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High-current beam transport in the FXR injector
The FXR injector is designed to generate a nominal 4-kA, 1.5-MeV electron beam which represents the central portion of a 15 to 20 kA beam emitted from the cold cathode. Because of difficulties in reaching the 4-kA level repeatably and with good beam quality during the early running-in experiments, it was decided at that time to develop an accelerator tune based on a 2.5-kA injected beam that was better behaved. This beam adequately satisfied the overall design requirements for FXR, with 500 Roentgen of bremsstrahlung produced at 1 meter from the target, and with a radiographic spot size of 3 to 5 mm. More recently, we have begun to develop a 4-kA tune. During preliminary tests carried out in September and October, 1982, we found that in order to extract a 3.8-kA, 1.65-MeV injector beam, the earlier, axial-magnetic-field profile had to be modified and strengthened considerably, and the observed quality (pulse shape) of the emerging beam was not as good as before. This note will describe the modeling effort that was carried out to explain these results.
Date:
December 1, 1982
Creator:
Kulke, B.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
High temperature fluid-bed heat recovery for aluminum melting furnace
The objective of the study was to establish whether technical problems would be encountered in increasing the inlet temperature of the fluid bed heat exchanger unit at Alcoa above the 1100/sup 0/F target of the current contract. Specifically, the temperature range of up to, and potentially above, 1600/sup 0/F were investigated to establish the benefits of higher temperature, trade offs required, and plans to achieve that technology goal. The benefits are tabulated and are very significant, particularly at the temperature range of 1600 to 1800/sup 0/F. Relative to 1100/sup 0/F the heat recovery is increased by 24 to 29% at 1600 and 1800/sup 0/F respectively.
Date:
December 1, 1982
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
HIGHWAY, a transportation routing model: program description and users' manual
A computerized transportation routing model has been developed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory to be used for predicting likely routes for shipping radioactive materials. The HIGHWAY data base is a computerized road atlas containing descriptions of the entire interstate highway system, the federal highway system, and most of the principal state roads. In addition to its prediction of the most likely commercial route, options incorporated in the HIGHWAY model can allow for maximum use of interstate highways or routes that will bypass urbanized areas containing populations > 100,000. The user may also interactively modify the data base to predict routes that bypass any particular state, city, town, or specific highway segment.
Date:
December 1, 1982
Creator:
Joy, D. S.; Johnson, P. E. & Gibson, S. M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
HNS-I small-scale gap-test acceptance-criteria investigation
HNS-I small scale gap tests were conducted at three densities to determine the effect of density on gap sensitivity and the reproducibility of the gap test. Density was found to have a lower effect on sensitivity than the existing HNS-I acceptance region indicates. The reproducibility of the gap test was determined to be +- 0.21 db at a 95% confidence level.
Date:
December 1, 1982
Creator:
Demerson, E.L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Hydrogeologic Features of the Alluvial Deposits in the Owl Creek Valley, Bighorn Basin, Wyoming
Introduction: The alluvial deposits form the principal aquifer in the Owl Creek Valley and the source of water to many stock and domestic wells and to a few irrigation wells. In 1975, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Wyoming State Engineer, began an investigation of the hydrology and geology, including the geomorphology, of Owl Creek Valley (fig. 1) to determine possible favorable areas for obtaining ground water of adequate chemical quality for irrigation and other uses. The part of Owl Creek basin investigated is downstream from Anchor Reservoir and includes North Fork, South Fork, and the mainstem of Owl Creek (pi. 1). However, the area downstream from Embar Ranch (pi. 1) was emphasized during the study.
Date:
December 1982
Creator:
Cooley, Maurice E. & Head, William J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Hydrologic Effects of Storing Liquified Sewage Sludge on Strip-Mined Land, Fulton County, Illinois
From introduction: In 1971, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began a cooperative study to measure stream discharge, suspended-sediment load, and chemical quality of surface waters draining the project area. In 1976, the study was expanded to include measurement of ground-water levels and quality. The general hydrologic system in the vicinity has been described by Patterson, Fuentes, and Toler (1982).
Date:
December 1982
Creator:
Patterson, G. L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Increased Automobile Fuel Efficiency and Synthetic Fuels: Alternatives for Reducing Oil Imports: Background Paper 3: Environmental Issues of Synthetic Transportation Fuels from Coal
A report by the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) that "reviews environmental issues associated with coal liquefaction processes" (p. 1)
Date:
December 1982
Creator:
United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Instrumentation and Controls Division progress report, September 1, 1980-July 1, 1982
Activities are reported by the Reactor Systems Section, Research Instrument Section, and the Measurement and Controls Engineering Section. Reactor system activities include dynamic analysis, survillanc and diagnostic methods, design and evaluation, detectors, facilities support, process instrumentation development, and special assignments. Activities in the Research Instrument Section include the Navy-ORNL RADIAC development program, advanced ..gamma.. and x ray detector systems, neutron detection and subcriticality measurements, circuit development, position-sensitive detectors, stand-alone computers, environmental monitoring-detectors and systems, plant security, engineering support for fusion energy division, engineering support for accelerator physics, and communications: radio, closed-circuit tv, and computer. Activities in the Measurement and Controls Engineering Section include the AVLIS program; gas centrifuge enrichment technology support; Advanced Instrumentation for Reflood Studies (AIDRS) program; instrumentation development support for fuel reprocessing; in-core experiments and reactor systems; energy, conservation, and electric power systems; computer systems; measurements research; and fossil energy studies Publications are listed. (WHK)
Date:
December 1, 1982
Creator:
Klobe, L.E.E. (ed.)
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Irradiation and compatibility testing of Li/sub 2/O materials at EBR-II
A study was made of the neutron-irradiation behavior of /sup 6/Li-enriched Li/sub 2/O material in EBR-II. In addition, a stress corrosion study was performed ex-reactor to test compatibility of Li/sub 2/O materials with a variety of stainless steels. Results of the irradiation testing showed that tritium and helium retention in the Li/sub 2/O (approx. 89% dense) lessened with neutron exposure. Helium tritium retention appeared to approach steady-state after approx. 1% /sup 6/Li burnup. The effect was likely caused by the formation of open porosity in the pellets. The stress corrosion studies, using a 316 stainless steel (Ti-modified) and a 35% Ni alloy, showed that stress does not enhance the corrosion, and that dry Li/sub 2/O is not significantly corrosive, the LiOH content producing the corrosive effects. Corrosion, in general, was not severe as a passivation in sealed capsules seemed to occur after a time greatly reducing corrosion rates.
Date:
December 1, 1982
Creator:
Porter, D. L.; Krsul, J. R.; Laug, M. T.; Tetenbaum, M. & Walters, L. C.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Issues in federal preemption of state appliance energy efficiency regulations
The findings and conclusions of the analysis of the various issues involved in the federal preemption of state regulations for the DOE no standard rule on covered appliances are summarized. The covered products are: refrigerators, refrigerator-freezers, freezers, clothes dryers, kitchen ranges and ovens, water heaters (excluding heat pump water heaters), room air conditioners, central air conditioners (excluding heat pumps), and furnaces. A detailed discussion of the rationale for the positions of groups offering comment for the record is presneted. The pertinent categories of state and local regulations and programs are explained, then detailed analysis is conducted on the covered products and regulations. Issues relating to the timing of preemption of state regulations are discussed, as well as issues relating to burden of proof, contents of petitions for exemptions from preemption, criteria for evaluating petitions, and procedural and other issues. (LEW)
Date:
December 1, 1982
Creator:
Fang, J. M.; Balistocky, S. & Schaefler, A. M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Keystone feasibility study. Final report. Vol. 4
Volume four of the Keystone coal-to-methanol project includes the following: (1) project management; (2) economic and financial analyses; (3) market analysis; (4) process licensing and agreements; and (5) appendices. 24 figures, 27 tables.
Date:
December 1, 1982
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Liming of Acidified Waters: A Review of Methods and Effects on Aquatic Ecosystems
Report discussing acid deposition in surface waters and the resulting effects on wildlife. The report suggests using lime in order to counteract this acidification, and mentions the potential hazards of doing so.
Date:
December 1982
Creator:
Fraser, James E. & Britt, Douglas L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
An LMA-Based Theorem Prover
We describe here a theorem prover constructed from the facilities provided by Logic Machine Architecture (LMA). This program is not part of LMA itself, but illustrates the level of inference-based system which can be constructed from the LMA package of tools. It is a clause-based theorem prover supporting a wide variety of techniques which have proven valuable over the years in a long-running automated deduction research project. In addition, it is designed to present a convenient, interactive interface to its user which includes a number of useful utility commands.
Date:
December 1982
Creator:
Lusk, Ewing L. & Overbeek, Ross A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Logic Machine Architecture Inference Mechanisms: Layer 2 User Reference Manual
Logic Machine Architecture (LMA) is a package of software tools for the construction of inference-based systems. This is the reference manual for layer 2 of LMA. It contains the information necessary to write LMA-based systems at the level of layer 3. Such systems would include theorem provers, expert system reasoning components, and customized deduction components for a variety of application systems.
Date:
December 1982
Creator:
Lusk, Ewing L. & Overbeek, Ross A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Long-term exposure of /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/ to a terrestrial environment
In many space missions that use radioisotope thermoelectric generators, /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/ is used as the source of heat. We exposed some of this heat-source material to simulated terrestrial environments for an 8-yr period. During this time we monitored the release of plutonium to water, air, and soil. Plutonium was found in the air, especially after the beginning of a rain, and in the water that percolated through the soil after a rain, but the major part of the plutonium was held in the soil.
Date:
December 1, 1982
Creator:
Patterson, J. H.; Herrera, B.; Nelson, G. B.; Steinkruger, F. J.; Matlack, G. M. & Pavone, D.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
MARS high-temperature blanket
The MARS high temperature blanket is designed for the dual applications of either high efficiency electricity production or process heat for synthetic fuel production. Other blanket design goals are tritium self-sufficiency, low tritium inventory, more than 40% of the blanket energy extracted at high energy, long lifetime in the neutron environment, no use of reactive liquid metals, minimization of long term activation and use of characterized materials and fabrication techniques. This challenging set of goals has been met with a novel blanket design that uses radial zoning and the unique properties of the lead-lithium eutectic, Pb/sub 83/Li/sub 17/, as a coolant/neutron multiplier/breeder. During the first year of MARS, the blanket design was optimized for electricity production. A reoptimization for the synthetic fuel application is in progress.
Date:
December 1, 1982
Creator:
Gordon, J. D.; Berwald, D. H. & Flanders, B. A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Master schedule for CY-1983 Hanford environmental surveillance routine sampling program
The current schedule of data collection for the routine Hanford environmental surveillance and ground-water monitoring programs at the Hanford Site is presented. The purpose of the programs is to evaluate and report the levels of radioactive and nonradioactive pollutants in the Hanford environs. Radiological monitoring data are reported for air (particulate filter and gases/vapor), Columbia River water, sanitary water, onsite pond water, foodstuffs (whole milk, leafy vegetables, fruit, wheat/alfalfa, beef, poultry/eggs), wildlife, soil and vegetation, and direct radiation. Information is also given for on site radiation control audit surveys (roadway, railway, aerial, and waste disposal sites, and the Hanford ground-water monitoring program.
Date:
December 1, 1982
Creator:
Blumer, P. J.; Sula, M. J.; Eddy, P. A. & Dirkes, R. L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A National CW GeV Electron Microtron Laboratory
Rising interest in the nuclear physics community in a CW GeV electron accelerator reflects the growing importance of high-resolution short-range nuclear physics to future advances in the field. To meet this need, Argonne National Laboratory proposes to build a CW GeV Electron Microtron (GEM) laboratory as a national user facility. The microtron accelerator has been chosen as the technology to generate the electron beams required for the research discussed because of the advantages of superior beam quality, low capital and operating costs and capability of furnishing beams of several energies and intensities simultaneously. A complete technical description of the conceptual design for a six-sided CW microtron (hexatron) is presented. The hexatron and three experimental areas will be housed in a well-shielded complex of existing buildings that provide all utilities and services required for an advanced accelerator and an active research program at a savings of $30 to 40 million. Beam lines have been designed to accommodate the transport of polarized beams to each area. The total capital cost of the facility will be $78.6 million and the annual budget for accelerator operations will be $12.1 million. Design and construction of the facility will require four and one half years. Staged …
Date:
December 1982
Creator:
Argonne National Laboratory
System:
The UNT Digital Library
New fluorocarbon elastomers for seals for geothermal and other aggressive environments. Final report
Saturated ethyllenic elastomers having a range of methyl group substitution, and a range of partial fluorine substitution were screened. Elastomers based on vinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene (VDFHFP) and those based on tetrafluoroethylenepropylene (TFEP) (alternating) were successfully cross-linked by electron-beam radiation and fluorinated to yield elastomeric products, but those based on ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) elastomer became brittle after fluorination. The best products were evaluated using tensile strength, elongation at break, solvent swelling, thermogravimetric analysis and infrared. A wide range of carbon-black filled compositions using the TFEP elastomer were cross-linked. The compositions were then fluorinated at or near room temperature for extended periods of time. After fluorination the samples were subjected to geothermal brine at 300/sup 0/C. The best carbon-black filled composition again lasted at least 100 days in the geothermal brine. This filler-elastomer composition was chosen for use in the production of 0-rings. The 0-rings were produced by compression molding using a 30 ton hydraulic press. Various sizes of 0-rings were produced ranging fro 0.8 to 2.0 inches in diameter and from 1/16 to 3/16 inches in width. The final 0-rings were cross-linked at 40 Mrad and fluorinated under the optimized conditions developed for the samples.
Date:
December 1, 1982
Creator:
Lagow, R.J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Nuclear Diagnostic for Fast Alpha Particles
We investigate the possibility of seeding a fusion plasma with nuclei which can undergo nuclear reactions with energetic alpha particles to produce product nuclei which are radioactive. If a fraction of these product nuclei can be collected and measured, one can obtain information about the presence of fast alpha particles. It appears that a feasible diagnostic could be based upon the /sup 10/B(..cap alpha..,n)/sup 13/N reaction.
Date:
December 1, 1982
Creator:
Grisham, L. R.; Post, D. E. & Dawson, J. M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Ocean energy systems. Quarterly report, October-December 1982
Research progress is reported on developing Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) systems that will provide synthetic fuels (e.g., methanol), energy-intensive products such as ammonia (for fertilizers and chemicals), and aluminum. The work also includes assessment and design concepts for hybrid plants, such as geothermal-OTEC (GEOTEC) plants. Another effort that began in the spring of 1982 is a technical advisory role to DOE with respect to their management of the conceptual design activity of the two industry teams that are designing offshore OTEC pilot plants that could deliver power to Oahu, Hawaii. In addition, a program is underway in which tests of a different kind of ocean-energy device, a turbine that is air-driven as a result of wave action in a chamber, are being planned. This Quarterly Report summarizes the work on the various tasks as of 31 December 1982.
Date:
December 1, 1982
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Overcoming barriers to residential conservation: do energy audits help
A study on the effects of energy audits on the pace and choice of household investment in energy-saving improvements in the home is reported. An evaluation based on the household's assessment of the usefulness of the audit which was provided for their home was performed. The number and types of recent conservation actions among audited and unaudited samples of households are compared. The audit's effect on household knowledge about the economically attractive options for their home and on the choice of recent improvements is assessed. Possible reasons are suggested for the weak effect of audits in stimulating activity and reorienting investment choices. (LEW)
Date:
December 1, 1982
Creator:
Hoffman, W.L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Pacific Northwest Laboratory plan to maintain radiation exposure as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA)
This document describes the radiation safety program at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL). The practices and administrative policies of this program support the principles of ALARA (to maintain radiation exposure as low as reasonably achievable). This document also describes a program to establish safety goals at PNL to help ensure that operations are conducted according to ALARA principles.
Date:
December 1, 1982
Creator:
Higby, D.P. & Denovan, J.T.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Particle size for greatest penetration of HEPA filters - and their true efficiency
The particle size that most greatly penetrates a filter is a function of filter media construction, aerosol density, and air velocity. In this paper the published results of several experiments are compared with a modern filtration theory that predicts single-fiber efficiency and the particle size of maximum penetration. For high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters used under design conditions this size is calculated to be 0.21 ..mu..m diam. This is in good agreement with the experimental data. The penetration at 0.21 ..mu..m is calculated to be seven times greater than at the 0.3 ..mu..m used for testing HEPA filters. Several mechanisms by which filters may have a lower efficiency in use than when tested are discussed.
Date:
December 1, 1982
Creator:
da Roza, R.A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library