Article on thermochemical investigations of nearly ideal binary solvents and monomer and dimer models for solubility of benzoic acid in simple binary and ternary solvents.

The study of compressed air energy storage (CAES) in porous rock reservoirs is carried out within the Reservoir Stability Studies Program at Pacific Northwest Laboratory. The goal of the study is to establish criteria for long-term stability of aquifer CAES reservoirs. These criteria are intended to be guidelines and check lists that utilities and architect-engineering firms may use to evaluate reservoir stability at candidate CAES sites. These criteria will be quantitative where possible, qualitative where necessary, and will provide a focal point for CAES relevant geotechnical knowledge, whether developed within this study or available from petroleum, mining or other geotechnical practices using rock materials. The Reservoir Stability Studies Program had four major activities: a state-of-the-art survey to establish preliminary stability criteria and identify areas requiring research and development; numerical modeling; laboratory testing to provide data for use in numerical models and to investigate fundamental rock mechanics, thermal, fluid, and geochemical response of aquifer materials; and field studies to verify the feasibility of air injection and recovery under CAES conditions in an aquifer, to validate and refine the stability criteria, and to evaluate the accuracy and adequacy of the numerical and experimental methodologies developed in previous work. Three phases of study, …

Data were measured for the excitation of H atom projectiles, dissociation of H/sub 2//sup +/ and H/sub 3//sup +/ projectiles into the 3p or 3d states of the H atom, and the collisional destruction cross section for the n = 3 levels in the energy range between 40 and 120 keV.

Final confirmation of much of the engineering mockup work has been achieved in FTR zero-power experiments in February, 1980, and in power demonstration performed in December, 1980, and March, 1981. Final in-core low-power and high-power irradiation of spatially distributed radioactivants will be completed late in 1981. This paper describes physics experiments and present summaries of the extensive results accumulated to date. 53 figures.

Separate abstracts were prepared for the papers presented in the area of: combustion, experiments and analysis.

Separate abstracts were prepared for papers presented in the following areas: (1) hydrogen mitigation, and (2) hydrogen research programs.

Uniformity of condensed layers of DT fuel in cryogenic ICF targets is a crucial parameter in their design. Measurements by classical interferometry lacks resolution to determine DT layer uniformity for targets with thick glass shells and/or thick ablative polymer coatings. We have developed holographic interferometry as an alternative tool for layer uniformity determination. This method is sensitive only to the fuel layer itself. We describe the technique and interference pattern analysis, and present preliminary results.

A new finite-dimensional quantum mechanical space is constructed over the complex octonionic plane using the recently developed algebraic techniques of Jordan pairs and inner ideals. The automorphism group of this structure is E/sub 6/ x U(1), realized on precisely two E/sub 6/ irreps which is abstracted as a (topless) model for grand unification.

We have improved the impulse response characteristics of the LLNL 50 ps detector significantly. The detector has also been improved mechanically to permit much greater ease of assembly and repair. We are investigating modified versions of this design for optical applications. The detector was developed to complement the recording capability of our Thomson-CSF 4 GHz oscilloscopes in laser driven ICF fusion experiments research.

Large samples (up to 15cm diameter) of SYNROC D containing simulated Savannah River (SRL) waste sludge have been prepared and performance tested. Waste loadings of 60 to 65 wt% for the SRL composite sludge have been achieved; this corresponds to a waste concentration (volumetric) loading of approximately 2.3 to 2.5 g/cm/sup 3/. A typical SYNROC D sample has a density of about 4.0 g/cm/sup 3/ with less than 0.2% porosity. The compressive and flexural strengths of SYNROC D are 51,200 and 9400 psi, respectively and Young's Modulus is 20.1 x 10/sup 6/ psi by ultrasonic measurement. The quantity of respirable fines (less than 10 ..mu..m) generated during a constant energy density impact (10J/cm/sup 3/) was less than 0.16 wt%. Values for the thermal conductivity (22/sup 0/C) and the thermal expansion coefficient (22 to 950/sup 0/C) were measured to be 1.7 W/m.K and 11 x 10/sup -6/ K/sup -1/, respectively.

The states seen in radiative psi decay at 1440 and 1640 MeV are discussed. It is argued that the former is almost certainly a glueball while the latter is probably either a glueball or a four quark anti ss(anti uu + anti dd) state. The present status and future verification of these assignments is discussed.

This paper describes the principles, performance and future prospects of ion sources used for cyclotrons. Sources discussed include the filament, PIG, ECR, and EBIS sources. 56 references.

The development and characterization of waste forms, containers and other engineered barriers destined for use in the isolation of nuclear waste in deep geologic repositories has progressed to the point where there are several options for barrier systems that are available to help assure safe disposal of nuclear wastes. However, a rigorous basis has not yet developed to define whether various concepts or products are required or desirable, or how effective they should be for how long. This analysis is an attempt to contribute to that basis. Intent of the study is to determine what incentives exist for providing highly effective engineered barriers for the isolation of radioactive waste (spent fuel in this case) in a deep geologic repository. 6 figures.

A four-channel microwave interferometer operating at 140 GHz has been designed for installation on the upgrade to the Tandem Mirror Experiment (TMX Upgrade). The instrument can be used to measure plasma density simultaneously at four locations: by reconnecting the waveguide runs, density can be measured at other locations of interest. The design is an outgrowth of a system used on TMX, but includes some newly developed hardware. An over-mode circular waveguide system is used to transport the signals over long distances with only moderate losses. Several precautions have been taken to limit the effect of possible interference from the electron cyclotron resonant heating (ECRH) system used to heat the plasma. A high-resolution linear phase comparator has been designed that will operate over the wide range of signals expected. A CAMAC-based data-acquisition system provides for automatic data sampling and archival after each shot.

Evidence for three new particles observed in the Crystal Ball detector is presented. The first particle, at 3592 MeV, is seen inclusively in ..gamma.. transitions from psi', and is thus a candidate for eta/sub c/'. The other two, at 1440 and 1640 MeV, are best seen in exclusive decays of psi involving a prompt ..gamma.., and are thus candidates for bound states of two gluons. Detailed reasons are presented to support the contention that these states are distinct from previously observed candidates such as E(1420). Alternative hypotheses are discussed.

The Mirror Fusion Test Facility (MFTF-B) is a large magnetic fusion energy experiment in the tandem mirror configuration. The requirement that each pair of Yin-Yang magnets, one pair at each end of the experiment, not undergo excessive lateral motion during seismic events was found to require excessively thick (> 12.7 mm) walled tubing in the support-struts, which accelerated the flow of heat inward to the 4 K magnet case from the nearby 300 K wall of the rector vessel, when any of the Cr-Ni austenite stainless steels, such as Type 304 with a 300 K yield-strength (sigma y) of 307 mpa (min.) was considered. Since the cold end of the lateral restraining strut was to be at or near 4 K, the additional constraints of good austenite stability and resistance to brittle fracture at 4 K existed. After consideration of these constraints against available information on Cr-Ni and Cr-Mn-Ni-N/sub 2/ austenitic stainless steels, grade XM-19 (Fe-22 Cr-12 Ni-5 Mn-.04 C-.02 N/sub 2/ was chosen. The mechanical properties of these welds were studied. (MOW)

We have determined experimentally the fraction of laser light incident on DT filled cryogenic polymer coated and bare glass microsphere targets that is absorbed to produce target heating. Data have been obtained for bare glass and CH and CF polymer coated microspheres at 488 nm and 632 nm laser wavelengths. The measurement technique used and experimental results obtained are presented.

The Advanced Test Accelerator (ATA) is a pulsed linear electron beam accelerator designed to study charged particle beam propagation. ATA is designed to produce a 10,000 amp 50 MeV, 70 ns electron beam. The electron beam acceleration is accomplished in ferrite loaded cells. Each cell is capable of maintaining a 70 ns 250 kV voltage pulse across a 1 inch gap. The electron beam is contained in a 5 inch diameter, 300 foot long tube. Cryopumps turbomolecular pumps, and mechanical pumps are used to maintain a base pressure of 2 x 10/sup -6/ torr in the beam tube. The accelerator will be installed in an underground tunnel. Due to the radiation environment in the tunnel, the controlling and monitoring of the vacuum equipment, pressures and temperatures will be done from the control room through a computer interface. This paper describes the vacuum system design, the type of vacuum pumps specified, the reasons behind the selection of the pumps and the techniques used for computer interfacing.

Quantitative adhesion data are presented for a variety of electroplated stainless steel type alloys. Results show that excellent adhesion can be obtained by using a Wood's nickel strike or a sulfamate nickel strike prior to final plating. Specimens plated after Wood's nickel striking failed in the deposit rather than at the interface between the substrate and the coating. Flyer plate quantitative tests showed that use of anodic treatment in sulfuric acid prior to Wood's nickel striking even further improved adhesion. In contrast activation of stainless steels by immersion or cathodic treatment in hydrochloric acid resulted in very reduced bond strengths with failure always occurring at the interface between the coating and substrate.

Experimental results in TMX have confirmed the basic principles of the tandem-mirror concept. A center-cell particle confinement parameter eta tau approx. 10/sup 11/ cm/sup -3/ s has been obtained at ion temperatures around 100 eV, which is a hundred-fold improvement over single mirrors at the same temperatures. For TMX these results have been obtained at peak beta values in the center cell in the range 10 to 40%, not yet limited by MHD activity; and ion-cyclotron resonant heating (ICRH) in the Phaedrus tandem-mirror experiment has produced beta values approx. 25%, which is several times the ideal MHD limit for that device. In addition, it has been demonstrated that the end fan chambers of TMX simultaneously isolate the hot electrons from the end walls, provide adequate pumping and conveniently dispose of the exhaust plasma energy either by thermal deposition on the end wall or by direct conversion to electricity (at 48% efficiency in agreement with calculations). Also, evidence was obtained for inherent divertor action in TMX, presumably in part responsible for the observed low impurity level (<0.5% low-Z ions in the center cell).

The assumption that the grand unified theory (GUT) emerges as an effective theory describing bound states of N = 8 supergravity preons should determine the GUT particle spectrum and constrain their couplings. Analysis of the spectrum has led to some possibly encouraging indications. At the least, the particle content in scalars, vectors and fermions needed to reproduce SU(5) phenomenology can be found among the states of the EGMZ multiplet.

One cannot expect measurements alone to supply all of the neutron-induced activation cross-section data required by the fission reactor, fusion reactor, and nuclear weapons development communities, given the wide ranges of incident neutron energies, the great variety of possible reaction types leading to activation, and targets both stable and unstable. Therefore, the evaluator must look to nuclear model calculations and systematics to aid in fulfilling these cross-section data needs. This review presents some of the recent developments and improvements in the prediction of neutron activation cross sections, with specific emphasis on the use of empirical and semiempirical methods. Since such systematics require much less nuclear informaion as input and much less computational time than do the multistep Hauser-Feshbach codes, they can often provide certain cross-section data at a sufficient level of accuracy within a minimum amount of time. The cross-section information that these systematics can and cannot provide and those cases in which they can be used most reliably are discussed.

A new technique of quantitative track counting, the Buffon needle method, is advanced. It is based on random sampling of the solid state track recorder (SSTR) surface. This new method extends quantitative track scanning to track densities well up into the track pile-up regime. It is shown that the Buffon needle method possesses a reduced dependence upon both track density nonuniformity and track size distribution. Sources of experimental error arising in the Buffon needle method are assessed. The validity of the Buffon needle method is demonstrated down to at least the 10% uncertainty level (1sigma) by manual sampling of high fission track density mica SSTR observed with scanning electron microscopy.

Comparison between like charge and unlike charge particle distributions allows the study of both Bose-Einstein effects and of inclusive resonance production. Some results on the first of these topics are presented. The data presented here are based on 1.3 x 10/sup 6/ events at the psi/J and a much smaller number obtained in the E/sub cm/ = 4 - 7 GeV region in the Mark II detector operating at SPEAR. The Bose-Einstein effects are obtained in terms of ratios of distributions of the Lorentz invariant quantities for two particles and the corresponding three-particle quantity.