as well as chemical sensitization does not repair. Thus, it is anticipated that use of low dose rates associated with permanent implants of Sm-145 sources (38-45 KeV x-rays; T1/2 = 340 d) will yield an additional increase …
Date:
June 1, 1982
Creator:
Fairchild, R.G.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Evaluation of data gathered from unmineable coal seams. Final report
As part of the US Department of Energy's (DOE) programs directed at gas recovery from unconventional sources INTERCOMP Resource Development and Engineering, Inc. (INTERCOMP) is under contract to the Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC) to provide for the reduction of uncertainties in critical parameters related to the methane recovery from unmineable coals in the United States. To accomplish this objective INTERCOMP has assisted in test site selection, planning, and monitoring when requested and evaluated the results of test in terms of methane production potential and economics for selected well sites, geologic settings, and geographical areas. This is a continuation of two earlier contracts in which an optimized test program was specified and in which the results of that program were partially implemented and evaluated. In this report INTERCOMP's effort in assisting the Bureau of Mines to understand the nature of a communication problem between the vertical dewatering hole and the three horizontal degasification legs in the Emerald Mines Horizontal Drilling project is described. Recommendations made by INTERCOMP on how to determine the amount of communication and the answers to several other questions asked are given in the section Assistance in Test Planning. The use of INTERCOMP's numerical simulation model was …
Date:
June 1, 1982
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Summary of transient high-voltage calculations for the FRX-C experiment
Calculations of the electrical circuit equations are performed over a wide range of parameters corresponding to the FRX-C field-reversed THETA-pinch experiment at Los Alamos. Without any plasma or external damping, serious voltage doubling and quadrupling of the main capacitor bank charge voltage are observed. These oscillating high voltages are found to be adequately suppressed by the strategic placement of external snubber circuitry. On the other hand, no doubling of the THETA-pinch preionization bank charge voltage is found. Calculations of the equations for the z-pinch preionization circuit are also performed.
Date:
June 1, 1982
Creator:
Kewish, R.W. Jr. & Rej, D.J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Equipment qualification research program: program plan
The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) under the sponsorship of the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has developed this program plan for research in equipment qualification (EQA). In this report the research program which will be executed in accordance with this plan will be referred to as the Equipment Qualification Research Program (EQRP). Covered are electrical and mechanical equipment under the conditions described in the OBJECTIVE section of this report. The EQRP has two phases; Phase I is primarily to produce early results and to develop information for Phase II. Phase I will last 18 months and consists of six projects. The first project is program management. The second project is responsible for in-depth evaluation and review of EQ issues and EQ processes. The third project is responsible for detailed planning to initiate Phase II. The remaining three projects address specific equipment; i.e., valves, electrical equipment, and a pump.
Date:
June 8, 1982
Creator:
Dong, R.G. & Smith, P.D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Downhole-electrode resistivity interpretation with three-dimensional models
Using an integral equation numerical solution, the theoretical results for (1) the potential, (2) the apparent resistivity calculated from the total horizontal electric field, (3) the apparent resistivity calculated from the potential due to different three-dimensional bodies in plan and cross-section views have been computed. The transmitter consists of a remote electrode and a dowhole electrode embedded in the body or located near the body. For hole-to-surface work, the potential offers little information about the parameters of a deep body. The apparent resistivity from the total electric field, with its distinctive patterns, best resolves the width, length, and dip of the model, while the apparent resistivity from the potential is more difficult to interpret. The cross-section views, for analysis of hole-to-hole surveys, theoretically define the body for the potential and the apparent resistivity derived from the potential, but their use in practice is limited.
Date:
June 1, 1982
Creator:
Newkirk, D. J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
PCB usage at the Grand Junction Area Office Facility. Final report
The development, implementation, and results of the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) identification project at the Grand Junction Area Office (GJAO) are summarized. Methodology for the PCB analysis is described, and results are tabulated. Of the 51 transformers and disconnects in use at GJAO, 15 unites were determined to be PCB-contaminated or filled with PCBs. This number falls within EPA's estimate of 25 to 40 percent of all transformers in use being at least contaminated. Approximately 324 gallons of PCBs and 515 gallons of PCB-contaminated fluids are being used currently. No contaminated transformers or disconnects are in a position to contaminate food or feed products at the facility.
Date:
June 1, 1982
Creator:
Miller, M. E. & Donivan, S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Current diffusion in rail-gun conductors
A method has been developed to analyze one- and two-dimensional, nonlinear current diffusion in rail-gun conductors. A nonlinear current-diffusion equation that accounts for the temperature dependence of electrical conductivity has been developed from Maxwell's equations. A finite-difference heat-transfer computer program was adapted to solve the current-diffusion and thermal-diffusion problems for rail-gun conductors in one and two dimensions. The nonlinear current-diffusion equation was also extended to account for the magnetic-field dependence of the magnetic permeability, thus allowing ferromagnetic materials to be considered. A one-dimensional finite-difference technique was developed for ferromagnetic materials. Two one-dimensional test problems that compare results with other analyses are discussed. A series of calculations of current density and rail temperature was done for various size rectangular rails. One analysis of current diffusion in a ferromagnetic material was also performed.
Date:
June 1, 1982
Creator:
Kerrisk, J.F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Tritium Facility effluent measurements: statistical analysis for 52 periods in 1981
A statistical comparison has been made of Tritium Facility effluents for 52 periods in 1981, as measured by continuous sampling from two ventilation exhaust stacks. Pulse-counter data, recorded on 15-minute intervals, have been summed over approximately weekly periods and compared with adsorption apparatus data. A by-product of the analysis is a calibration of pulse counters in terms of adsorption data which are believed to be more reliable.
Date:
June 1, 1982
Creator:
Sherwood, A.E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Application of Monte Carlo codes to neutron dosimetry
In neutron dosimetry, calculations enable one to predict the response of a proposed dosimeter before effort is expended to design and fabricate the neutron instrument or dosimeter. The nature of these calculations requires the use of computer programs that implement mathematical models representing the transport of radiation through attenuating media. Numerical, and in some cases analytical, solutions of these models can be obtained by one of several calculational techniques. All of these techniques are either approximate solutions to the well-known Boltzmann equation or are based on kernels obtained from solutions to the equation. The Boltzmann equation is a precise mathematical description of neutron behavior in terms of position, energy, direction, and time. The solution of the transport equation represents the average value of the particle flux density. Integral forms of the transport equation are generally regarded as the formal basis for the Monte Carlo method, the results of which can in principle be made to approach the exact solution. This paper focuses on the Monte Carlo technique.
Date:
June 15, 1982
Creator:
Prevo, C.T.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Optical pumping of hot phonons in GaAs
Optical pumping of hot LO phonons in GaAs has been studied as a function of the excitation photon frequency. The experimental results are in good agreement with a model calculation which includes both inter- and intra-valley electron-phonon scatterings. The GAMMA-L and GAMMA-X intervalley electron-phonon interactions in GaAs have been estimated.
Date:
June 30, 1982
Creator:
Collins, C.L. & Yu, P.Y.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Effect of acceleration of the decay rate of /sup 198/Au: a preliminary report
Experimental evidence obtained at the Los Alamos National Laboratory during 1980 suggests that the decay rate of /sup 198/Au may be influenced to a measurable extent by acceleration of the bulk material. In the experiments, a sample of /sup 198/Au was subjected to a sustained acceleration of approximately 196,000 g's, and its decay rate was compared with that of a control sample that remained at rest. The decay probability of the accelerated sample was observed to exceed that of the control sample by 7.48 standard deviations. This was the maximum value resulting from comparison of the accelerated sample data and the control sample data. Although not conclusive, these preliminary data are certainly suggestive that a direct coupling may exist between gravitation (acceleration) and nuclear processes (radioactive decay).
Date:
June 1, 1982
Creator:
Whitaker, D.H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Flow of particle suspensions through porous media
A new attempt is made to study the mechanisms of particle invasions into porous media. The following subjects are described: A critical survey of the literature indicating that the mechanism of particle invasions is not known in sufficient detail. The pros and cons of existing particle measuring devices are briefly described. Results from a new laboratory study on particle characterizations are given. The results of the laboratory studies on the flow of particle suspensions through porous media (up to 200 md) are discussed. The effects of flow rate and particle concentrations on the amount of damage (i.e., permeability impairment) and depth of penetration (from core inlet towards outlet) are particularly emphasized. Filter methods (e.g., using millipore filter) cannot be used to determine particle invasions into porous medium. Any predictions of the injection problems based on millipore (or any other filter) measurements are useless and should be discarded.
Date:
June 22, 1982
Creator:
Vetter, O.J.; Kandarpa, V. & Harouaka, A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Comparison of model predicted to observed winds in the coastal zone
Predictions of near-surface (10 to 100 m) wind velocities made by a mesoscale numerical model on a 10 km grid over and near the coastline are checked against observations. Two comparisons are made. The first is between observed and model-estimated mean annual wind power density at locations where surface observations exist in three coastal areas: the Chesapeake Bay, the Apalachee Bay and the South Texas coastal area. The second comparison is made between model predictions over the Delmarva Peninsula and adjacent ocean and observations made over a 120 x 30 km rectangle extending across the peninsula and out to sea. It is concluded that the unbiased error analysis skill ratings of 81% and 76% are attained for two days of prediction-observation comparisons. In the meantime, the skill of the model in duplicating individual coastal wind fields is taken as 78%. In addition, a qualitative comparison is made between the predicted fields of wind and the observed wind field. The predicted wind field unquestionably reproduces the observed field.
Date:
June 1, 1982
Creator:
Garstang, M.; Pielke, R. A. & Snow, J. W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Solubility of methane in water under natural conditions: a laboratory study. Final report, April 1, 1978-June 30, 1982
The solubility of methane in aqueous solutions has been determined over a broad range of temperature, pressure and salinities. The effect of dissolved carbon dioxide and ethane on methane solubility has been determined at 302{sup 0}F. Also the solubility of crude oil and water in methane has been determined over a broad range of temperatures and pressures. The solubility of methane is raised by increasing pressure and temperature (above about 170{sup 0}F). There is a solubility minimum near 170{sup 0}F at constant pressure and salinity. Ionic salts effectively salt methane out of solution at all concentrations investigated. The effect of the addition of small amounts of carbon dioxide or ethane to the gas dissolved in aqueous solutions is to enhance methane solubility compared to solutions without other gases. Higher concentrations of dissolved gases, depending upon the salinity and the gas involved, decrease aqueous methane solubility. The addition of carbon dioxide always increased total gas content even when reducing the concentration of methane. With increasing concentration of ethane in the dissolved gases the total gas content reaches a maximum and then both methane and total gas content decrease. Comparison of experimental methane solubilities with gas/water ratios, salinities, bottom hole temperatures and …
Date:
June 1, 1982
Creator:
Blount, C. W. & Price, L. C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Final data report for the instrumented fuel assembly (IFA)-432
This report presents the in-reactor data collected during the irradiation of the six-rod instrumented fuel assembly (IFA)-432 in the Halden Boiling Water Reactor (HBWR) from June 1980 through June 1981. This Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL)-designed assembly was one of a series of US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)-sponsored tests to obtain data for the development and verification of steady-state fuel performance computer codes. IFA-432 operated from December 1975 until June 1981, when it was removed from the reactor. Two of the rods were removed for examination, and the assembly was reinserted in December 1981 to obtain additional data. Fuel centerline temperatures, cladding elongations, internal fuel rod pressures, and local powers at thermocouple positions were monitored during the irradiation of IFA-432; and the resulting data are presented in this report.
Date:
June 1, 1982
Creator:
Bradley, E. R.; Cunningham, M. E. & Lanning, D. D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Risk Analysis of Nuclear Safeguards Regulations. [Aggregated Systems Model (ASM)]
The Aggregated Systems Model (ASM), a probabilisitic risk analysis tool for nuclear safeguards, was applied to determine benefits and costs of proposed amendments to NRC regulations governing nuclear material control and accounting systems. The objective of the amendments was to improve the ability to detect insiders attempting to steal large quantities of special nuclear material (SNM). Insider threats range from likely events with minor consequences to unlikely events with catastrophic consequences. Moreover, establishing safeguards regulations is complicated by uncertainties in threats, safeguards performance, and consequences, and by the subjective judgments and difficult trade-offs between risks and safeguards costs. The ASM systematically incorporates these factors in a comprehensive, analytical framework. The ASM was used to evaluate the effectiveness of current safeguards and to quantify the risk of SNM theft. Various modifications designed to meet the objectives of the proposed amendments to reduce that risk were analyzed. Safeguards effectiveness was judged in terms of the probability of detecting and preventing theft, the expected time to detection, and the expected quantity of SNM diverted in a year. Data were gathered in tours and interviews at NRC-licensed facilities. The assessment at each facility was begun by carefully selecting scenarios representing the range of potential …
Date:
June 1, 1982
Creator:
Al-Ayat, R. A.; Altman, W. D. & Judd, B. R.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Multizone infiltration monitoring system
A multizone infiltration monitoring system (MIMS) using a single tracer gas has been developed. MIMS measures zonal infiltration and exfiltration as well as interzonal air movement rates. The system has been used at the 4-zone test house at the SERI interim field site, and this paper presents preliminary results. The present system can determine zonal infiltration rates, and the results show significant differences in infiltration rates for the various zones.
Date:
June 1, 1982
Creator:
Wortman, D.N.; Burch, J. & Judkoff, R.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Effects of Flow on the Migratory Behavior and Survival of Juvenile Fall and Summer Chinook Salmon in John Day Reservoir, 1981 Annual Report of Research.
Research was conducted by NMFS in 1981 to define the effects of instream flows on the passage time, survival, and migrational behavior of 0-age chinook salmon in John Day Reservoir. Fourteen groups (74,683 fish) of marked 0-age chinook salmon were wire-tagged, branded, and released into the tailrace at McNary Dam, fourteen groups (13,746 fish) were branded and released into the reservoir at River Kilometer 375, and 34 groups (14,273) were branded and released into the reservoir at various other sites. More than 55,000 0-age chinook salmon were sampled at the John Day Dam airlift facility. This sample included 623 mark recoveries. Four hundred and eight (408) additional marks were recovered from purse seine samples taken at various sites throughout the reservoir. The average passage time of marked 0-age chinook salmon released in the McNary trailrace was 22 days in 1981. There was no statistically significant evidence to indicate that instream flows affected either the rate of movement or residence time of 0-age chinook salmon in John Day Reservoir in 1981. 7 references, 1 figure, 12 tables.
Date:
June 1, 1982
Creator:
Sims, Carl W. & Miller, David R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Photovoltaic-module encapsulation design and materials selection: Volume 1
Encapsulation-material system requirements, material-selection criteria, and the status and properties of encapsulation materials and processes available to the module manufacturer are presented in detail. Technical and economic goals established for photovoltaic modules and encapsulation systems and their status are described for material suppliers to assist them in assessing the suitability of materials in their product lines and the potential of new-material products. A comprehensive discussion of available encapsulation technology and data is presented to facilitate design and material selection for silicon flat-plate photovoltaic modules, using the best materials available and processes optimized for specific power applications and geographic sites. A basis is provided for specifying the operational and environmental loads that encapsulation material systems must resist. Potential deployment sites for which cost effectiveness may be achieved at a module price much greater than $0.70/W/sub p/, are also considered; data on higher-cost encapsulant materials and processes that may be in use and other material candidates that may be justified for special application are discussed. Described are encapsulation-system functional requirements and candidate design concepts and materials that have been identified and analyzed as having the best potential to meet the cost and performance goals for the Flat-Plate Solar Array Project. The available …
Date:
June 1, 1982
Creator:
Cuddihy, E.; Carroll, W.; Coulbert, C.; Gupta, A. & Liang, R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Natural repository analogue program. Progress report, January 1-March 30, 1982
Lead and uranium isotopic abundances in rocks from the Oklo mine show large deficiencies of radiogenic lead in the mineralized regions and enormous excesses of this element outside the uraniferous zones. A fracture lined with secondary minerals and its host rock from distances as far as approx. 13 meters away contain lead that was deposited contemporaneously. The isotopic composition of lead in these samples varies systematically as a function of distance from the fracture. This regularity may reflect the nature of the processes that transported lead from the ores and deposited it in the surrounding rocks.
Date:
June 1, 1982
Creator:
Curtis, D.B. (comp.)
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Power-conditioning system for the Advanced Test Accelerator
The Advanced Test Accelerator (ATA) is a pulsed, linear induction, electron accelerator currently under construction and nearing completion at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's Site 300 near Livermore, California. The ATA is a 50 MeV, 10 kA machine capable of generating electron beam pulses at a 1 kHz rate in a 10 pulse burst, 5 pps average, with a pulse width of 70 ns FWHM. Ten 18 kV power supplies are used to charge 25 capacitor banks with a total energy storage of 8 megajoules. Energy is transferred from the capacitor banks in 500 microsecond pulses through 25 Command Resonant Charge units (CRC) to 233 Thyratron Switch Chassis. Each Thyratron Switch Chassis contains a 2.5 microfarad capacitor and is charged to 25 kV (780 joules) with voltage regulation of +- .05%. These capacitors are switched into 10:1 step-up resonant transformers to charge 233 Blumleins to 250 kV in 20 microseconds. A magnetic modulator is used instead of a Blumlein to drive the grid of the injector.
Date:
June 1, 1982
Creator:
Newton, M. A.; Smith, M. E.; Birx, D. L.; Branum, D. R.; Cook, E. G.; Copp, R. L. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library