A two-dimensional, toroidal, ideal MHD skin-current equilibrium computer code is described. The code is suitable for interactive implementation on a minicomptuer. Some examples of the use of the code for design and interpretation of toroidal cusp experiments are presented.

A technology demonstration of current performance assessment techniques as applied to a nuclear waste repository in the Columbia Plateau Basalts was conducted. Hypothetical repository coordinates were selected for an actual geographical setting on the Hanford Reservation in the state of Washington. Published hydrologic and geologic data used in the analyses were gathered in 1979 or earlier. The following report documents the technology demonstration in basalt. Available information has been used to establish the data base and initial hydrologic and geologic interpretations for this site-specific application. A simplified diagram of the AEGIS analyses is shown. Because an understanding of the dynamics of ground-water flow is essential to the development of release scenarios and consequence analyses, a key step in the demonstration is the systems characterization contained in the conceptual model. Regional and local ground-water movement patterns have been defined with the aid of hydrologic computer models. Hypothetical release scenarios have been developed and evaluated by a process involving expert opinion and a Geologic Simulation Model for basalt. (The Geologic Simulation Model can also be used to forecast future boundary conditions for the hydrologic simulation.) Chemical reactivity of the basalt with ground water will influence the leaching and transport of radionuclides; solubility …

The DP West Plutonium Facility operated by the Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico was decontaminated between April 1978 and April 1981. The facility was constructed in 1944 to 1945 to produce plutonium metal and fabricate parts for nuclear weapons. It was continually used as a plutonium processing and research facility until mid-1978. Decontamination operations included dismantling and removing gloveboxes and conveyor tunnels; removing process systems, utilities, and exhaust ducts; and decontaminating all remaining surfaces. This report describes glovebox and conveyor tunnel separations, decontamination techniques, health and safety considerations, waste management procedures, and costs of the operation.

The progress of energy conservation in the residential sector since the 1973 to 1974 Arab oil embargo is assessed. To accomplish this goal, the reduction in residential energy use per household since 1973 is disaggregated into six possible factors. The factors considered were: (1) building shell efficiencies, (2) geographic distribution of households, (3) appliance efficiency, (4) size of dwelling units, (5) fuel switching, and (6) consumer attitudes. The most important factor identified was improved building shell efficiency, although the impact of appliance efficiency is growing rapidly. Due to data limitations, PNL was not able to quantify the effects of two factors (size of dwelling units and fuel switching) within the framework of this study. The total amount of the energy reduction explained ranged from 18 to 46% over the years 1974 to 1980.

The coupling of lower hybrid waves to a plasma can be modified by placing potentials on electrodes near the mouth of a phased array. Positive potentials on the electrodes create an electric field that sweeps the plasma away at a velocity c anti E x anti B/B/sup 2/. In this paper we derive the electric field created by the applied potential from the nondivergent character of the current flow and the ion momentum equation, in which ion-neutral charge-exchange collisions are retained, and we compare the predictions with experimental data.

The effect of the anisotropic pressure of a hot electron plasma on ballooning-interchange and compressional Alfven modes are investigated. General eigenmode equations for these modes are derived in the eikonal limit with finite gyro-radius effects retained. A local dispersion relation is obtained in the flute limit for an isotropic Maxwellian background plasma with a bi-Maxwellian hot electron population. Stability is investigated both analytically and numerically.

This bibliography lists publications (831 abstracts) from the Pacific Northwest Laboratory's Department of Energy sponsored research and development programs from January 1978 through July of 1982. The abstracts are grouped in subject categories, as shown in the table of contents. Entries in the subject index also facilitate access by subject, e.g., High-Level Radioactive Wastes. Three indexes, each preceded by a brief description, are provided: personal author, subject, and report number. Cited are research reports, journal articles, books, patents, theses, and conference papers. Excluded are technical progress reports. Since 1978 the Nuclear Waste Management Quarterly Progress Report has been published under the series number PNL-3000. Beginning in 1982, this publication has been issued semiannually, under the series number PNL-4250. This bibliography is the successor to two others, BNWL-2201 (covering the years 1965-1976) and PNL-4050 (1975-1978). It is intended to provide a useful reference to literature in waste management written or compiled by PNL staff.

Annual report describing the activities and goals of the National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) during 1981, and a directory list of laboratories including the test methods for which they are accredited.

Reports providing data for 2 uranium occurrences in the Enid Quadrangle, including description, uranium analysis, exact location, deposit type, and features of the host rock.

The analysis within the framework of a theory of what was observed in experiments is essential to the testing of theories and is fundamental to physics. It is shown in this report how group theory can be used to provide a general method of data reduction whereby only the laws of a particular theory are used in the analysis of observations. This application of group theory involves introducing a group of transformations of the physical system upon which the observations were made. This group of transformations leaves invariant the entities of the theory corresponding to the observations made but transforms the entities that were not observed from what they are presumed to be in this theory into what they are not, called possibilities for what they are. This group of transformations is called the possibilities-generating group for the entities for which the observations are being reduced. Since possibilities for entities of theories so obtained are functionals of a known group of transformations, the subsequent use of these possibilities in the theories must be made consistent with the theory of representations of groups. There is a well-known invariant associated with functionals of group elements which is invariant with respect to the …

Recently Robertson suggested that a collective focusing scheme might be useful in the final focusing problem for Heavy Ion Fusion. He demonstrates that it is possible to focus a charge and current neutralized beam, and shows this scheme is applicable since HIF scenarios have current requirements smaller than the electron Alfven current. In this note ion emittance is included in the analysis of such lenses. It is found that one can focus an acceptable fraction of the beam, provided the current density is large enough.

High voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission continues to be an emerging technology nearly thirty years after its introduction into modern power systems. To date its use has been restricted to either specialized applications having identifiable economic advantages (e.g., breakeven distance) or, rarely, applications where decoupling is needed. Only recently have the operational advantages (e.g., power modulation) of HVDC been realized on operating systems. A research project whose objective was to identify hardware developments and, where appropriate, system applications which can exemplify cost and operational advantages of integrated ac/dc power systems is discussed. The three principal tasks undertaken were: assessment of equipment developments; quantification of operational advantages; and interaction with system planners. Interest in HVDC power transmission has increased markedly over the past several years, and many new systems are now being investigated. The dissemination of information about HVDC, including specifically the symposium undertaken for Task 3, is a critical factor in fostering an understanding of this important adjunct to ac power transmission.

Auxiliary heating experiments are continuing on both PLT and PDX. PLT has increased the available ICRF power delivered to the plasma to 3 MW for the 42 MHz system and to 1.6 MW for the 25 MHz system. Deuteron and electron heating are observed in the minority /sup 3/He (T/sub d/ approx. 2.8 keV, T/sub e/ approx. 2.2 keV) and H (T/sub d/ approx. 2 keV, T/sub e/ approx. 2.5 keV) heating regimes. In addition, ion heating has been observed in the second harmonic regime (T/sub eff/ = 2/3 <E/sub h/> = 3.3 keV).

From purpose and scope: The purpose of the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) program of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is to identify and delineate areas and environments within the Aztec 10X20 Quadrangle, New Mexico and Colorado, that exhibit characteristics favorable for the occurrence of uranium deposits that have the potential to contain at least 100 metric tons U3 08 total endowment with a minimum grade of 100 ppm (0.01 percent) U3 08 . Evaluation is based on geochemical, mineralogic, hydrologic, aerial radiometric, sedimentologic, and general geologic characteristics of the formations in the quadrangle.

This Basic Data Report for the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF)--Sludge Plant was prepared to supplement the Technical Data Summary. Jointly, the two reports were intended to form the basis for the design and construction of the DWPF. To the extent that conflicting information may appear, the Basic Data Report takes precedence over the Technical Data Summary. It describes project objectives and design requirements. Pertinent data on the geology, hydrology, and climate of the site are included. Functions and requirements of the major structures are described to provide guidance in the design of the facilities. Revision 9 of the Basic Data Report was prepared to eliminate inconsistencies between the Technical Data Summary, Basic Data Report and Scopes of Work which were used to prepare the September, 1982 updated CAB. Concurrently, pertinent data (material balance, curie balance, etc.) have also been placed in the Basic Data Report. It is intended that these balances be used as a basis for the continuing design of the DWPF even though minor revisions may be made in these balances in future revisions to the Technical Data Summary.

Abstract: As a first step in the development of a beam-profile measuring instrument for laser sources that is capable of determining the distribution of low-order (less than 25) Hermitian modes in a series of laser pulses, I designed and evaluated the three key parts of such an instrument. First, there is the telescope system which allows the incident laser beam to be phase, beamwidth, and beam center matched to the optical spatial filter. Second, there is a brief error analysis of the structure of the mismatch function between the beam out of the telescope and that expected by the filter. Finally, there is the detailed analysis and design of the computer-generated spatial filter that will cause the incident-laser beam to be cross correlated with the low-order Hermite modes and will create an array of light spots in the detector (Fourier transform) plane each of which can be uniquely related to a particular Hermite mode of the original laser pulse. The principal conclusion is that the Hermite mode analysis can be done with better than 99 percent separation between modes, provided the phase between modes is uncorrelated from pulse to pulse when the filter has been fabricated with a two-level, gray-scale …

This investigation was a continuing study of peripheral (punching) shear strength of precracked, biaxially tensioned, orthogonally reinforced concrete slabs. This research was motivated by the need to determie the strength of a reinforced concrete containment vessel wall when subjected to combined internal pressure and punching shear loads normal to the wall. The study served to determine the effect of three major variables (shear span, size of loaded area, and reinforcing steel ratio) on punching shear strength of slabs that were precracked in biaxial tension and then held at one of the two tension levels (0 or 0.8f/sub y/) during shear load application.

Based in large part of the lack of specific information about the nature and magnitude of health impacts that could occur from commercialization of a coal liquefaction industry, DOE initiated a broad-based program to study the potential health and environmental fate and effects of process streams from several coal liquefaction process options. Responsibility for this research was assigned to OHER. Specific results of this research program that are important for the purpose of this analysis include findings that: the toxicity and teratogenic potential of coal liquids boiling below 450/sup 0/F is small; mutagenic and carcinogenic activity is typically expressed in coal liquids boiling above 750/sup 0/F; and mutagenic and carcinogenic activity increases markedly in coal liquids boiling above 800/sup 0/F. Based on the above findings, OHER funded research to evaluate the effect of various hydrotreatment levels on the biological activity of coal-derived liquids. Studies using the Ames assay or mammalian cell transformation assays indicated that hydrotreatment was effective in reducing biological activity of coal-derived liquids. Skin-painting studies demonstrated that carcinogenicity was also reduced by hydrotreatment. Studies in progress are evaluating the effects of hydrotreatment severity on biological activity. However, it appears reasonably clear that health risks can be reduced by …

Ebasco conducted the technical and economic portion of this study to determine the feasibility of constructing a district heating system with a geothermal energy source for the town of Berlin, Maryland. The Berlin District Heating Assessment Work Group (DHAWG) provided the information on the energy needs of all potential users. Previous work was used to estimate the potential geothermal energy available beneath the town. A computer program, GRITS, developed by JHU was also used to evaluate various district heating systems that would satisfy the town's needs. It is concluded that a district heating system is technically and economically feasible based on the criteria and data used in this study.

The Bridgeport Geothermal Project, a proposed community heating district, appears to be feasible. Analysis of the feasibility of the Bridgeport Geothermal Project required three critical assumptions: a successful supply well, a commercially viable wellhead generator, and successfully obtaining simultaneous financing from private investors, a commercial lendor and a granting agency. The geothermal supply well for the Bridgeport Project will be sited near Travertine Hot Springs about 1 1/2 miles southeast of town. The well should yield 1000 gallons per minute at 205/sup 0/F to 240/sup 0/F. The hot brine will be piped (1) to a primary heat exchanger for the heating district which will distribute heat to public and commercial buildings via a fresh water loop, and (2) to an organic Rankine boiler to drive a 500 kW (gross) generator. The institutional structure for the project is well established. The capital cost of the installed project will be about $4.1 million to be raised through equity, commercial debt and grant funding. The system revenues are projected to result in a positive cash flow in the eighth year of operation, and over a 20 year payout are projected to yield an internal rate of return (IRR) of 23/sup +/% to the …

Summarized hourly meteorological data for 16 of the original 17 candidate and wind turbine generator sites collected during the period from December 1976 through December 1981 are presented. The data collection program at some individual sites may not span this entire period, but will be contained within the reporting period. The purpose of providing the summarized data is to document the data collection program and provide data that could be considered representative of long-term meteorological conditions at each site. For each site, data are given in eight tables and a topographic map showing the location of the meteorological tower and turbine, if applicable. Use of information from these tables, along with information about specific wind turbines, should allow the user to estimate the potential for long-term average wind energy production at each site.

Currently available portable instrumentation for hemispherical and specular reflectance measurements of solar mirror materials is discussed. Particular attention is given to the wavelength dependence of the measurement spectrum, which in most cases does not approximate a solar spectral distribution, and to other limitations of each instrument. Because a portable instrument is not available that can determine the solar averaged specular reflectance from a single measurement, two procedures are recommended for obtaining a reasonable estimate for this quantity using the existing portable equipment. Finally, future developments in this area are briefly discussed.

A climate analysis procedure for selecting climate locations which would represent the variation in climate conditions throughout the United States is documented. Separate energy analysis projects for three building categories were to use the results of the climate location project. The categories are: commercial buildings (including multifamily residences), single family residences, and mobile homes. The overall objectives, approach, and method used for all three categories are presented, then the specific application of the general method to each building category is discussed. Climate selection results, conclusions, recommendations, and limits for each building category are presented within the description of the application of the method for that category. (LEW)

The steam plant located at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory was converted from oil- to coal-fired boilers. In the process, a diked, 1.6-ha coal storage yard was constructed. The purpose of this report is to describe the treatment system designed to neutralize the estimated 18,000 m/sup 3/ of acidic runoff that will be produced each year. A literature review and laboratory treatability study were conducted which identified two treatment systems that will be employed to neutralize the acidic runoff. The first, a manually operated system, will be constructed at a cost of $200,000 and will operate for an interim period of four years. This system will provide for leachate neutralization until a more automated system can be brought on-line. The second, a fully automated system, is described and will be constructed at an estimated cost of $650,000. This automated runoff treatment system will ensure that drainage from the storage yard meets current National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Standards for pH and total suspended solids, as well as future standards, which are likely to include several metals along with selected trace elements.