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Managing for success: developing and exploiting international opportunities in geothermal energy
This study is designed to assist the Division of Geothermal Energy (DGE) in deciding what kind of strategy it wants and needs in order to make its international effort as cost-effective and appropriate as possible. The purpose of this study is to construct a logic base on which DGE can, in turn, establish its own strategy for international cooperation, and can begin to plan for necessary organization, procedural and policy reforms. This report will constitute a set of decision guidelines for DGE to consider in determining the nature of future strategy-related reforms. Each chapter asks, and then answers, the question on which it is centered as follows: (1) what are the deficiencies in DGE's current approach; (2) what should an international strategy for DGE ensure; (3) how can an international strategy for DGE be manifested; (4) which strategic model presents the best opportunity now; and (5) how can the recommended alternative be achieved.
Date:
July 1, 1981
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) in the TMX-Upgrade tandem-mirror experiment
Results are described of engineering tests of operation of two gyrotrons from one power supply, tests of waveguide components and antennae, antenna design, and the x-ray shielding concept. Finally, we describe considerations of interaction with other system components.
Date:
October 1, 1981
Creator:
Griffin, D.H.; Rubert, R.R.; Simonen, T.C.; Stallard, B.W. & Wieskamp, T.F.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Nuclear waste-form risk assessment for US Defense waste at Savannah River Plant. Annual report FY 1981
Savannah River Plant has been supporting the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in its present effort to perform risk assessments of alternative waste forms for defense waste. This effort relates to choosing a suitable combination of solid form and geologic medium on the basis of risk of exposure to future generations; therefore, the focus is on post-closure considerations of deep geologic repositories. The waste forms being investigated include borosilicate glass, SYNROC, and others. Geologic media under consideration are bedded salt, basalt, and tuff. The results of our work during FY 1981 are presented in this, our second annual report. The two complementary tasks that comprise our program, analysis of waste-form dissolution and risk assessment, are described.
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Cheung, H.; Edwards, L. L.; Harvey, T. F.; Jackson, D. D. & Revelli, M. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Accomplishments of the Small-Hydro Outreach Program. Final report
In September 1980, the Small-Hydro Outreach Program was established by the US Department of Energy and the California Department of Water Resources to promote and encourage the development of small hydroelectric power projects as a renewable energy resource in California. Projects at existing hydraulic structures were particularly emphasized since they have less potential for adverse effect on the environment. Before the outreach program was established, the task force had compiled a list of potential hydro facilities at existing hydraulic structures. The efforts of the outreach program were first aimed at informing the owners of the potential and development procedures for their sites. When the small hydro rush snowballed in the Spring of 1981, numerous requests for information on small hydro development on free flowing streams where no diversions or hydraulic structures existed were received. The outreach program was modified at that time to consider small hydro projects at both undeveloped and developed sites. The main accomplishments of the outreach program have been the publication of Small-Scale Hydro News, conducting a Small-Scale Hydro Workshop and the distribution of bulletins, reports, and pamphlets to reach over 3000 persons interested in small hydro development.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Pu-238 fuel form activities, January 1-31, 1981
This monthly report for /sup 238/Pu Fuel Form Activities has two main sections: SRP-PuFF facility and SRL Fuel Form Activities. The program status, budget information, and milestone schedules are discussed in each main section. The Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) for this program is shown. Only one monthly report per year is processed for EDB.
Date:
February 1, 1981
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Health and environmental effects of refuse derived fuel (RDF) production and RDF/coal co-firing technologies
Six facilities, representing the scope of different co-firing techniques with their associated RDF production systems were reviewed in detail for combustion equipment, firing modes, emission control systems, residue handling/disposal, and effluent wastewater treatment. These facilities encompass all currently operational or soon to be operational co-firing plants and associated RDF production systems. Occupational health and safety risks for these plants were evaluated on the basis of fatal and nonfatal accidents and disease arising from the respective fuel cycles, coal and RDF. Occupational risks include exposure to pathogenic organisms in the workplace. Unusual events that are life threatening in the RDF processing industry (e.g., explosions) are also discussed and remedial and safety measures reviewed. 80 refs., 4 figs., 30 tabs.
Date:
October 1, 1981
Creator:
O'Toole, J. J.; Wessels, T. E.; Lynch, J. F.; Fassel, V. A.; Lembke, L. L.; Kniseley, R. N. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
50th Anniversary, 1931-1981: symposium and banquet speeches
The proceedings includes talks given at the symposium and the banquet. They include examples of technology at the laboratory and speculation on the future at the laboratory. (GHT)
Date:
October 3, 1981
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Understanding radioactive waste
This document contains information on all aspects of radioactive wastes. Facts are presented about radioactive wastes simply, clearly and in an unbiased manner which makes the information readily accessible to the interested public. The contents are as follows: questions and concerns about wastes; atoms and chemistry; radioactivity; kinds of radiation; biological effects of radiation; radiation standards and protection; fission and fission products; the Manhattan Project; defense and development; uses of isotopes and radiation; classification of wastes; spent fuels from nuclear reactors; storage of spent fuel; reprocessing, recycling, and resources; uranium mill tailings; low-level wastes; transportation; methods of handling high-level nuclear wastes; project salt vault; multiple barrier approach; research on waste isolation; legal requiremnts; the national waste management program; societal aspects of radioactive wastes; perspectives; glossary; appendix A (scientific American articles); appendix B (reference material on wastes). (ATT)
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Murray, R.L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
New liquid scintillators for fiber-optic applications
New long-wavelength-emitting, high-speed, liquid scintillators have been developed and tailored specifically for plasma diagnostic experiments employing fiber optics. These scintillators offer significant advantages over commercially available plastic scintillators in terms of sensitivity and bandwidth. FWHM response times as fast as 350 ps have been measured. Emission spectra, time response data, and relative sensitivity information are presented.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Lutz, S. S.; Franks, L. A.; Flournoy, J. M. & Lyons, P. B.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Method and apparatus for injecting a substance into the bloodstream of a subject
An apparatus and method for injecting a substance, such as a radiopharmaceutical, into the bloodstream of a subject is described. The apparatus comprises an injection means, such as a servo controlled syringe, a means for measuring the concentration of that substance in the subject's bloodstream, and means for controlling the injection in response to the measurement so that the concentration of the substance follows a predetermined function of time. The apparatus of the subject invention functions to inject a substance into a subject's bloodstream at a rate controlled by an error signal proportional to the difference between the concentration of the substance in the subject's bloodstream and the predetermined function.
Date:
May 29, 1981
Creator:
Lambrecht, R. M.; Bennett, G. W.; Duncan, C. C. & Ducote, L. W.
Object Type:
Patent
System:
The UNT Digital Library
System component compatibility and R-114 stability. Volume II. Final report
High temperature stability-compatibility studies of R-114 refrigerant and proposed Sperry Geothermal System components were performed. The R-114 refrigerant, geothermal brine, and ten lubricants were tested in the presence of five metals, eight metal alloys, two ceramics, two iron oxides, and twenty-two elastomers in several combinations, temperature levels, and durations. Compatibility experiments of elastomers and non-elastomeric sealants in aqueous solutions and lubricating oils were performed. The development of the downwell packer necessitated the completion of an elastomer formulation development program. The system component material selection and specifications for the pump system are given. The seal material selection for the stand-alone turbine-pump-unit is presented in detail.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Goodson, J. E., Jr.; Nowicki, D. F.; Thibeau, R. J.; Toekes, B. & Wilson, D. P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Preliminary plan for the development of geothermal energy in the town of Gabbs, Nevada
Characteristics of the site significant to the prospect for geothermal development are described, including: physiography, demography, economy, and the goals and objectives of the citizens as they relate to geothermal development. The geothermal resource evaluation is described, including the depth to reservoir, production rates of existing water wells, water quality, and the resource temperature. Uses of the energy that seem appropriate to the situation both now and in the foreseeable future at Gabbs are described. The essential institutional requirements for geothermal energy development are discussed, including the financial, environmental, legal, and regulatory requirements. The main resource, engineering and institutional considerations involved in a geothermal district heating system for Gabbs are summarized.
Date:
November 9, 1981
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Preliminary plan for the development of geothermal energy in the town of Hawthorne, Nevada
Site characteristics pertinent to the geothermal development are described, including: physiography, demography, economy, and goals and objectives of the citizens as they relate to geothermal development. The geothermal reservoir is characterized on the basis of available information. The probable drilling depth to the reservoir, anticipated water production rates, water quality, and resource temperature are indicated. Uses of the energy that seem appropriate to the situation both now and in the near future at Hawthorne are described. The essential institutional requirements for geothermal energy development are discussed, including the financial, environmental, and legal and regulatory aspects. The various steps that are necessary to accomplish the construction of the geothermal district heating system are described.
Date:
November 4, 1981
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Investigation of stainless steel clad fuel rod failures and fuel performance in the Connecticut Yankee Reactor. Final report
Significant levels of fuel rod failures were observed in the batch 8 fuel assemblies of the Connecticut Yankee reactor. Failure of 304 stainless steel cladding in a PWR environment was not expected. Therefore a detailed poolside and hot cell examination program was conducted to determine the cause of failure and identify differences between batch 8 fuel and previous batches which had operated without failures. Hot cell work conducted consisted of detailed nondestructive and destructive examination of fuel rods from batches 7 and 8. The results indicate that the batch 8 failure mechanism was stress corrosion cracking initiating on the clad outer surface. The sources of cladding stresses are believed to be (a) fuel pellet chips wedged in the cladding gap, (b) swelling of highly nondensifying batch 8 fuel and (c) potentially harmful effects of a power change event that occurred near the end of the second cycle of irradiation for batch 8.
Date:
November 1, 1981
Creator:
Pasupathi, V. & Klingensmith, R. W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry
There has been recently a revival of interest in supersymmetric gauge theories, stimulated by the hope that supersymmetry might help in clarifying some of the questions which remain unanswered in the so called Grand Unified Theories and in particular the gauge hierarchy problem. In a Grand Unified Theory one has two widely different mass scales: the unification mass M approx. = 10/sup 15/GeV at which the unification group (e.g. SU(5)) breaks down to SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1) and the mass ..mu.. approx. = 100 GeV at which SU(2) x U(1) is broken down to the U(1) of electromagnetism. There is at present no theoretical understanding of the extreme smallness of the ratio ..mu../M of these two numbers. This is the gauge hierarchy problem. This lecture attempts to review the various mechanisms for spontaneous supersymmetry breaking in gauge theories. Most of the discussions are concerned with the tree approximation, but what is presently known about radiative correction is also reviewed.
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Zumino, B.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Precision programmable bipolar V/f instrumentation module
A precision bipolar voltage-to-frequency converter, which is computer-programmable from a digital interface, has been produced. Utilizing NIM packaging, the 1 MHz V/f has sixteen ranges and may be operated from panel controls as well as remotely programmed. Intended for use in magnetic measurements, good performance and versatility suggest wider application. The instrument is described and the circuit design is discussed in detail. Tests of the first unit are discussed and instrument specifications are given.
Date:
October 1, 1981
Creator:
Hearn, W. E.; Green, M. I.; Nelson, D. H. & Rondeau, D. J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Investigation of mechanically hard, chemically inert antireflection coatings for photovoltaic solar modules. Final technical report, April 1, 1980-March 31, 1981
The overall objective of this program is to determine the optical properties of i-Carbon (diamond-like) films and determine if these films can be developed into antireflecting (AR) coatings for silicon solar cells. The i-C films have been produced on glass, silicon, and KCl by radio frequency (RF) plasma decomposition of the alkane gases. Films were also produced on silicon solar cells by low-energy ion beam techniques. These coatings did not perform as well as those made from hydrocarbon gases. Significant progress has been made in understanding the deposition parameters that affect the optical properties of the films. The optical constants n and k have been determined over a large range of process parameters and source gas. The degree of hydrogen incorporation in these films has been studied by SIMS analysis. It was found that the lower optically absorbing films contain more hydrogen. This hydrogen does not, however, manifest itself in fundamental C-H absorption bands in the infrared. Very efficient single-layer quarter-wave i-C AR coatings have been produced on single-crystal and SOC Si solar cells. An increase in cell efficiency of 40% over uncoated cells has been achieved.
Date:
March 31, 1981
Creator:
Moravec, T.J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Effect of nitrogen fertilizer and nodulation on lime-induced chlorosis in soybeans
Previous studies have indicated that addition of nitrogen to Fe-inefficient PI54619-5-1 soybeans, when grown in calcareous Hacienda loam soil, intensified iron chlorosis. It was reasoned that when large amounts of nitrate were taken up, more hydroxyl ions were expelled by roots with resultant less availability of soil Fe. It was further reasoned that if N were fixed symbiotically, cation (K, Ca, Mg) uptake would considerably exceed anion (H/sub 2/PO/sup -//sub 4/, Cl/sup -/) uptake with no need for uptake of NO/sub 3//sup -/ with resultant increase in protons excreted. Iron availability then would be increased and there would be less Fe deficiency. An experiment was conducted with and without innoculation with the PI54619-5-1 soybeans in the calcareous soil to test the ability of nodules to prevent Fe chlorosis. The only plants in the experiment with nodules were those with innoculum added and these plants were most free of Fe chlorosis. Iron analyses indicated that the hypothesis may be correct. It can be concluded that cation-anion uptake balance has much to do with the onset of lime-induced chlorosis. The relative uptake of NH/sub 4//sup +/ and NO/sub 3//sup -/ species of nitrogen can be important considerations in the cation-anion balance.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Wallace, A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Digital neutron radiography using plane converters with multiwire proportional chambers
The work described here was completed more than three years ago, and represents, in large part the PhD and MS thesis research of two of the present authors. Much of it has been reported previously elsewhere. It constitutes an effort to develop and study a moderately low cost, moderate resolution, high sensitivity, on-line method for digital neutron radiography, intended for use where neutron fluence was limited by source strength, or received dose. The basic imaging system consisted of a position-sensitive gas proportional chamber together with its associated imaging electronics, and a plane neutron converter. Enriched-boron, gadolinium, and polyethylene (for fast neutrons) converters were analyzed and tested. Some work was done on digital data enhancement, and efforts to improve spatial resolution included pressurizing the proportional-chamber gas to reduce the track lengths of the neutron-interaction products.
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Kaplan, S. N.; Director, B. A.; Perez-Mendez, V. & Valentine, K. H.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
PICLE: a 2-D code for laser-beam - gas-jet interaction studies
A heat transport hydrodynamic PIC code was adapted for application to the KMSF gas-jet experiments. The input material density profile was changed from the original solid slab geometry to a cylindrically symmetric profile modeling the gas-jet plume. The target material was changed from the original Z = 1 to arbitrary Z. Energy deposition was modified to include inverse bremsstrahlung and resonance absorption. Preliminary results indicate electron thermal conduction dominates over mass flow for times up to about the laser pulse length. Electron thermal conduction is seen to vary between classical and flux-limited values spatially and temporally according to plasma conditions. Applications of this code, entitled PICLE (Particle-In-Cell Laser Equipment code), to absorption and flux-limit parameter studies are described. A source listing and sample input deck are included.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Dunning, M.J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Age and location of volcanic centers less than or equal to 3. 0 m. y. old in Arizona, New Mexico, and the Trans-Peco area of West Texas
This map is one of a series of maps designed for hot dry rock geothermal assessment in Arizona, New Mexico, and the Trans-Peco area of the west Texas. The 3.0 m.y. cutoff age was selected because original heat has probably largely dissipated in older rocks. The location of volcanic centers is more important to geothermal resource assessment than the location of their associated volcanic rocks; however, ages have been determined for numerous flows far from their source. Therefore, the distribution of all volcanic rocks less than or equal to 3.0 m.y. old, for which there is at least one determined age, are shown. Location of the volcanic vents and rocks were taken from Luedke and Smith (1978). Ages were obtained from the original literature in all cases except for McKee and others (1974), Silberman and others (1976), Ulrich and McKee (1976), and Wolfe and McKee (1976). The abstract by McKee and others (1974) lists only the ages of various rocks they dated, so locations were taken from Luedke and Smith (1978). The dates of Silberman and others (1976), Ulrich and McKee (1976), and Wolfe and McKee (1976) are taken from written communications cited by Luedke and Smith (1978); therefore, both …
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Aldrich, M.J. & Laughlin, A.W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Occidental Geothermal, Inc. , Oxy geothermal power plant No. 1. Final environmental impact report
The project-specific environmental analysis covers the following: geology, soils, water resources, biology, air quality, noise, waste management, health, safety, transportation, energy and material resources, cultural resources, socioeconomics, public services, land use, and aesthetics. Other topics covered are: the cumulative envionmental analysis; unavoidable significant adverse environmental effects; irreversible environmental changes and irretrievable commitments of energy and materials; the relationship between local short-term uses of man's environment and the maintenance and enhancement of long-term productivity; growth-inducing impacts; and alternatives to the proposed action. (MHR)
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
500-kW DCHX pilot-plant evaluation testing
Field tests with the 500 kW Direct Contact Pilot Plant were conducted utilizing brine from well Mesa 6-2. The tests were intended to develop comprehensive performance data, design criteria, and economic factors for the direct contact power plant. The tests were conducted in two phases. The first test phase was to determine specific component performance of the DCHX, turbine, condensers and pumps, and to evaluate chemical mass balances of non-condensible gases in the IC/sub 4/ loop and IC/sub 4/ in the brine stream. The second test phase was to provide a longer term run at nearly fixed operating conditions in order to evaluate plant performance and identify operating cost data for the pilot plant. During these tests the total accumulated run time on major system components exceeded 1180 hours with 777 hours on the turbine prime mover. Direct contact heat exchanger performance exceeded the design prediction.
Date:
October 1, 1981
Creator:
Hlinak, A.; Lee, T.; Loback, J.; Nichols, K.; Olander, R.; Oshmyansky, S. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Salinity variations and chemical compositions of waters in the Frio Formation, Texas Gulf Coast. Annual report
Waters produced from sandstone reservoirs of the deep Frio Formation exhibit spatial variations in chemical composition that roughly coincide with the major tectonic elements (Houston and Rio Grande Embayments, San Marcos Arch) and corresponding depositional systems (Houston and Norias deltas, Greta-Carancahua barrier/strandplain system) that were respectively active along the upper, lower, and middle Texas Coast during Frio deposition. Within an area, salinities are usually depth dependent, and primary trends closely correspond to pore pressure gradients and thermal gradients. Where data are available (mainly in Brazoria County) the increases in TDS and calcium with depth coincide with the zone of albitization, smectite-illite transition, and calcite decrease in shales. Waters have fairly uniform salinities when produced from the same sandstone reservoir within a fault block or adjacent fault blocks with minor displacement. In contrast, stratigraphically equivalent sandstones separated by faults with large displacement usually yield waters with substantially different salinities owing to the markedly different thermal and pressure gradients across the faults that act as barriers to fluid movement.
Date:
November 1, 1981
Creator:
Morton, R. A.; Garrett Jr., C. M.; Posey, J. S.; Han, J. H. & Jirik, L. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library