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Portable, remotely operated, computer-controlled, quadrupole mass spectrometer for field use
A portable, remote-controlled mass spectrometer was required at the Nevada Test Site to analyze prompt post-event gas from the nuclear cavity in support of the underground testing program. A Balzers QMG-511 quadrupole was chosen for its ability to be interfaced to a DEC LSI-11 computer and to withstand the ground movement caused by this field environment. The inlet system valves, the pumps, the pressure and temperature transducers, and the quadrupole mass spectrometer are controlled by a read-only-memory-based DEC LSI-11/2 with a high-speed microwave link to the control point which is typically 30 miles away. The computer at the control point is a DEC LSI-11/23 running the RSX-11 operating system. The instrument was automated as much as possible because the system is run by inexperienced operators at times. The mass spectrometer has been used on an initial field event with excellent performance. The gas analysis system is described, including automation by a novel computer control method which reduces operator errors and allows dynamic access to the system parameters.
Date:
April 1, 1982
Creator:
Friesen, R.D.; Newton, J.C. & Smith, C.F.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Design concept and testing of an in-bundle gamma densitometer for subchannel void fraction measurements in the THTF electrically heated rod bundle. [PWR]
A design concept is presented for an in-bundle gamma densitometer system for measurement of subchannel average fluid density and void fraction in rod or tube bundles. This report describes (1) the application of the design concept to the Thermal-Hydraulic Test Facility (THTF) electrically heated rod bundle; and (2) results from tests conducted in the THTF.
Date:
April 1, 1982
Creator:
Felde, D. K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Nuclear-power-plant perimeter-intrusion alarm systems
Timely intercept of an intruder requires the examination of perimeter barriers and sensors in terms of reliable detection, immediate assessment and prompt response provisions. Perimeter security equipment and operations must at the same time meet the requirements of the Code of Federal Regulations, 10 CFR 73.55 with some attention to the performance and testing figures of Nuclear Regulatory Guide 5.44, Revision 2, May 1980. A baseline system is defined which recommends a general approach to implementing perimeter security elements: barriers, lighting, intrusion detection, alarm assessment. The baseline approach emphasizes cost/effectiveness achieved by detector layering and logic processing of alarm signals to produce reliable alarms and low nuisance alarm rates. A cost benefit of layering along with video assessment is reduction in operating expense. The concept of layering is also shown to minimize testing costs where detectability performance as suggested by Regulatory Guide 5.44 is to be performed. Synthesis of the perimeter intrusion alarm system and limited testing of CCTV and Video Motion Detectors (VMD), were performed at E-Systems, Greenville Division, Greenville, Texas during 1981.
Date:
April 1, 1982
Creator:
Halsey, D. J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Role of human- and animal-sperm studies in the evaluation of male reproductive hazards
Human sperm tests provide a direct means of assessing chemically induced spermatogenic dysfunction in man. Available tests include sperm count, motility, morphology (seminal cytology), and Y-body analyses. Over 70 different human exposures have been monitored in various groups of exposed men. The majority of exposures studied showed a significant change from control in one or more sperm tests. When carefully controlled, the sperm morphology test is statistically the most sensitive of these human sperm tests. Several sperm tests have been developed in nonhuman mammals for the study of chemical spermatotoxins. The sperm morphology test in mice has been the most widely used. Results with this test seem to be related to germ-cell mutagenicity. In general, animal sperm tests should play an important role in the identification and assessment of potential human reproductive hazards. Exposure to spermatotoxins may lead to infertility, and more importantly, to heritable genetic damage. While there are considerable animal and human data suggesting that sperm tests may be used to detect agents causing infertility, the extent to which these tests detect heritable genetic damage remains unclear. (ERB)
Date:
April 7, 1982
Creator:
Wyrobek, A.J.; Gordon, L. & Watchmaker, G.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
User manual for AQUASTOR: a computer model for cost analysis of aquifer thermal energy storage coupled with district heating or cooling systems. Volume I. Main text
A computer model called AQUASTOR was developed for calculating the cost of district heating (cooling) using thermal energy supplied by an aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) system. The AQUASTOR model can simulate ATES district heating systems using stored hot water or ATES district cooling systems using stored chilled water. AQUASTOR simulates the complete ATES district heating (cooling) system, which consists of two principal parts: the ATES supply system and the district heating (cooling) distribution system. The supply system submodel calculates the life-cycle cost of thermal energy supplied to the distribution system by simulating the technical design and cash flows for the exploration, development, and operation of the ATES supply system. The distribution system submodel calculates the life-cycle cost of heat (chill) delivered by the distribution system to the end-users by simulating the technical design and cash flows for the construction and operation of the distribution system. The model combines the technical characteristics of the supply system and the technical characteristics of the distribution system with financial and tax conditions for the entities operating the two systems into one techno-economic model. This provides the flexibility to individually or collectively evaluate the impact of different economic and technical parameters, assumptions, and uncertainties …
Date:
April 1, 1982
Creator:
Huber, H. D.; Brown, D. R. & Reilly, R. W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Predictive methodology for supply disruptions
Energy supply disruptions do not suddenly arise in a full-blown fashion. Lags in the energy system provide a time horizon which allows for the prediction of a possible supply problem. A simple model is described which can be used to provide a set of indicators for the possible onset of an energy emergency. The methodology was tested on the gasoline shortage of 1979, and the results are presented.
Date:
April 1, 1982
Creator:
Beller, M. & D'Acierno, J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Influence of civil defense on strategic countervalue fatalities
Two modeling studies were conducted to simulate the effect of fallout shelters on the outcome of a massive countervalue nuclear exchange between the Soviet Union and the United States. One was to determine the number of nuclear weapons required to mount an effective fallout attack against a country with dispersed population; the other was to determine the number of expected US fatalities resulting from a countervalue attack against US urban population centers. The results of these studies indicate that the number of weapons required to mount such an attack depends on the adequacy of the shelter system and that the evacuation of urban populations can substantially reduce expected fatality levels.
Date:
April 28, 1982
Creator:
Harvey, T. F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Initial atmospheric-dispersion modeling in support of the multiple-site incineration study
Several modeling series which estimate population exposure to stack emissions from incineration of hazardous organic materials at 22 commercial incinerator sites are presented. These modeling series can be divided into three groups. One group estimates long- and short-term atmospheric concentrations and population exposures for each of 22 sites. These modeling predictions can be used to assess chronic and acute exposure. The second group consists of sensitivity analyses which show the effect of changes in stack parameters on the number of people exposed to specified concentration levels. The third group compares concentration estimates of two atmospheric dispersion computer codes. Results of each modeling series are contained in the appendices of this report.
Date:
April 1, 1982
Creator:
Holton, G. A.; Little, C. A.; O'Donnell, F. R.; Etnier, E. L. & Travis, C. C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Carcinogenesis and low-level ionizing radiation with special reference to lung cancer and exposure to radon daughters
Of the important health effects of ionizing radiation, three important late effects - carcinogenesis, teratogenesis and mutagenesis are of greatest concern. This is because any exposure, even at low levels, carries some risk of such deleterious effects. As the dose of radiation increases above very low levels, the risk of health effects increases. Cancer-induction is the most important late somatic effect of low-dose ionizing radiation. Solid cancers, rather than leukemia, are principal late effects in exposed individuals. Tissues vary greatly in their susceptibility to radiation carcinogenesis. The most frequently occurring radiation-induced cancers in man include, in decreasing order of susceptibility: the female breast, the thyroid gland, the blood-forming tissues, the lung, certain organs of the gastrointestinal tract, and the bones. A number of biological and physical factors affect the cancer risk, such as age, sex, life-style, LET, and RBE. Despite uncertainty about low-level radiation risks, regulatory and advisory bodies must set standards for exposure, and individuals need information to be able to make informed judgments for themselves. From the point of view of the policy maker, the overriding concern is the fact that small doses of radiation can cause people to have more cancers than would otherwise be expected. While …
Date:
April 1, 1982
Creator:
Fabrikant, Jacob I.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Time-resolved soft-x-ray studies of energy transport in layered and planar laser-driven targets
New low-energy x-ray diagnostic techniques are used to explore energy-transport processes in laser heated plasmas. Streak cameras are used to provide 15-psec time-resolution measurements of subkeV x-ray emission. A very thin (50 ..mu..g/cm/sup 2/) carbon substrate provides a low-energy x-ray transparent window to the transmission photocathode of this soft x-ray streak camera. Active differential vacuum pumping of the instrument is required. The use of high-sensitivity, low secondary-electron energy-spread CsI photocathodes in x-ray streak cameras is also described. Significant increases in sensitivity with only a small and intermittant decrease in dynamic range were observed. These coherent, complementary advances in subkeV, time-resolved x-ray diagnostic capability are applied to energy-transport investigations of 1.06-..mu..m laser plasmas. Both solid disk targets of a variety of Z's as well as Be-on-Al layered-disk targets were irradiated with 700-psec laser pulses of selected intensity between 3 x 10/sup 14/ W/cm/sup 2/ and 1 x 10/sup 15/ W/cm/sup 2/.
Date:
April 19, 1982
Creator:
Stradling, G.L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Calorimetry in superfluid He II to measure losses in superconducting magnets
A method using calorimetry to measure magnet losses in pressurized Helium II is described. The isothermal nature of He II is used in measuring the overall heat capacity of the system and the net refrigeration power. During the measurements, the refrigeration power is held fixed, and the system (400 liters) temperature is near 1.92 K. The calorimetric measurement was calibrated against known power inputs between 1 and 20 W. This technique can even measure heat loads higher than the available refrigeration. Results of loss measurement on two dipole magnets are reported.
Date:
April 1, 1982
Creator:
Caspi, S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Torsional rigidity of central calorimeter module. [Using ANSYS computer code]
The torsional rigidity of the central calorimeter module is obtained using ANSYS.
Date:
April 23, 1982
Creator:
Leininger, M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Tracer study of batch sedimentation. [Resin beads - 45 and 62. mu. m in diameter]
The initial particle-concentration profile in batch settling tests was assessed and determined to be uniform. Two sets of data for batch-settling tests using cobalt-57-traced ion-exchange resin beads (45 and 62 ..mu..m in diameter) were compared with existing theories and models. A single suspended-solids zone was observed in agreement with the predictions of Dixon; the Richardson-Zaki correlation predicted the settling velocity as a function of void fraction to within 5%. Studies with a bimodal particle-size distribution of equal fraction of 45- and 62-..mu..m particles showed that the larger particles settled at the same velocity as in a single-particle-size distribution but that the smaller ones settled slower than for a single-particle-size distribution at a given void fraction. The ratio of the settling velocity of the smaller particles in a bimodal-particle-size distribution u/sub b/ to the settling velocity of these particles in a single particle-size distribution u/sub s/ was correlated by raising to the (3.78 +- 0.47) power the effective void fraction of the resulting upper settling zone containing only the smaller particles.
Date:
April 1, 1982
Creator:
Bigot, P.C. & Lee, A.H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fate of corrosion products released from stainless steel in marine sediments and seawater. Part 2. Sequim Bay clayey silt
This report describes laboratory experiments in which neutron-activated 347 stainless steel specimens were exposed to clayey silt from Sequim Bay, Washington. The properties and trace metal geochemistry of the sediment and the amounts of corrosion products that were released under oxic and reduced conditions and their distribution among different chemical fractions of the sediment are discussed. The distributions of Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni and Cu among different chemical forms in the Sequim Bay sediment show that DTPA removed <10% of extractable Cr, Fe and Mn, approx. 20% of extractable Ni and approx. 30% of extractable Cu. The inorganic fraction (material soluble in 2.5% acetic acid) accounted for approx. 30% of total extractable Mn and approx. 10% or less of Cr, Fe, Ni and Cu. Major portions of Cr and Cu, and a large amount of Fe were in the organic fraction. Extractable Mn, Fe and Ni were associated with hydrous oxides likely as coatings on the mineral substrate of the sediment. No Co was detectable in any of the extracts. (PSB)
Date:
April 1, 1982
Creator:
Schmidt, R. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Dynamo theory: can amplification of magnetic-field profiles arise from a cross-field alpha effect
The answer to the title question is here provided in cylindrical geometry for an essentially arbitrary radial dependence of this alpha effect, except that it is subject to a simple, physically required constraint. The interest in this type of alpha effect derives from its connection with compressible turbulence, which is usually not considered in kinematic dynamo theory.
Date:
April 1, 1982
Creator:
Gerwin, Richard & Keinigs, Rhon
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Uranium hydrogeochemical and stream-sediment reconnaissance of the Point Hope NTMS quadrangle, Alaska
This report presents results of a Hydrogeochemical and Stream Sediment Reconnaissance (HSSR) of the Point Hope NTMS quadrangle, Alaska. In addition to this abbreviated data release, more complete data are available to the public in machine-readable form. These machine-readable data, as well as quarterly or semiannual program progress reports containing further information on the HSSR program in general, or on the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) portion of the program in particular, are available from DOE's Technical Library at its Grand Junction Area Office. Presented in this data release are location data, field analyses, and laboratory analyses of several different sample media. For the sake of brevity, many field site observations have not been included in this volume; these data are, however, available on the magnetic tape. Appenidx A describes the sample media and summarizes the analytical results for each medium. The data have been subdivided by one of the Los Alamos National Laboratory sorting programs of Zinkl and others (1981a) into stream-sediment samples. For each group which contains a sufficient number of observations, statistical tables, tables of raw data, and 1;1,000,000 scale maps of pertinent elements have been included in this report. Also included are maps showing results of …
Date:
April 1, 1982
Creator:
Shettel, D. L., Jr.; Langfeldt, S. L.; Hardy, L. C.; D'Andrea, R. F., Jr. & Zinkl, R. J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Geothermal investigations in Ohio and Pennsylvania
New values of heat flow were determined for the Appalachian Plateau in eastern Ohio and northwestern Pennsylvania. Corrected values for wells in Washington and Summit Counties, Ohio, are 1.36 and 1.37 heat-flow units (HFU), respectively. Those of 1.84 and 2.00 HFU define a previously unknown heat-flow high in Venango and Clarion counties, Pennsylvania. Thermal conductivity was measured for core samples from 12 wells in Ohio and 6 wells in Pennsylvania. Heat production was determined for 34 core and outcrop samples from Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey.
Date:
April 1982
Creator:
Eckstein, Yoram; Heimlich, Richard A.; Palmer, Donald F. & Shannon, Spencer S., Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Lasers in chemical processing
The high cost of laser energy is the crucial issue in any potential laser-processing application. It is expensive relative to other forms of energy and to most bulk chemicals. We show those factors that have previously frustrated attempts to find commercially viable laser-induced processes for the production of materials. Having identified the general criteria to be satisfied by an economically successful laser process and shown how these imply the laser-system requirements, we present a status report on the uranium laser isotope separation (LIS) program at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL).
Date:
April 15, 1982
Creator:
Davis, J.I.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Geotechnical issues and guidelines for storage of compressed air in excavated hard rock caverns
The results of a literature survey on the stability of excavated hard rock caverns are presented. The objective of the study was to develop geotechnical criteria for the design of compressed air energy storage (CAES) caverns in hard rock formations. These criteria involve geologic, hydrological, geochemical, geothermal, and in situ stress state characteristics of generic rock masses. Their relevance to CAES caverns, and the identification of required research areas, are identified throughout the text. This literature survey and analysis strongly suggests that the chief geotechnical issues for the development and operation of CAES caverns in hard rock are impermeability for containment, stability for sound openings, and hydrostatic balance.
Date:
April 1, 1982
Creator:
Allen, R. D.; Doherty, T. J. & Fossum, A. F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
1981 environmental monitoring report
The environmental levels of radioactivity and other pollutants found in the vicinity of BNL during 1981 are summarized in this report. As an aid in the interpretation of the data, the amounts of radioactivity and other pollutants released in airborne and liquid effluents from Laboratory facilities to the environment are also indicated. The environmental data includes external radiation levels; radioactive air particulates; tritium and iodine concentrations; the amounts and concentrations of radioactivity in and the water quality of the stream into which liquid effluents are released; the concentrations of radioactivity in sediments and biota from the stream; the concentrations of radioactivity in and the water quality of ground waters underlying the Laboratory; and concentrations of radioactivity in milk samples obtained in the vicinity of the Laboratory. 28 references, 9 figures, 20 tables.
Date:
April 1, 1982
Creator:
Naidu, J.R. & Olmer, L.L. (eds.)
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Some aspects of the computer simulation of conduction heat transfer and phase change processes
Various aspects of phase change processes in materials are discussd including computer modeling, validation of results and sensitivity. In addition, the possible incorporation of cognitive activities in computational heat transfer is examined.
Date:
April 1, 1982
Creator:
Solomon, A. D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Environmental Information Document: L-reactor reactivation
Purpose of this Environmental Information Document is to provide background for assessing environmental impacts associated with the renovation, restartup, and operation of L Reactor at the Savannah River Plant (SRP). SRP is a major US Department of Energy installation for the production of nuclear materials for national defense. The purpose of the restart of L Reactor is to increase the production of nuclear weapons materials, such as plutonium and tritium, to meet projected needs in the nuclear weapons program.
Date:
April 1, 1982
Creator:
Mackey, H.E. Jr. (comp.)
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development and evaluation of wastewater-treatment processes at the H-Coal site in Catlettsburg, Kentucky. Volume I. Design summary and R and D task identification
The design of a mobile process development unit (PDU) for coal conversion wastewater treatment and an overview of the associated R and D program for its use are described. The PDU consists of three modular units, which can be arranged in various sequences: carbon adsorption, ozonation, and reverse osmosis. Each of the units has a nominal flow capacity of approx. 60 mL of wastewater feed per second (1 gpm). The feed to the PDU will be taken as a sidestream from the existing wastewater treatment system at the H-Coal site. It will have been processed through oil-water separation and distillation stripping, and can be taken both before and after bio-oxidation by an activated sludge process. The ozonation system experimental parameters are ozone contact time, ozone treatment rate, column pressure, and pH. The system will be analyzed as a continuous stirred tank reactor. The calculated results will include ozone reaction, treatment, and absorption rates, contaminant depletion and reaction rates, ozone absorption and contaminant removal efficiencies, and ozone volumetric mass-transfer coefficients. The carbon adsorption system will be operated to obtain bed-depth-service-time (BDST) data for various carbons and operating conditions. The BDST method will yield the rate of carbon exhaustion as well as …
Date:
April 1, 1982
Creator:
Oswald, G.E.; Walker, J.F.; Brown, C.H.; Klein, J.A. & Genung, R.K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Simple home-made sensors for potentiometric titrations. [Nitroform CH(NO/sub 2/)/sub 3/]
A sensor for potentiometric titrations was prepared by coating a spectroscopic graphite rod with a solution of poly(vinyl chloride) and dioctyphthalate in tetrahydrofuran. The reference electrode was an Ag/AgCl single-junction electrode. The sensor was used in precipitation, acid-base, compleximetric, and redox titrations. Preparation of the coated-graphite sensor is simple and rapid. Moreover, it is quite inexpensive. A limitation is its applicability in aqueous media only, because organic solvents will dissolve the membrane. Various uncoated types of graphite have also been investigated as sensors, particularly in two applications of interest in the analysis of propellants: the titration of nitroform and perchlorate. Obviously, these sensors can be used also in nonaqueous, or partially nonaqueous media. These sensors may also find use in the potentiometric titration of fluoride vs La(III) or Th(IV).
Date:
April 1, 1982
Creator:
Selig, W.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library