The results of the 1980 and 1981 well drilling activities at the Cerro Prieto geothermal field are summarized. Details are given on the new series of deeper wells completed in the western (older) part of the field (Cerro Prieto I), and on the development and step-out wells drilled in the eastern part of the field (Cerro Prieto II and III). Production characteristics of on-line and standby wells are discussed. Recent changes in well completion procedures are also described.

Daily newspaper from Pawhuska, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.

Annual report of the Advisory Council for Technical-Vocational Education in Texas describing goals, activities, and accomplishments during fiscal year 1981.

Photograph used for a story in the Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Caption: "Student council members at Putnam City North High School hear a report on the group's efforts to provide needy families with food."

Photograph used for a story in the Oklahoma Times newspaper. Caption: "Glen Decker lines up trees at the Northwest Optimists lot, Northwest Highway and Grand Boulevard."

Photograph used for a story in the Oklahoma Times newspaper. Caption: "Mrs. Leonard Jackson tries to figure out where all her stuff will fit in the new office."

Photograph used for a story in the Oklahoma Times newspaper. Caption: "Norma Nichols, reading the furniture plan, tells moving Dub Ballard where they belong. (Nichols is court clerk in Norman.)"

Photograph used for a story in the Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Caption: "This new wing is part of an expansion and remodeling project at Norman Municipal Hospital."

Photograph used for a story in the Oklahoma Times newspaper. Caption: "David Scott unloads the piney famillars that will soon be installed at most Oklahoma City homes in coming days. Scott is manager of Colt's Christmas tree lot, NW 40 and Pennsylvania, one of several siters opening this month for Christmas tree sales."

This map is one of a series of maps designed for hot dry rock geothermal assessment in Arizona, New Mexico, and the Trans-Peco area of the west Texas. The 3.0 m.y. cutoff age was selected because original heat has probably largely dissipated in older rocks. The location of volcanic centers is more important to geothermal resource assessment than the location of their associated volcanic rocks; however, ages have been determined for numerous flows far from their source. Therefore, the distribution of all volcanic rocks less than or equal to 3.0 m.y. old, for which there is at least one determined age, are shown. Location of the volcanic vents and rocks were taken from Luedke and Smith (1978). Ages were obtained from the original literature in all cases except for McKee and others (1974), Silberman and others (1976), Ulrich and McKee (1976), and Wolfe and McKee (1976). The abstract by McKee and others (1974) lists only the ages of various rocks they dated, so locations were taken from Luedke and Smith (1978). The dates of Silberman and others (1976), Ulrich and McKee (1976), and Wolfe and McKee (1976) are taken from written communications cited by Luedke and Smith (1978); therefore, both …

Photograph used for a story in the Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Caption: "Cecil Kielhorn adds more decorations to the dozens of ornaments already adoring the 26-foot Christmas tree in Galleria Park."

Conservation in energy consumption in industrial fabric filtration systems has become very important due to the substantial increase in energy costs. Recently, an external electric field was utilized in the industrial dust control by fabric filters with very promising initial results. A substantial decrease in the pressure drop and an increase in collection efficiency were observed. The detailed outcome of the experimental research program in electrostatic fabric filtration was presented. The results show that pressure drop decreases substantially with the increased electrostatic field strength for all relevant parameters. Furthermore, the data of the experimental program was utilized to develop a semi-empirical model for the determination of the pressure drop and to establish an Energy-Optimized Design Criteria.

This annual report, the third in a series, provides a brief description of fuel performance in conmercial nuclear power plants. Brief summaries of fuel surveillance programs and operating experience, fuel performance problems, and fuel design changes are provided. References to additional, more detailed, information and related NRC evaluation are included.

An extremely compact line-geometry pulsed source of photoneutrons is proposed with controllable energies of only a few kiloelectron volts, average yields exceeding 1(13) per second, peak intensities higher than the average by two or three orders of magnitude, controllable polarization, and pulse durations of about 2 ns. This source uses photons from a magnetic undulator in a 30-GeV electron-storage ring. Parameters of the undulator and storage ring are stringent but probably attainable with careful design and construction. Several applications are discussed.

Key tax policies relevant to commercial solar energy applications are outlined. Included are certain changes in depreciation rules and small business federal income tax percentages that were part of the recently enacted Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981. Also, the regulations for business investment and energy tax credits are explained. An example of the effects of the new depreciation schedule on a solar industrial process heat system is given.

A framework for determining the characteristics of cost accounting models most appropriate to evaluating energy technologies at different stages in their development is outlined. This analytical perspective is used to evaluate existing models for wood energy plantations and for direct (non-electric) applications of geothermal energy. The concern is with micro-economic cost estimation systems based on a simulation of the technology's physical plant and the projected cash flow resulting from the investment. For discussion purposes three general stages of technology evaluation are described. The level of detail in the engineering simulation should increase as the evaluation progresses through the three stages. Too much detail in the preliminary stage restricts applicability of model outputs to specific system designs, some of which may be inappropriate for other potentially attractive applications. The economic analysis should gradually shift from a general economic perspective on all costs and benefits of system operation to a more specific depiction of cash flows as seen by project developers. Unfortunately, developers of cost models for both woody biomass plantations and direct applications of geothermal energy appear to build all the engineering and financial detail available into their models. They then apply them to any stage in the evaluation process to …

The performance testing of two commercial scale trommels, used for size separation of bulk municipal waste and the first phase of the testwork carried out are reported. The commercial scale trommels examined during this testwork are sited at Doncaster and at Byker. The major difference between the two plants is that raw refuse is processed in the Doncaster plant trommel and pulverised refuse in the Byker plant trommel. Both plants produce a magnetic ferrous fraction as well as a refuse derived fuel prepared by upgrading the intermediate sized product from the rotary screen using air classification, magnetic separation, further size reduction and pelletization. However, they differ in many respects; the feed to the Byker trommel is preshredded (-7'') while that at Doncaster is treated as received and the latter plant also has additional facilities for glass and paper recovery. The report provides detailed accounts of the Byker and Doncaster tests and compares the two screening operations highlighting the effects of the major variables investigated. These results highlight the current lack of understanding of trommel processes in that both series unequivocally demonstrate considerable errors in the design ratings assigned to each unit. Accordingly, the results of the Byker tests relate largely …

Tritium permeation through the first wall of advanced fusion reactors is examined. A fraction of the D-T which bombards the first wall as charge exchange neutral particles will permeate through the first wall and enter the coolant. Calculations of the steady state permeation rate for the US INTOR Tokamak design result in values of less than or equal to 0.002 grams of tritium per day under the most favorable conditions. For unfavorable surface conditions the rate is greater than or equal to 0.1 g/day. The magnitude of these permeation rates is critically dependent on the temperatures and surface conditions of the wall. The introduction of permeation barriers at the wall-coolant interface can significantly reduce permeation rates and hence may be desirable for reactor applications.

Continuum modeling of two-phase flows can essentially be achieved in two ways. The first approach, the so-called continuum theory of mixtures, ignores the details of the flow occurring on the microscopic level, while the second one is the result of some averaging procedure. Although they both lead, as expected, to the same set of basic equations, they differ strongly in their spirit when closure equations have to be found. In the present report, we have attempted to give a brief critical review of both approaches, to compare them and to discuss some of the major difficulties which arise. It is shown that the application of the continuum theory of mixtures is, in most cases, questionable and that the only appropriate way of finding closure equations, besides correlating experimental results, consists in a useful investigation of the microscopic flow pattern associated with an adequate averaging technique.

Progress from February, 1981 through December, 1981 in research dealing with the behavior of transuranic and other radionuclides in the Columbia River downstream from the Hanford Reservation is summarized. All of the objectives outlined in last year's renewal proposal except one were met. The analyses of all cores raised from the Columbia River between McNary Reservoir and the mouth of the river were completed. This permits the establishment of a budget for Pu and Am. Analyses of four natural matrix standard reference materials for the National Bureau of Standards were also performed.

This computer experiment study concerns the determination of the stable vacancy configuration in a compressed fcc Lennard-Jones crystal and the migration of this defect in a compressed crystal. Isotropic and uniaxial compression stress conditions were studied. The isotropic and uniaxial compression magnitudes employed were 0.94 less than or equal to eta less than or equal to 1.5, and 1.0 less than or equal to eta less than or equal to 1.5, respectively. The site-centered vacancy (SCV) was the stable vacancy configuration whenever cubic symmetry was present. This includes all of the isotropic compression cases and the particular uniaxial compression case (eta = ..sqrt..2) that give a bcc structure. In addition, the SCV was the stable configuration for uniaxial compression eta < 1.29. The out-of-plane split vacancy (SV-OP) was the stable vacancy configuration for uniaxial compression 1.29 < eta less than or equal to 1.5 and was the saddle-point configuration for SCV migration when the SCV was the stable form. For eta > 1.20, the SV-OP is an extended defect and, therefore, a saddle point for SV-OP migration could not be determined. The mechanism for the transformation from the SCV to the SV-OP as the stable form at eta = 1.29 …

In most fires thermal radiation is the dominant mode of heat transfer. Carbon particles within the fire are responsible for most of this emitted radiation and hence warrant quantification. As a first step toward understanding thermal radiation in full scale fires, an experimental and theoretical study is presented for a laminar combusting boundary layer. Carbon particulate volume fraction profiles and approximate particle size distributions are experimentally determined in both free and forced flow for several hydrocarbon fuels and PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate). A multiwavelength laser transmission technique determines a most probable radius and a total particle concentration which are two unknown parameters in an assumed Gauss size distribution. A sooting region is observed on the fuel rich side of the main reaction zone. For free flow, all the flames are in air, but the free stream ambient oxygen mass fraction is a variable in forced flow. To study the effects of radiation heat transfer, a model is developed for a laminar combusting boundary layer over a pyrolyzing fuel surface. An optically thin approximation simplifies the calculation of the radiant energy flux at the fuel surface. For the free flames in air, the liquid fuel soot volume fractions, f/sub v/, range from f/sub …

Carbon particulate volume fractions and approximate particle size distributions are measured in a free laminar combusting boundary layer for liquid hydrocarbon fuels (n-heptane, iso-octane, cyclohexane, cyclohexene, toluene) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). A multiwavelength laser transmission technique determines a most probable radius and the total particle concentration, which are two parameters in an assumed form for the size distribution. In the combusting boundary layer, a sooting region exists between the pyrolyzing fuel surface and the flame zone. The liquid fuel soot volume fractions, f/sub v/, range from f/sub v/ approx. 10/sup -7/ for n-heptane, a paraffin, to f/sub v approx. 10/sup -5/ for toluene, an aromatic. The PMMA volume fractions, f/sub v/ approx. 5 X 10/sup -7/, are approximately the same as the values previously reported for pool fires. The soot volume fractions increase with height; convection of carbon particles downstream widens the soot region with height. For all fuels tested, the most probable radius is between 20 nm and 50 nm, and it changes only slightly with height and distance from the fuel surface.

A literature review was conducted to obtain information on the status of hazardous waste solidification technology and application of this technology to low-volume power plant waste sludges. Because of scarcity of sludge composition data, anticipated major components were identified primarily by chemical reactions that are known to occur during treatment of specific wastewaters. Chemical and physical properties of these sludges were critically analyzed for compatibility with several types of commercially available solidification processes. The study pointed out the need for additional information on the nature of these sludges, especially leaching characteristics and the presence of substances that will interfere with solidification processes. Laboratory studies were recommended for evaluation of solidification process which have the greatest potential for converting hazardous low-volume sludges to non-hazardous waste forms.