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An Equation of State for Fluid Ethylene (open access)

An Equation of State for Fluid Ethylene

Abstract: A thermodynamic property formulation for ethylene, developed as a part of a joint industry-government project, is presented. The formulation includes an equation of state, vapor pressure equation, and equation for the ideal gas heat capacity. The coefficients were determined by a least squares fit of selected experimental data. Comparisons of property values calculated using the equation of state with measured values are given. The equation of state is not valid in the critical region (pc + 0.3 pc for temperatures of Tc + 0.05 Tc). Errors on the order of 20 percent for derived properties and 10 percent for density may be encountered near the critical point. Tables of the thermodynamic properties of ethylene for the liquid and vapor phases for temperatures from the freezing line to 450 K with pressures to 40 MPa are presented. The equation of state and its derivative and integral functions for calculating thermodynamic properties are included. Estimates of the accuracy of calculated properties are given. A guide for use of computer programs for the calculation of thermodynamic properties of ethylene with listings of subprograms and a sample program to illustrate the use and results of the program are included.
Date: July 1981
Creator: McCarty, Robert D. & Jacobsen, Richard T.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Measurement of Optical Fiber Bandwidth in the Frequency Domain (open access)

Measurement of Optical Fiber Bandwidth in the Frequency Domain

Abstract: The design, evaluation, and performance of a system for determining the magnitude of the transfer function (hence, the bandwidth) of a multimode optical fiber are presented. The system operates to about 1450 MHz using a tracking generator/spectrum analyzer combination for narrowband detection. It is constructed, almost entirely, from commercially available components. The system is less complex and easier to use than an equivalent time domain system and the measurement precision is comparable. Background information on time and frequency domain specifications, fiber bandwidth limitations, and alternate frequency domain techniques is also presented.
Date: September 1981
Creator: Day, G. W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Shielded Balanced and Coaxial Transmission Lines: Parametric Measurements and Instrumentation Relevant to Signal Waveform Transmission in Digital Service (open access)

Shielded Balanced and Coaxial Transmission Lines: Parametric Measurements and Instrumentation Relevant to Signal Waveform Transmission in Digital Service

Abstract: A method is presented for determining the impulse and step responses of a shielded cable using time domain terminal measurements and a physically based mathematical model for the transmission line properties of the cable. The method requires a computer controlled time domain measurement system and was implemented using the NBS Automatic Pulse Measurement System (APMS). Data are also developed for the frequency domain complex propagation function (attenuation and its related minimum-phase shift). The method is applied to 12 shielded paired-conductor (balanced) cables and 5 coaxial cables. Time domain responses are presented for three nominal cable lengths, 60 m (200 ft), 150 m (500 ft), and 300 m (1000 ft). The time domain responses are applied to the estimation of bit error rate increases due to the insertion of the cables into a digital signaling system employing a balanced polar NRZ waveform. Also discussed is the application of the time domain responses to time domain reflectometry techniques for cable acceptance tests and field-site testing of installed cables.
Date: June 1981
Creator: Gans, William L. & Nahman, N. S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Characterization of Optical Fiber Waveguides: A Bibliography with Abstracts, 1970-1980 (open access)

The Characterization of Optical Fiber Waveguides: A Bibliography with Abstracts, 1970-1980

Abstract: This bibliography contains approximately 450 citations of papers concerning the characterization of optical fiber waveguides. Papers from scientific journals, trade journals and conferences are included along with book chapters. The citations of organized by parameter measured and measurement method. Where published abstracts are available they are included.
Date: June 1981
Creator: Day, G. W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
WR 10 Millimeter Wave Microcalorimeter (open access)

WR 10 Millimeter Wave Microcalorimeter

Abstract: A microcalorimeter has been built in WR 10 waveguide, 75-110 GHz, to serve as a power standard at the National Bureau of Standards (NBS). Included here is an evaluation of the errors in using the microcalorimeter for the measurement of effective efficiency of bolometer mounts. The error analysis shows a systematic uncertainty of +/- .83 percent and a random uncertainty of .37 percent.
Date: June 1981
Creator: Weidman, Manly P. & Hudson, Paul A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Excitation of a TEM Cell by a Vertical Electric Hertzian Dipole (open access)

Excitation of a TEM Cell by a Vertical Electric Hertzian Dipole

From abstract: The excitation of a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cell by a vertical electric Hertzian dipole is analyzed where the gap between the septum and side wall is assumed to be small. Approximate expressions for the field distribution and characteristic impedance are derived. These expressions are numerically evaluated for some typical geometries, and good agreement with previously published results is shown. The formation also allows a vertical offset for the septum position, thus offering more flexibility of increasing the size of the test area to accommodate larger pieces of test equipment.
Date: March 1981
Creator: Wilson, Perry F.; Chang, David C. & Ma, Mark T.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Cryogenic Fluids Density Reference System: Provisional Accuracy Statement (1980) (open access)

Cryogenic Fluids Density Reference System: Provisional Accuracy Statement (1980)

Abstract: The improved Density Reference System, the reference densimeter, and the method of determining sample density are described. The uncertainty of the density reference system is + 0.055%. The contribution from the estimated systema -ic error in density was + 0.022%. The estimated uncertainty caused by random error is three times the standard deviation of 0.011% and is based on sixty-three measurements of the densities of saturated liquid methane. The total density uncertainty is taken to be the sum of the systematic and random errors. This applies to the density range of 400 to 480 kg/m at pressures from 0.8 to 4 bar absolute and temperatures between 109 and 128 K. This accuracy statement is expected to apply over ranges of at least 400 to 1000 kg/m3 in density, 77 to 300 K in temperature, and 0.8 to 7 bar in pressure though the accuracy over these ranges has not been verified.
Date: April 1981
Creator: Siegwarth, J. D. & LaBrecque, J. F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Refracted-Ray Scanning (Refracted Near-Field Scanning) for Measuring Index Profiles of Optical Fibers (open access)

Refracted-Ray Scanning (Refracted Near-Field Scanning) for Measuring Index Profiles of Optical Fibers

From introduction: The purpose of this Technical Note is to describe refracted-ray scanning in detail, to analyze it as a measurement system, to document a particular system for implementing it, and to show some exemplary results.
Date: August 1981
Creator: Young, Matt
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
An Equation of State for Fluid Ethylene: Erratum (open access)

An Equation of State for Fluid Ethylene: Erratum

Card listing corrections to several data points documented in a previous technical report, titled "An Equation of State for Fluid Ethylene."
Date: 1981
Creator: McCarty, Robert D. & Jacobsen, Richard T.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library