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Guidance manual for the input of biological information to water-intake-structure design
This manual is intended to provide guidance to the biologist who is asked to provide biological input during the construction or subsequent alteration of a water intake structure. Examples of the types of biological information that might be included in intake design are presented. Procedures for quantifying biological information and defining specific tasks that will generate quantifiable data are discussed. Procedures described apply both to new and modified water intake structures.
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Neitzel, D. A.; Simmons, M. A. & McKenzie, D. H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Probability based load criteria for the design of nuclear structures: a critical review of the state-of-the-art
Structures for nuclear power plant facilities must be designed to withstand safely and effectively all kinds of loads and load combinations that may be expected to occur during their lifetime. The traditional methods of structural design attempt to account for the inevitable variability in the loads, material strengths, in-service environments, and fabrication process, etc., through the use of safety factor, allowable stresses or load and resistance factors. These approaches may result in an unknown and nonuniform reliability because of the subjective manner in which the safety factors have been determined. The stochastic nature loads and the uncertainties in material properties dictate a probabilistic approach for a rational assessment of structural safety and performance. This report presents: an in-depth review of the state-of-the-art pertaining to probability-based analysis and design of civil engineering structures; basis for extending existing probability-based methods to seismic category I nuclear structures; and the availability of the pertinent data required to perform probabilistic analysis for seismic category I nuclear structures.
Date:
April 1, 1981
Creator:
Shinozuka, M.; Ellingwood, B.R.; Wang, P.C.; Meyer, C.; Wen, Y.K.; Kao, S. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Review of induction LINACS
There has been a recent upsurge of activity in the field of induction linacs, with several new machines becoming operational and others in the design stages. The performance levels of electron machines have reached 10's of kiloamps of current and will soon reach 10's of MeV's of energy. Acceleration of ion current has been demonstrated, and the study of a 10 GeV heavy ion induction linac for ICF continues. The operating principles of induction linacs are reviewed with the emphasis on design choices which are important for increasing the maximum beam currents.
Date:
October 1, 1981
Creator:
Faltens, A. & Keefe, D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development of a high-density energy-storage capacitor for Nova
This paper covers Maxwell's approach to developing energy storage capacitors. Based on previous capacitor designs of 3 KJ, 5 KJ and 10 KJ, the final Nova 12.5 KJ capacitor evolved. At the outset of the Nova capacitor development program, a relatively new dielectric system, polypropylene-paper-DOP, seemed to show superiority in volumetric efficiency, life, and more importantly cost. However, as a result of studies performed at Maxwell, a high-density, energy-storage capacitor was developed utilizing new high-quality, high-density paper and caster oil as the dielectric. Test data have demonstrated that the Maxwell 12.5 KJ capacitor exceeds all LLNL's qualification requirements.
Date:
October 22, 1981
Creator:
Haskell, D. K.; Cooper, R. A.; Sevigny, J. A.; Merritt, B. T.; Carder, B. M. & Whitham, K.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Neutron-detection apparatus
An atomic fission counting apparatus used for neutron detection is provided with spirally curved electrode plates uniformly spaced apart in a circular array and coated with fissile material.
Date:
April 24, 1981
Creator:
Kopp, M.K. & Valentine, K.H.
Object Type:
Patent
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Principal facts for gravity stations of the Broadwater geothermal area, Montana
Two complete Bouguer anomaly values were calculated for each of the 67 stations assuming average rock densities of 2.67 g/cm/sup 3/ and 2.45 g/cm/sup 3/. The corrections and anomaly values are listed. A hand contoured Bouguer gravity map is included.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Bankey, V.; Paton, J. & Kleinkopf, M. D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Method of forming metallic coatings on polymeric substrates and of forming graded polymeric coatings or films
The invention described herein relates to methods of forming graded polymeric coatings or films on a desired substrate and of forming metallic coatings on polymeric or other nonmetallic substrates. In particular, it relates to methods of forming such coatings or films by sorption and/or diffusion of metals into coatings or films of polymeric material deposited by conventional techniques on a desired substrate.
Date:
March 11, 1981
Creator:
Liepins, R.
Object Type:
Patent
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Eastern Gas Shales Program. Completion and stimulation of five New York State Energy Research and Development Authority Wells Allegany and Cattaraugus Counties, New York
In order to evaluate the potential of the Devonian Shales as a source of natural gas, DOE/METC in Morgantown, West Virginia, has undertaken the Eastern Gas Shale Program (EGSP); not only to characterize and identify the resource, but also to enhance and improve the productivity of wells completed in the shale. One of the methods used to achieve improved productivity is hydraulic fracturing and, more specifically, foam fracturing. The efforts by DOE/METC included completion and stimulation of five New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) wells; located in western Allegany County and southwestern Cattaraugus County, New York. The five wells were drilled on high shcool and college properties during the months of June and July 1981. DOE/METC's contribution to the program funded the stimulation and completion of the wells. This work was done under the engineering and field supervision of Gruy Federal, Inc. as contractor to DOE. The completion work took place in the months of July and August 1981. This consisted of running a cement bond log in each well. All logs showed good bonding. This was followed by perforating the Marcellus Shale through the 4-1/2-inch casing. During the next phase, the formation was broken down with …
Date:
November 1, 1981
Creator:
Rdissi, A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Material Considerations in the Design of a Bulk Shield for the Fusion Engineering Device
The FED bulk shield provides protection from high-energy neutrons and gamma rays and removes nuclear heat generated. Bulk shield optimization calculations were conducted using the Los Alamos ONEDANT discrete ordinates and the General Atomic PATH point kernel codes. Six candidate steel alloys were considered.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Kirchner, J. & Engholm, B. A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Liquid scintillators for optical-fiber applications
A multicomponent liquid scintillator solution for use as a radiation-to-light converter in conjunction with a fiber optic transmission system. The scintillator includes a quantity of 1, 2, 4, 5, 3H, 6H, 1 OH, tetrahydro-8-trifluoromethyl (1) benzopyrano (9, 9a, 1-gh) quinolizin-10-one (Coumarin) as a solute in a fluor solvent such as benzyl alcohol or pseudo-cumene. The use of BIBUQ as an additional or primary solute is also disclosed.
Date:
June 1, 1981
Creator:
Franks, L. A. & Lutz, S. S.
Object Type:
Patent
System:
The UNT Digital Library
System for producing a uniform rubble bed for in-situ processes
A method and a cutter are disclosed for producing a large cavity filled with a uniform bed of rubblized oil shale or other material, for in-situ processing. A raise drill head has a hollow body with a generally circular base and sloping upper surface. A hollow shaft extends from the hollow body. Cutter teeth are mounted on the upper surface of the body and relatively small holes are formed in the body between the cutter teeth. Relatively large peripheral flutes around the body allow material to drop below the drill head. A pilot hole is drilled into the oil shale deposit. The pilot hole is reamed into a large diameter hole by means of a large diameter raise drill head or cutter to produce a cavity filled with rubble. A flushing fluid, such as air, is circulated through the pilot hole during the reaming operation to remove fines through the raise drill, thereby removing sufficient material to create sufficient void space, and allowing the larger particles to fill the cavity and provide a uniform bed of rubblized oil shale.
Date:
April 10, 1981
Creator:
Galloway, Terry R.
Object Type:
Patent
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Vacuum system problems of EBT: a steady-state fusion experiment
Many of the vacuum problems faced by EBT will soon be shared by other plasma devices as high-power microwave systems and long pulse lengths become more common. The solutions used on EBT (such as the raised lip with elastomer seal) are not unique; however, experience has shown that microwave-compatible designs must be carefully thought out. All details of the vacuum must be carefully thought out. All details of the vacuum must be carefully screened in advance to insure that microwaves do not leak into pumps or diagnostics where they can cause major damage. Sputter coating, which even now is noticeably present in most pulsed plasma systems, becomes much worse as systems approach steady state. And finally, radiation degradation of components which is presently a minor problem will become significant on high-power microwave-fed devices, such as EBT-P.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Livesey, R.L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of standards for energy-efficient motors
This analysis does not lead to a clear conclusion regarding the effectiveness of standards for energy efficient motors if effectiveness is based on a benefit-cost ratio criteria. Two alternative assumptions were made regarding the appropriate measure of the costs to the private sector. In the first case it was assumed that private sector users have no biases and expect rates of return on investment that represent their true opportunity cost of capital. Under this assumption the benefit-cost ratio is .65, that is, for every dollar of cost incurred, the associated benefit is 65 cents. The alternative assumption is tha the private sector under values energy conservation investments. Under this assumption, the benfit-cost ratio of the standards program was 1.35. For every dollar spent, $1.35 is returned to society, because the standards force private sector users to correct their biases and therefore allocate capital more productively.
Date:
March 1, 1981
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Hyper filter-fluorescer spectrometer for x rays above 120 keV
An apparatus utilizing filter-fluorescer combinations is provided to measure short bursts of high fluence x-rays above 120 keV energy, where there are no practical absorption edges available for conventional filter-fluorescer techniques. The absorption edge of the prefilter is chosen to be less than that of the fluorescer, i.e., E/sub PRF/ < E/sub F/, contrary to the prior art technique E/sub PRF/ > E/sub F/. In this way, the response function is virtually zero between E/sub PRF/ and E/sub F/ and well defined and enhanced in an energy band of less than 1000 keV above the 120 keV energy.
Date:
July 7, 1981
Creator:
Wang, C. L.
Object Type:
Patent
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Shallow hydrothermal regime of the East Brawley and Glamis known geothermal resource areas, Salton Trough, California
Thermal gradients and thermal conductivities were obtained in real time using an in situ heat-flow technique in 15 shallow (90 to 150 m) wells drilled between Brawley and Glamis in the Imperial Valley, Southern California. The in situ measurements were supplemented by follow-up conventional temperature logs in seven of the wells and by laboratory measurements of thermal conductivity on drill cuttings. The deltaic sedimentary material comprising the upper approx. 100 m of the Salton Trough generally is poorly sorted and high in quartz resulting in quite high thermal conductivities (averaging 2.0 Wm/sup -1/ K/sup -1/ as opposed to 1.2 to 1.7 for typical alluvium). A broad heat-flow anomaly with maximum of about 200 mWm/sup -2/ (approx. 5 HFU) is centered between Glamis and East Brawley and is superimposed on a regional heat-flow high in excess of 100 mWm/sup -2/ (> 2.5 HFU). The heat-flow high corresponds with a gravity maximum and partially with a minimum in electrical resistivity, suggesting the presence of a hydrothermal system at depth in this area.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Mase, C. W.; Sass, J. H.; Brook, C. A. & Munroe, R. J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Bond-Strength Studies for 1-Mil-Diameter Gold Wires Bonded to Hybrid Microcircuit Substrates
Detailed studies of the failure probability for gold wires bonded to multiplexer substrates under severe acceleration in the W79 artillery shell environments were made. The studies included: the calculated resultant pull forces exerted on the bond joints due to the W79 acceleration environments; the suitability of the loop-hook pull tests and the use of the normal Gaussian distribution theory for statistical description of bond strengths; and the probability of failure for gold wires bonded to multiplexer substrates under artillery shell accelerations using fixed angle pull tests and a Weilbull distribution theory for the statistical description. Preliminary statistical analyses of the bond strength data obtained from the conventional loop-hook pull tests for a multiplexer substrate HMC, have shown that the ball bond is strong enough to withstand the 0.17 gram design limit load due to the W79 gun barrel environments with a very low probability of failure. For the wedge bond, however, the results of a statistical analysis for the bond strength agree with experience which shows that the wedge bonds are generally much weaker than ball bonds in multiplexer substrates, and the probability of failure may be high enough to cause a problem. The degradation of the wedge bond strength …
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Kan, Y.R. & Prantil, V.C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Study of the interactions of molten sodium nitrate-potassium nitrate 50 mol % mixture with water vapor and carbon dioxide in air. Final report, June 2, 1980-June 30, 1981
The interactions of aerial components such as water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen with the binary 50 mol % mixture of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate have been studied in the temperature range 300 to 600/sup 0/C using electrochemical methods. In addition, the behavior of nitrite ions in this melt was investigated electrochemically. By judicious choice of techniques, in situ electroanalysis was possible and the necessary relevant data to accomplish this is presented, as well as insight into the corresponding electrochemical mechanisms associated with the electroactive species. The influence of each atmospheric component was examined separately. At temperatures above 300/sup 0/C, nitrite ions are found to accumulate due to thermal decomposition of the nitrate. Water is highly soluble in the salt mixture, but no hydrolytic reactions were observed. Two methods of in situ analysis for water are described. Pure carbon dioxide is found to attack the melt at all temperatures above 250/sup 0/C producing carbonate. (LEW)
Date:
September 1, 1981
Creator:
White, S. H. & Twardoch, U. M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
EBT-P gamma-ray shielding system
An elaborate study was carried out for the coil and biological shield of the ELMO Bumpy Torus proof-of-principle (EBT-P) device. A three-dimensional scoping study for the coil shield was performed for four different shielding options to define the heat load for each component and check the compliance with the design criterion of 10 watts maximum heat per coil from the gamma ray sources. Also, a detailed biological dose survey was performed which included: (a) the dose equivalent inside and outside the building, (b) the dose equivalent from the two mazes of the machine room, and (c) the skyshine contribution to the dose equivalent.
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Gohar, Y.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Method and apparatus for aerosol-particle absorption spectroscopy. [DOE patent application]
A method and apparatus are described for determining the absorption spectra, and other properties, of aerosol particles. A heating beam source provides a beam of electromagnetic energy which is scanned through the region of the spectrum which is of interest. Particles exposed to the heating beam which have absorption bands within the band width of the heating beam absorb energy from the beam. The particles are also illuminated by light of a wave length such that the light is scattered by the particles. The absorption spectra of the particles can thus be determined from an analysis of the scattered light since the absorption of energy by the particles will affect the way the light is scattered. Preferably the heating beam is modulated to simplify the analysis of the scattered light. In one embodiment the heating beam is intensity modulated so that the scattered light will also be intensity modulated when the particles absorb energy. In another embodiment the heating beam passes through an interferometer and the scattered light reflects the Fourier Transform of the absorption spectra.
Date:
June 25, 1981
Creator:
Campillo, Anthony J. & Lin, Horn-Bond
Object Type:
Patent
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Ion-beam depth-profiling studies of leached glasses
Ion-beam depth-profiling was carried out on three different glasses leached (or hydrated) in deionized water using /sup 1/H(/sup 19/F,..cap alpha gamma..)/sup 16/O nuclear reaction, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and sputter-induced photon spectrometry (SIPS) techniques. The depth-profiles show an interdiffusion mechanism in which the sodium ions in the glass are depleted and replaced by hydrogen (H/sup +/) or hydronium (H/sub 3/O/sup +/) ions from the solution. The leaching behavior does not show significant difference whether the glass surface is fractured or polished. Problems of mobile ion migration caused by ion bombardment and loss of hydrogen during analysis are discussed.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Houser, C. A.; Tsong, I. S. T.; White, W. B.; Wintenberg, A. L.; Miller, P. D. & Moak, C. D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Size distribution of autotrophy and microheterotrophy in reservoirs: implications for foodweb structure
Particle size is a primary determinant of resources available to consumers and of the efficiency of energy transfer through planktonic food chains. Dual radioisotopic labeling (with /sup 14/C-bicarbonate and /sup 3/H-acetate) and size fractionation of naturally-occurring phytoplankton-bacterioplankton assemblages were employed to examine the particle size distributions of planktonic autotrophy and microheterotrophy in four limnologically-dissimilar US reservoirs (Lake Mead, Arizona-Nevada, oligo-mesotrophic; Broken Bow Lake, Oklahoma, mesotrophic; Lake Texoma, Oklahoma-Texas, eutrophic; and Normandy Lake, Tennessee, eutrophic). Small nano- and ultraphytoplankton (< 8.0 ..mu..m) and free-living bacteria (< 3.0 ..mu..m) were primarly responsible for planktonic autotrophy and microheterotrophy, respecitvely, even in eutrophic conditions. Zooplankton grazing experiments indicated that (1) most grazing pressure occurs on 3.0 to 8.0 ..mu..m particles, (2) grazer limitation of the occurrence of attached bacteria amd microbial-detrital aggregates is unlikely, and (3) free-living bacteria are inefficiently harvested, relative to algae, by most reservoir zooplankton. Relative to autorophy, the microheterotrophic conversion of allochthonous dissolved organic matter and algal excretion products to bacterial biomass appears unlikely to be a significant source of organic carbon for planktonic grazers in most reservoirs.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Kimmel, B. L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Hydrothermal system in Southern Grass Valley, Pershing County, Nevada
Southern Grass Valley is a fairly typical extensional basin in the Basin and Range province. Leach Hot Springs, in the southern part of the valley, represents the discharge end of an active hydrothermal flow system with an estimated deep aquifer temperature of 163 to 176/sup 0/C. Results of geologic, hydrologic, geophysical and geochemical investigations are discussed in an attempt to construct an internally consistent model of the system.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Welch, A. H.; Sorey, M. L. & Olmsted, F. H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Utility planning. Impact of alternate energies: consumer's side of the meter
Separate abstracts were prepared for 17 papers in this conference proceedings. (LEW)
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Chemicals identified in human biological media: a data base. Third annual report, October 1981
Data from almost 1600 of the 3800 body-burden documents collected to date have been entered in the data base as of October 1981. The emphasis on including recent literature and significant research documents has resulted in a chronological mix of articles from 1974 to the present. When body-burden articles are identified, data are extracted and entered in the data base by chemical and tissue/body fluid. Each data entry comprises a single record (or line entry) and is assigned a record number. If a particular document deals with more than one chemical and/or tissue, there will be multiple records for that document. For example, a study of 5 chemicals in each of 3 tissues has 15 different records (or 15 line entries) in the data base with 15 record numbers. Record numbers are assigned consecutively throughout the entire data base and appear in the upper left corner of the first column for each record.
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Cone, M.V.; Baldauf, M.F. & Martin, F.M. (comps.)
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library