Notes and Documents column including a document listing the awards and prizes given to the best articles published by the journals of Southwest historical societies, including the Oklahoma Historical Society, the Texas State Historical Association, and the Kansas State Historical Society.

For the Record section including the minutes of the quarterly board meeting of the Board of Directors of the Oklahoma Historical Society that was held on July 29, 1981. It also includes a list honoring the donors who gave gifts to the OHS in the second quarter of 1981 and lists of new annual and new life members of the OHS from April 30 to July 29 of 1981.

Article illustrates the construction of the Oklahoma Central Railroad, providing details about the towns it connected and the reasons why railroad company officials designed it the way they did.

Article explores the extent of historical archaeology in Oklahoma through the materials recovered from the excavation of key historic sites. Many of these Euro-American sites were trading posts and military forts.

Article explores the discourse about the existence of black universities in Oklahoma after desegregation, and examines the history of one of the most prominent institutions in Oklahoma, Langston University.

Article details the old trails that traversed Osage County, providing historical context and physical description of the trails and the towns they connected. A map of these trails is included.

Article describes the history of Cherokee settlement in the Cherokee Outlet, the subsequent selling of those lands, and the process of land allotment that occurred afterwards.

Article explores the historic sites located on the Cherokee Strip as well as their origins. C. E. Metcalf describes the key landmarks on the lucrative land run, as well as they key figures who tried to settle or acquire it.

Notes and Documents column including an amended version of Oklahoma Historical Society constitution that was adopted on March 13, 1981.

For the Record section includingthe minutes of the annual meeting of the Oklahoma Historical Society and the quarterly board meeting of the Board of Directors of the OHS that was held on October 23, 1980. It also includes the new committee assignments on the OHS Board of Directors. It also includes a list honoring the donors who gave gifts to the OHS in the first quarter of 1981 and lists of new annual and new life members of the OHS from January 30 to April 29 of 1981.

Article details the history of discovering and managing energy resources on the Southern Great Plains. From coal mining to the oil and gas industry, settlers took full advantage of the area's resources to run their settlements.

Article describes the establishment and history of Murray State College in the Chickasaw Nation, including its historical context, physical layout of buildings, and student population.

Article depicts the life of territorial stonemason Henry Vogel through examination of his accounts of various building projects. Brad Agnew discusses the man's upbringing, family, and the struggles he faced in Indian Territory.

Article explores the life of a frontier marshal in Oklahoma Territory through the inclusion of a log by U.S. Deputy Marshal Wiley G. Haines. Joe D. Haines, Jr. compares the actual daily life of a frontier marshal with the romantic accounts of the west that have been popularized by film and literature.

Article discusses the hunt for gold and other minerals in the Wichita Mountains of Oklahoma. Duane K. Hale uncovers the history of mining in southwestern Oklahoma from the last half of the nineteenth century to the beginning of the twentieth, including the discovery of ancient mines and dig sites left by earlier prospectors.

Article describes the heritage, life, and career of John Joseph Matthews. Terry P. Wilson begins by providing historical context about the Osage Tribe, then narrows focus to Matthews and his own mixed heritage, education, and literary works.

Notes and Documents column including a biographical sketch about Ethel Mae Brindley, a woman who grew up in Oklahoma Territory and recalls memories of her life and the communities she became involved with.

For the Record section including the minutes of the quarterly board meeting of the Board of Directors of the OHS that was held on January 29, 1981. It also includes a list honoring the donors who gave gifts to the OHS in the fourth quarter of 1980 and lists of new annual and new life members of the OHS from October 24 of 1980 to January 29 of 1981.

Article examines the Jones Family trial that took place in 1917, when violent backlash to any kind of antiwar sentiment was common throughout the United States. The Jones Family was thought to be working with other draft dissenters who caused the Green Corn Rebellion, such as the Working Class Union (WCU).

Article describes the atmosphere of suppression of civil liberties that occurred during World War I in the United States, during which political figures targeted those they believed would cause unpatriotic dissent. Two groups that were often targeted were those that were "German sympathizers" or "hyphenated Americans."

Article illustrates the events of May 14, 1942, when Stand Watie killed James Foreman after accusing him of killing his uncle. Richard Zellner explores how this act of violence was just a step in the growing friction between white frontier settlers and the Cherokee Indians who had been relocated there, friction that would eventually lead to large-scale conflict.

Article continues to explore the historical background of the Jim Thorpe Family after the article's first part in Volume 59, Number 1, Spring 1981. Along with further description of the Sac and Fox and Potawatomi settlement in Indian Territory, Grace Thorpe highlights the lives of individuals in the Thorpe family including Jim Thorpe himself.

Article describes the history of the campaign for equal treatment of African-Americans in Oklahoma City, beginning with the lunch counter sit-ins organized by the NAACP's Youth Council. Carl R. Graves catalogs the efforts of the NAACP and other organizations to end opposition to the desegregation laws passed years earlier.

Article provides a biographical tribute to the life of Carry Nation, a prohibition activist whose dedicated and destructive campaign garnered mixed reactions. Mary Ann Blochowiak provides a fascinating study on the life of the saloon-smashing spiritualist, whose experiences and beliefs contributed to the way she lived her life.