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Study of sonic, neutron, and density logging of low-permeability gas sands. Final report
Gas accumulations in Lower Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous formations are the object of widespread exploration in the Tight Western Gas Sands. The complex lithology of these formations has hindered the usefulness of the sonic, density, and neutron logs. Current log evaluation practices assume a matrix density of 2.68 gm/cc and a matrix travel-time of 52.6 microseconds/ft. The neutron log is calibrated for a sandstone matrix. Conventional analysis yields inconsistent and often contradictory results. Core and petrographic studies have been made on samples from Lower Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous formations in the Uinta Basin. Results indicated that a carbonate cement has filled much of the original porosity and altered the matrix density. Lower porosity samples tend to be heavily cemented and have matrix densities that approach, and even exceed, 2.68 gm/cc. Higher porosity samples tend to be lightly cemented and have matrix densities that approach 2.65 gm/cc. Log analyses in the Uinta Basin, supplemented by core data, reveal that the higher porosity samples have matrix travel-times that approach 55.6 microseconds/ft. The presence of the carbonate cement does not decrease the matrix travel-times as expected. Laboratory measured matrix travel-times substantiate these conclusions. Log analyses also indicate the neutron log, when calibrated for …
Date:
May 1, 1982
Creator:
Osoba, J.S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Design of the Target Fabrication Tritium Laboratory
The design of the Target Fabrication Tritium Laboratory for deuterium-tritium fuel processing for laser fusion targets has been accomplished with the intent of providing redundant safeguard systems. The design of the tritium laboratory is based on a combination of tritium handling techniques that are currently used by experienced laboratories. A description of the laboratory in terms of its interrelated processing systems is presented to provide an understanding of the design features for safe operation.
Date:
May 5, 1982
Creator:
Sherohman, J. W.; Roberts, D. H. & Levine, B. H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Physics of mirror systems
In recent years the emphasis in research on the magnetic mirror approach to fusion has been shifted to address what are essentially economically-motivated issues. The introduction of the Tandem Mirror idea solved in principal the problem of low Q (low fusion power gain) of mirror-based fusion systems. In order to optimize the tandem mirror idea from an economic standpoint, some important improvements have been suggested. These improvements include the thermal barrier idea of Baldwin and Logan and the axicell concept of Kesner. These new modifications introduce some special physics considerations. Among these are (1) The MHD stability properties of high energy electron components in the end cells; (2) The optimization of end-cell magnetic field configurations with the objective of minimizing equilibrium parallel currents; (3) The suppression of microstabilities by use of sloshing ion distributions. Following a brief outline of tandem mirror concepts, the above three topics are discussed, with illustrative examples taken from earlier work or from recent design studies.
Date:
May 1, 1982
Creator:
Post, Richard F.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Technical evaluation report on the proposed design modifications and technical specification changes on grid voltage degradation for the Millstone Nuclear Power Station, Unit 1
This report documents the technical evaluation of the proposed design modifications and Technical Specification change for protection of Class 1E equipment from grid voltage degradation for the Millstone Nuclear Power Station, Unit 1. The review criteria are based on several IEEE standards and the Code of Federal Regulations. The evaluation finds that the licensee has not provided sufficient information on the undervoltage protection system to allow a complete evaluation into the adequacy of protecting the Class 1E equipment from sustained voltage degradation.
Date:
May 13, 1982
Creator:
Selan, J.C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Pulverized coal combustion. Semi-annual report, October 1, 1981-March 31, 1982
A flow tube reactor for the study of the reactivity of pulverized coal under controlled conditions has been developed. The reactor system incorporates optical diagnostics as well as probe sampling techniques to measure the reactivity of coals with differing physical and chemical properties. The aim of the research is to provide fundamental data that can be used in the design and development of coal combustion systems. Two size ranges of pulverized Montana Rosebud and one size of Illinois No. 6 coal were burned in a 7.3% oxygen-containing Ar/N/sub 2/ atmosphere. Gas temperatures were between 1140 K and 1750 K. In addition several measurements were made of micropore volume using CO/sub 2/ adsorption at room temperature. Qualitative behavior of both coals at high gas temperatures is consistent with a two stage combustion mechanism: devolatilization followed by char burnout. Results for the low temperature cases are less easy to interpret. Despite the fact that both diffusion and heterogeneous chemical rates decrease with decreasing temperature, the reactivity rates in the low gas temperature environment are comparable to those in the high gas temperature. It is quite likely that devolatilization occurring over periods much longer than 20 msec contributes to this high reactivity. Physical …
Date:
May 1, 1982
Creator:
Leslie, I.; Jost, M. & Kruger, C.H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Molecular beams studies of the energetics and dynamics of elementary chemical reactions
Quantum mechanical effects on the angular distribution of HF products from the F + H/sub 2/ reaction were studied using crossed atomic and molecular beams with a rotatable mass spectrometer detector and time-of-flight velocity analysis. Measurement of the singlet-triplet splitting of CH/sub 2/ from the recoil velocities of fragments from ketene photodissociation in a molecular beam is also reported. Partial center-of-mass angular distributions, and velocity flux contour maps have been derived for individual vibrational states of the HF product from the F + H/sub 2/ reaction at collision energies of 2 and 3 kcal/mole. The center-of-mass distributions were obtained by analysis of laboratory angular and time-of-flight measurements of the reactive scattering. The results are consistent with recent three dimensional quantum mechanical scattering calculations, which predict that resonance effects should appear in the product angular distributions in this energy range. The photofragmentation of ketene in a molecular beam was used to measure the singlet-triplet splitting in CH/sub 2/. A rare gas halide excimer laser operating at 351 nm (XeF) and 308 nm (XeCl) dissociated the ketene. Time-of-flight measurements of the fragment velocities allowed determination of the energetics of the dissociation. The /sup 1/A/sub 1/ - /sup 3/B/sub 1/ splitting in CH/sub …
Date:
May 1, 1982
Creator:
Hayden, C.C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Soft x-ray measurements from the PDX tokamak
Temporally and spatially-resolved profiles of the PDX soft x-ray spectra have been measured during single tokamak pulses of circular and divertor plasmas with a recently developed pulse height analyzer. This detection system incorporates an array of five vertically displaced sets of lithium-drifted silicon detectors, each consisting of three independent channels optimized for rapid data collection in adjacent energy regions. Simultaneous measurement of x-ray emission integrated along five chords of the plasma cross section can thereby be achieved. Abel inversion of these data yields temporally-resolved radial profiles of the local electron temperature from the slope of the continuum, concentrations of high-Z impurities from the characteristic line intensities, and a measure of Z/sub eff/ from the continuum intensity. The techniques of x-ray pulse height analysis, with illustrations featuring the results from the initial PDX circular plasma experiments are discussed in detail. In addition, comparisons between circular and divertor plasmas on PDX, derived from the x-ray measurements, are also presented.
Date:
May 1, 1982
Creator:
Silver, E. H.; Bitter, M.; Brau, K.; Eames, D.; Greenberger, A.; Hill, K. W. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
HTGR nuclear heat source component design and experience
The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) nuclear heat source components have been under design and development since the mid-1950's. Two power plants have been designed, constructed, and operated: the Peach Bottom Atomic Power Station and the Fort St. Vrain Nuclear Generating Station. Recently, development has focused on the primary system components for a 2240-MW(t) steam cycle HTGR capable of generating about 900 MW(e) electric power or alternately producing high-grade steam and cogenerating electric power. These components include the steam generators, core auxiliary heat exchangers, primary and auxiliary circulators, reactor internals, and thermal barrier system. A discussion of the design and operating experience of these components is included.
Date:
May 1, 1982
Creator:
Peinado, C.O.; Wunderlich, R.G. & Simon, W.A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Imaging using accelerated heavy ions
Several methods for imaging using accelerated heavy ion beams are being investigated at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. Using the HILAC (Heavy-Ion Linear Accelerator) as an injector, the Bevalac can accelerate fully stripped atomic nuclei from carbon (Z = 6) to krypton (Z = 34), and partly stripped ions up to uranium (Z = 92). Radiographic studies to date have been conducted with helium (from 184-inch cyclotron), carbon, oxygen, and neon beams. Useful ranges in tissue of 40 cm or more are available. To investigate the potential of heavy-ion projection radiography and computed tomography (CT), several methods and instrumentation have been studied.
Date:
May 1, 1982
Creator:
Chu, W.T.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Hydrothermal industrialization: direct heat development. Final report
A description of hydrothermal resources suitable for direct applications, their associated temperatures, geographic distribution and developable capacity are given. An overview of the hydrothermal direct-heat development infrastructure is presented. Development activity is highlighted by examining known and planned geothermal direct-use applications. Underlying assumptions and results for three studies conducted to determine direct-use market penetration of geothermal energy are discussed.
Date:
May 1, 1982
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Nuclear heat source component design considerations for HTGR process heat reactor plant concept
The coupling of a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) and a chemical process facility has the potential for long-term synthetic fuel production (i.e., oil, gasoline, aviation fuel, hydrogen, etc) using coal as the carbon source. Studies are in progress to exploit the high-temperature capability of an advanced HTGR variant for nuclear process heat. The process heat plant discussed in this paper has a 1170-MW(t) reactor as the heat source and the concept is based on indirect reforming, i.e., the high-temperature nuclear thermal energy is transported (via an intermediate heat exchanger (IHX)) to the externally located process plant by a secondary helium transport loop. Emphasis is placed on design considerations for the major nuclear heat source (NHS) components, and discussions are presented for the reactor core, prestressed concrete reactor vessel (PCRV), rotating machinery, and heat exchangers.
Date:
May 1, 1982
Creator:
McDonald, C. F.; Kapich, D.; King, J. H. & Venkatesh, M. C.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Non-evaluation applications for covariance matrices
The possibility for application of covariance matrix techniques to a variety of common research problems other than formal data evaluation are demonstrated by means of several examples. These examples deal with such matters as fitting spectral data, deriving uncertainty estimates for results calculated from experimental data, obtaining the best values for plurally-measured quantities, and methods for analysis of cross section errors based on properties of the experiment. The examples deal with realistic situations encountered in the laboratory, and they are treated in sufficient detail to enable a careful reader to extrapolate the methods to related problems.
Date:
May 1, 1982
Creator:
Smith, D. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Reactivation of the Shock-Tunnel Facility at Fort Cronkhite. Final report
This final report describes the results of work undertaken to reactivate the Shock Tunnel Facility at Battery Townsley, Fort Cronkhite, Marin County, California. The facility has been reactivated and can not be utilized for blast testing. The major emphasis will be testing of concepts pertaining to programs of interest to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and in particular to civil defense oriented research. However, a wide variety of testing requirements can be accommodated. For example, past programs at the facility have included: tests of debris from trees subjected to blast for Bell Telephone Laboratories; tests of the response of aluminum hull panels to blast loading and of the response of a model surface effects ship for the Naval Ship Research and Development center, and tests of the response of a radome prototype to blast loading conducted for ANCOM (the radome manufacturer). The Shock Tunnel Facility is located in a former coastal defense 16-inch gun emplacement constructed by the US Army beginning in 1938. It was converted in 1967 to serve as a facility for full-scale testing of the loading and response of structural elements and civil defense equipment. It remained in operation until November 1976 when Battery Townsley was …
Date:
May 1, 1982
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Beam-storage studies in the Fermilab main ring
Bunched beams of 100 and 150 GeV have been stored in the Fermilab Main Ring for periods of up to one hour. The observations of beam current and beam profiles are analyzed for the effects of gas scattering, chromaticity and non-linear magnetic field.
Date:
May 6, 1982
Creator:
MacLachlan, J.A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Specific gamma-ray dose constants for nuclides important to dosimetry and radiological assessment
Tables of specific gamma-ray dose constants (the unshielded gamma-ray dose equivalent rate at 1 m from a point source) have been computed for approximately 500 nuclides important to dosimetry and radiological assessment. The half life, the mean attenuation coefficient, and thickness for a lead shield providing 95% dose equivalent attenuation are also listed.
Date:
May 1, 1982
Creator:
Unger, L.M. & Trubey, D.K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
State geothermal commercialization programs in seven Rocky Mountain states. Semiannual progress report, January-July 1981
The activities and findings of the seven state commercialization teams participating in the Rocky Mountain Basin and Range commercialization program are described. For each state (Colorado, Montana, New Mexico, North and South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming), prospect identification, area development plans, site specific development analyses, time-phased project plans, the aggregated prospective geothermal energy use, and institutional analyses are discussed. Public outreach activities are also covered, and findings and recommendations are given for each state. Some background information about the program is provided. (LEW)
Date:
May 1, 1982
Creator:
Lunis, B.C. & Toth, W.J. (comps.)
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Numerical and experimental investigation of simulated explosions inside a flow network
The results of a numerical and an experimental study of a flow network subjected to a simulated explosion are presented. The numerical simulation uses a computer code called EVENT that predicts the response of a system under gas-dynamic stress conditions. The experiment uses a real flow system that is injected with a high-pressure gas. The results from these two are compared using a flow parameter such as pressure. We conclude that the numerical calculation matches the results of the experiment quite well.
Date:
May 1, 1982
Creator:
Tang, P. K.; Gregory, W. S. & Ricketts, C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Absorption of ion Bernstein waves by impurity cyclotron harmonics
This paper analyzes the damping of externally-launched ion Bernstein waves by absorption at the cyclotron harmonics of the impurity ions. The inclusion of the non-magnetic energy flux term reduces the damping rate by nearly two orders of magnitude from the previous calculation. Excessive impurity damping can be avoided by launching ion Bernstein waves at a frequency just below the second (or higher) cyclotron harmonic of hydrogen.
Date:
May 1, 1982
Creator:
Ono, M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Photoelectron spectroscopy of supersonic molecular beams
A new technique for performing high resolution molecular photoelectron spectroscopy is described, beginning with its conceptual development, through the construction of a prototypal apparatus, to the initial applications on a particularly favorable molecular system. The distinguishing features of this technique are: (1) the introduction of the sample in the form of a collimated supersonic molecular beam; and (2) the use of an electrostatic deflection energy analyzer which is carefully optimized in terms of sensitivity and resolution. This combination makes it possible to obtain photoelectron spectra at a new level of detail for many small molecules. Three experiments are described which rely on the capability to perform rotationally-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy on the hydrogen molecule and its isotopes. The first is a measurement of the ionic vibrational and rotational spectroscopic constants and the vibrationally-selected photoionization cross sections. The second is a determination of the photoelectron asymmetry parameter, ..beta.., for selected rotational transitions. The third is an investigation of the rotational relaxation in a free jet expansion, using photoelectron spectroscopy as a probe of the rotational state population distributions. In the closing chapter an assessment is made of the successes and limitations of the technique, and an indication is given of areas for …
Date:
May 1, 1982
Creator:
Pollard, J. E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Vibratory compaction tests on graphite powders for neutron shielding
Mistures of three size ranges of graphite powders have been vibratory packed to densities as high as 1.40 gm/cm/sup 3/, which is 87.5 percent of the design density for the graphte segment of the FMIT test cell shield. Ultrasonic resonance vibration of the particles was determined to be an impractical method for achieving the required density. Possible options for fabricating the shield are: (1) revert to solid graphite, rather than vibratory packed powder, or (2) develop the mechanical vibratory compaction method, which would require (a) designing for the higher heat-load attendant with the reduced graphite density, or (b) increasing the thickness of the graphite segment by 15 percent or (c) seeking a new source of graphite powder with higher particle density.
Date:
May 1, 1982
Creator:
Morgan, W. C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Once-through thorium fuel cycle evaluation for TVA's Browns Ferry-3 Boiling Water Reactor
This report documents benchmark evaluations to test thorium lattice predictive methods and neutron cross sections against available data and summarizes specific evaluations of the once-through thorium cycle when applied to the Browns Ferry-3 BWR. It was concluded that appreciable uncertainties in thorium cycle nuclear data cloud the ability to reliably predict the fuel cycle performance and that power reactor irradiations of ThO/sub 2/ rods in BWRs are desirable to resolve uncertainties. Benchmark evaluations indicated that the ENDF/B-IV data used in the evaluations should cause an underprediction of U-233/ThO/sub 2/ fuel reactivity, and, therefore, the results of the preliminary evaluations completed under the program should be conservative.
Date:
May 1, 1982
Creator:
Hopkins, G.C. (comp.)
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Nonlinear excitation of magnetostatic fluctuations by kinetic drift-Alfven waves
It is shown that, for typical tokamak parameters, superthermal magnetostatic convective-cell fluctuations can be nonlinearly excited by a moderate level of kinetic drift-Alfven turbulence (e.g., delta n/n/sub 0/ approx. 1 %). Effects on the plasma cross-field transport and the nonlinear evolution of drift-Alfven turbulence are also briefly discussed.
Date:
May 1, 1982
Creator:
Kaw, P.K. & Chen, L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Modeling the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor process heat plant: a nuclear to chemical conversion process
The high-temperature heat available from the High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTGR) makes it suitable for many process applications. One of these applications is a large-scale energy production plant where nuclear energy is converted into chemical energy and stored for industrial or utility applications. This concept combines presently available nuclear HTGR technology and energy conversion chemical technology. The design of this complex plant involves questions of interacting plant dynamics and overall plant control. This paper discusses how these questions were answered with the aid of a hybrid computer model that was developed within the time-frame of the conceptual design studies. A brief discussion is given of the generally good operability shown for the plant and of the specific potential problems and their anticipated solution. The paper stresses the advantages of providing this information in the earliest conceptual phases of the design.
Date:
May 1, 1982
Creator:
Pfremmer, R.D. & Openshaw, F.L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Passive test cell data for the solar laboratory, Winter 1980-81
Testing was done during the 1980-81 winter in 400 ft/sup 3/ test cells at the Los Alamos National Laboratory Solar Lab. This testing was done primarily to determine the relative efficiency of various passive solar heating concepts and to obtain data that could be used to validate computer simulation programs. The passive solar systems tested were Trombe wall with and without selective absorber, water wall, phase-change wall, direct gain, a heat-pipe collector, and two sunspace geometries. The heating load coefficient of these cells was roughly 26 Btu/h /sup 0/F and the collector area was 23.4 ft/sup 2/, giving a load collector ratio of approximately 27 Btu//sup 0/F day ft/sup 2/. The test cell configurations and instrumentation are detailed herein, and the resulting data and cell efficiencies are discussed.
Date:
May 1, 1982
Creator:
McFarland, R.D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library