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Spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry
There has been recently a revival of interest in supersymmetric gauge theories, stimulated by the hope that supersymmetry might help in clarifying some of the questions which remain unanswered in the so called Grand Unified Theories and in particular the gauge hierarchy problem. In a Grand Unified Theory one has two widely different mass scales: the unification mass M approx. = 10/sup 15/GeV at which the unification group (e.g. SU(5)) breaks down to SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1) and the mass ..mu.. approx. = 100 GeV at which SU(2) x U(1) is broken down to the U(1) of electromagnetism. There is at present no theoretical understanding of the extreme smallness of the ratio ..mu../M of these two numbers. This is the gauge hierarchy problem. This lecture attempts to review the various mechanisms for spontaneous supersymmetry breaking in gauge theories. Most of the discussions are concerned with the tree approximation, but what is presently known about radiative correction is also reviewed.
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Zumino, B.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Precision programmable bipolar V/f instrumentation module
A precision bipolar voltage-to-frequency converter, which is computer-programmable from a digital interface, has been produced. Utilizing NIM packaging, the 1 MHz V/f has sixteen ranges and may be operated from panel controls as well as remotely programmed. Intended for use in magnetic measurements, good performance and versatility suggest wider application. The instrument is described and the circuit design is discussed in detail. Tests of the first unit are discussed and instrument specifications are given.
Date:
October 1, 1981
Creator:
Hearn, W. E.; Green, M. I.; Nelson, D. H. & Rondeau, D. J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Effect of nitrogen fertilizer and nodulation on lime-induced chlorosis in soybeans
Previous studies have indicated that addition of nitrogen to Fe-inefficient PI54619-5-1 soybeans, when grown in calcareous Hacienda loam soil, intensified iron chlorosis. It was reasoned that when large amounts of nitrate were taken up, more hydroxyl ions were expelled by roots with resultant less availability of soil Fe. It was further reasoned that if N were fixed symbiotically, cation (K, Ca, Mg) uptake would considerably exceed anion (H/sub 2/PO/sup -//sub 4/, Cl/sup -/) uptake with no need for uptake of NO/sub 3//sup -/ with resultant increase in protons excreted. Iron availability then would be increased and there would be less Fe deficiency. An experiment was conducted with and without innoculation with the PI54619-5-1 soybeans in the calcareous soil to test the ability of nodules to prevent Fe chlorosis. The only plants in the experiment with nodules were those with innoculum added and these plants were most free of Fe chlorosis. Iron analyses indicated that the hypothesis may be correct. It can be concluded that cation-anion uptake balance has much to do with the onset of lime-induced chlorosis. The relative uptake of NH/sub 4//sup +/ and NO/sub 3//sup -/ species of nitrogen can be important considerations in the cation-anion balance.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Wallace, A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Digital neutron radiography using plane converters with multiwire proportional chambers
The work described here was completed more than three years ago, and represents, in large part the PhD and MS thesis research of two of the present authors. Much of it has been reported previously elsewhere. It constitutes an effort to develop and study a moderately low cost, moderate resolution, high sensitivity, on-line method for digital neutron radiography, intended for use where neutron fluence was limited by source strength, or received dose. The basic imaging system consisted of a position-sensitive gas proportional chamber together with its associated imaging electronics, and a plane neutron converter. Enriched-boron, gadolinium, and polyethylene (for fast neutrons) converters were analyzed and tested. Some work was done on digital data enhancement, and efforts to improve spatial resolution included pressurizing the proportional-chamber gas to reduce the track lengths of the neutron-interaction products.
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Kaplan, S. N.; Director, B. A.; Perez-Mendez, V. & Valentine, K. H.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
PICLE: a 2-D code for laser-beam - gas-jet interaction studies
A heat transport hydrodynamic PIC code was adapted for application to the KMSF gas-jet experiments. The input material density profile was changed from the original solid slab geometry to a cylindrically symmetric profile modeling the gas-jet plume. The target material was changed from the original Z = 1 to arbitrary Z. Energy deposition was modified to include inverse bremsstrahlung and resonance absorption. Preliminary results indicate electron thermal conduction dominates over mass flow for times up to about the laser pulse length. Electron thermal conduction is seen to vary between classical and flux-limited values spatially and temporally according to plasma conditions. Applications of this code, entitled PICLE (Particle-In-Cell Laser Equipment code), to absorption and flux-limit parameter studies are described. A source listing and sample input deck are included.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Dunning, M.J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Age and location of volcanic centers less than or equal to 3. 0 m. y. old in Arizona, New Mexico, and the Trans-Peco area of West Texas
This map is one of a series of maps designed for hot dry rock geothermal assessment in Arizona, New Mexico, and the Trans-Peco area of the west Texas. The 3.0 m.y. cutoff age was selected because original heat has probably largely dissipated in older rocks. The location of volcanic centers is more important to geothermal resource assessment than the location of their associated volcanic rocks; however, ages have been determined for numerous flows far from their source. Therefore, the distribution of all volcanic rocks less than or equal to 3.0 m.y. old, for which there is at least one determined age, are shown. Location of the volcanic vents and rocks were taken from Luedke and Smith (1978). Ages were obtained from the original literature in all cases except for McKee and others (1974), Silberman and others (1976), Ulrich and McKee (1976), and Wolfe and McKee (1976). The abstract by McKee and others (1974) lists only the ages of various rocks they dated, so locations were taken from Luedke and Smith (1978). The dates of Silberman and others (1976), Ulrich and McKee (1976), and Wolfe and McKee (1976) are taken from written communications cited by Luedke and Smith (1978); therefore, both …
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Aldrich, M.J. & Laughlin, A.W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Occidental Geothermal, Inc. , Oxy geothermal power plant No. 1. Final environmental impact report
The project-specific environmental analysis covers the following: geology, soils, water resources, biology, air quality, noise, waste management, health, safety, transportation, energy and material resources, cultural resources, socioeconomics, public services, land use, and aesthetics. Other topics covered are: the cumulative envionmental analysis; unavoidable significant adverse environmental effects; irreversible environmental changes and irretrievable commitments of energy and materials; the relationship between local short-term uses of man's environment and the maintenance and enhancement of long-term productivity; growth-inducing impacts; and alternatives to the proposed action. (MHR)
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
500-kW DCHX pilot-plant evaluation testing
Field tests with the 500 kW Direct Contact Pilot Plant were conducted utilizing brine from well Mesa 6-2. The tests were intended to develop comprehensive performance data, design criteria, and economic factors for the direct contact power plant. The tests were conducted in two phases. The first test phase was to determine specific component performance of the DCHX, turbine, condensers and pumps, and to evaluate chemical mass balances of non-condensible gases in the IC/sub 4/ loop and IC/sub 4/ in the brine stream. The second test phase was to provide a longer term run at nearly fixed operating conditions in order to evaluate plant performance and identify operating cost data for the pilot plant. During these tests the total accumulated run time on major system components exceeded 1180 hours with 777 hours on the turbine prime mover. Direct contact heat exchanger performance exceeded the design prediction.
Date:
October 1, 1981
Creator:
Hlinak, A.; Lee, T.; Loback, J.; Nichols, K.; Olander, R.; Oshmyansky, S. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Salinity variations and chemical compositions of waters in the Frio Formation, Texas Gulf Coast. Annual report
Waters produced from sandstone reservoirs of the deep Frio Formation exhibit spatial variations in chemical composition that roughly coincide with the major tectonic elements (Houston and Rio Grande Embayments, San Marcos Arch) and corresponding depositional systems (Houston and Norias deltas, Greta-Carancahua barrier/strandplain system) that were respectively active along the upper, lower, and middle Texas Coast during Frio deposition. Within an area, salinities are usually depth dependent, and primary trends closely correspond to pore pressure gradients and thermal gradients. Where data are available (mainly in Brazoria County) the increases in TDS and calcium with depth coincide with the zone of albitization, smectite-illite transition, and calcite decrease in shales. Waters have fairly uniform salinities when produced from the same sandstone reservoir within a fault block or adjacent fault blocks with minor displacement. In contrast, stratigraphically equivalent sandstones separated by faults with large displacement usually yield waters with substantially different salinities owing to the markedly different thermal and pressure gradients across the faults that act as barriers to fluid movement.
Date:
November 1, 1981
Creator:
Morton, R. A.; Garrett Jr., C. M.; Posey, J. S.; Han, J. H. & Jirik, L. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Sodium-water reaction acoustic noise for liquid phase injections. [LMFBR]
Data on liquid and steam injections into sodium were recorded during a series of wastage experiments. These data are analyzed for acoustic power and spectral characteristics, expanding the data base up to 10 gm/sec injection rates from the earlier 0.5 gms/sec. No significant difference in acoustic power was measured between low temperature steam and liquid injections for the same mass flowrates. The bandwidth for steam injections is broader than for liquid injections. Reaction product deposition during water injections appears to cause a decrease in signal strength with test duration.
Date:
February 1, 1981
Creator:
Callis, K. R.; Greene, D. A. & Malovrh, J. W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Probability of spent fuel transportation accidents
The transported volume of spent fuel, incident/accident experience and accident environment probabilities were reviewed in order to provide an estimate of spent fuel accident probabilities. In particular, the accident review assessed the accident experience for large casks of the type that could transport spent (irradiated) nuclear fuel. This review determined that since 1971, the beginning of official US Department of Transportation record keeping for accidents/incidents, there has been one spent fuel transportation accident. This information, coupled with estimated annual shipping volumes for spent fuel, indicated an estimated annual probability of a spent fuel transport accident of 5 x 10/sup -7/ spent fuel accidents per mile. This is consistent with ordinary truck accident rates. A comparison of accident environments and regulatory test environments suggests that the probability of truck accidents exceeding regulatory test for impact is approximately 10/sup -9//mile.
Date:
July 1, 1981
Creator:
McClure, J. D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Self-potential modeling from primary flows
A new method for the calculation of self potentials (SP) based on induced current sources is presented. The induced current sources are due to divergences of the convective current which is driven, in turn, by a primary flow, either heat or fluid. Numerical modeling utilizing this method has been implemented using a two-dimensional transmission surface algorithm. When the primary flow is driven by the gradient of a potential, joint modeling of the primary flow and the resultant SP is possible with this algorithm. Examples of simple geometrical models in the presence of point sources for the primary flow are presented and discussed. Lastly, a field example of the joint modeling of temperature and SP data is illustrated with data from Red Hill Hot Spring, Utah.
Date:
March 1, 1981
Creator:
Sill, W.R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Baker Construction, Cincinnati, Ohio. Solar energy system performance evaluation, October 1980-May 1981
The Baker Construction site is a single family residence in Ohio with a passive solar heating system, which consists of 302 square feet of 62 degree sloped greenhouse glazing, a 35,500-pound concrete mass wall, 10,400-pound concrete slab floor, 20 phase change storage rods, six 1-kW electric baseboard heaters, and a wood stove. A solar fraction of 55% is reported. Also the solar savings ratio and conventional fuel savings are given. The performance of the greenhouse collector subsystem, the heat storage subsystem, and the space heating subsystem are summarized as well as total system performance. Energy savings and weather data are also included. The design of the system, performance evaluation techniques, and sensor technology are also presented. (LEW)
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Spears, J.W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Moment series for the coefficient of variation in Weibull sampling
For the 2-parameter Weibull distribution function F(t) = 1 - exp(-t/b)/sup c/, t > 0, with c and b positive, a moment estimator c* for c is the solution of the equationGAMMA(1 + 2/c*)/GAMMA/sup 2/ (1 + 1/c*) = 1 + v*/sup 2/ where v* is the coefficient of variation in the form ..sqrt..m/sub 2//m/sub 1/', m/sub 1/' being the sample mean, m/sub 2/ the sample second central moment (it is trivial in the present context to replace m/sub 2/ by the variance). One approach to the moments of c* (Bowman and Shenton, 1981) is to set-up moment series for the scale-free v*. The series are apparently divergent and summation algorithms are essential; we consider methods due to Levin (1973) and one, introduced ourselves (Bowman and Shenton, 1976).
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Bowman, K.O. & Shenton, L.R.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fast-neutron total and scattering cross sections of /sup 58/Ni
Neutron total cross sections of /sup 58/Ni were measured at 25 keV intervals from 0.9 to 4.5 MeV with 50 to 100 keV resolutions. Attention was given to self-shielding corrections to the observed total cross sections. Differential elastic- and inelastic-scattering cross sections were measured at 50 keV intervals from 1.35 to 4.0 MeV with 50 to 100 keV resolutions. Inelastic excitation of levels at 1.458 +- 0.009, 2.462 +- 0.010, 2.791 +- 0.015, 2.927 +- 0.012 and 3.059 +- 0.025 MeV was observed. The experimental results were interpreted in terms of optical-statistical and coupled-channels models. A spherical optical-statistical model was found generally descriptive of an energy-average of the experimental results. However, detailed considerations suggested significant contributions from direct-vibrational interactions, particularly associated with the excitation of the first 2+ level.
Date:
September 1, 1981
Creator:
Jorgensen, C. B.; Guenther, P. T.; Smith, A. B. & Whalen, J. F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Vermont State Briefing Book on low-level radioactive waste management
The Vermont State Briefing Book is one of a series of state briefing books on low-level radioactive waste management practices. It has been prepared to assist state and federal agency officials in planning for safe low-level radioactive waste disposal. The report contains a profile of low-level radioactive waste generators in Vermont. The profile is the result of a survey of Nuclear Regulatory Commission licensees in Vermont. The briefing book also contains a comprehensive assessment of low-level radioactive waste management issues and concerns as defined by all major interested parties including industry, government, the media, and interest groups. The assessment was developed through personal communications with representatives of interested parties, and through a review of media sources. Lastly, the briefing book provides demographic and socioeconomic data and a discussion of relevant government agencies and activities, all of which may affect waste management practices in Vermont.
Date:
July 1, 1981
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Texasgulf solar cogeneration program. Mid-term topical report
The status of technical activities of the Texasgulf Solar Cogeneration Program at the Comanche Creek Sulfur Mine is described. The program efforts reported focus on preparation of a system specification, selection of a site-specific configuration, conceptual design, and facility performance. Trade-off studies performed to select the site-specific cogeneration facility configuration that would be the basis for the conceptual design efforts are described. Study areas included solar system size, thermal energy storage, and field piping. The conceptual design status is described for the various subsystems of the Comanche Creek cogeneration facility. The subsystems include the collector, receiver, master control, fossil energy, energy storage, superheat boiler, electric power generation, and process heat subsystems. Computer models for insolation and performance are also briefly discussed. Appended is the system specification. (LEW)
Date:
February 1, 1981
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Interim reliability evaluation program, Browns Ferry 1
Probabilistic risk analysis techniques, i.e., event tree and fault tree analysis, were utilized to provide a risk assessment of the Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant Unit 1. Browns Ferry 1 is a General Electric boiling water reactor of the BWR 4 product line with a Mark 1 (drywell and torus) containment. Within the guidelines of the IREP Procedure and Schedule Guide, dominant accident sequences that contribute to public health and safety risks were identified and grouped according to release categories.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Mays, S.E.; Poloski, J.P.; Sullivan, W.H.; Trainer, J.E.; Bertucio, R.C. & Leahy, T.J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Economic assessment of advanced flue gas desulfurization processes. Final report
This report presents the results of a project sponsored by the Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC). The purpose of the study was to perform an economic and market assessment of advanced flue gas desulfurization (FGD) processes for application to coal-fired electric utility plants. The time period considered in the study is 1981 through 1990, and costs are reported in 1980 dollars. The task was divided into the following four subtasks: (1) determine the factors affecting FGD cost evaluations; (2) select FGD processes to be cost-analyzed; (3) define the future electric utility FGD system market; and (4) perform cost analyses for the selected FGD processes. The study was initiated in September 1979, and separate reports were prepared for the first two subtasks. The results of the latter two subtasks appear only in this final reprot, since the end-date of those subtasks coincided with the end-date of the overall task. The Subtask 1 report, Criteria and Methods for Performing FGD Cost Evaluations, was completed in October 1980. A slightly modified and condensed version of that report appears as appendix B to this report. The Subtask 2 report, FGD Candidate Process Selection, was completed in January 1981, and the principal outputs of that …
Date:
September 1, 1981
Creator:
Bierman, G. R.; May, E. H.; Mirabelli, R. E.; Pow, C. N.; Scardino, C. & Wan, E. I.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Stability and disturbance of large dc supeconducting magnets
This paper addresses the stability aspects of several successful dc superconducting magnets such as large bubble chamber magnets, and magnets for the Mirror Fusion Test Facility and MHD Research Facility. Specifically, it will cover Argonne National Laboratory 12-Foot Bubble Chamber magnets, the 15-foot Bubble Chamber magnets at Fermi National Laboratory, the MFTF-B Magnet System at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the U-25B Bypass MHD Magnet, and the CFFF Superconducting MHD magnet built by Argonne National Laboratory. All of these magnets are cooled in pool-boiling mode. Magnet design is briefly reviewed. Discussed in detail are the adopted stability criteria, analyses of stability and disturbance, stability simulation, and the final results of magnet performance and the observed coil disturbances.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Wang, S. T.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Swedish nuclear waste efforts
After the introduction of a law prohibiting the start-up of any new nuclear power plant until the utility had shown that the waste produced by the plant could be taken care of in an absolutely safe way, the Swedish nuclear utilities in December 1976 embarked on the Nuclear Fuel Safety Project, which in November 1977 presented a first report, Handling of Spent Nuclear Fuel and Final Storage of Vitrified Waste (KBS-I), and in November 1978 a second report, Handling and Final Storage of Unreprocessed Spent Nuclear Fuel (KBS II). These summary reports were supported by 120 technical reports prepared by 450 experts. The project engaged 70 private and governmental institutions at a total cost of US $15 million. The KBS-I and KBS-II reports are summarized in this document, as are also continued waste research efforts carried out by KBS, SKBF, PRAV, ASEA and other Swedish organizations. The KBS reports describe all steps (except reprocessing) in handling chain from removal from a reactor of spent fuel elements until their radioactive waste products are finally disposed of, in canisters, in an underground granite depository. The KBS concept relies on engineered multibarrier systems in combination with final storage in thoroughly investigated stable geologic …
Date:
September 1, 1981
Creator:
Rydberg, J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analyses of mixed-hydrocarbon binary thermodynamic cycles for moderate-temperature geothermal resources using regeneration techniques
Studies of basic binary geothermal cycles utilizing mixtures of hydrocarbons have shown better performance than for pure fluids for a moderate temperature (360/sup 0/F) resource. However, a loss is net geofluid effectiveness (watt-hours net plant output/1bm geofluid) results when the geofluid outlet temperature is limited to temperatures in excess of 160/sup 0/F to alleviate a silica precipitation problem. This study examined three working fluids consisting of binary mixtures of hydrocarbons to see if use of regenerative preheating techniques such as turbine exhaust recupation and/or turbine bleed could recover the loss in geofluid effectiveness for a 160/sup 0/F geofluid outlet temperature. Results showed that with the most promising of the three working fluids a turbine exhaust recuperator alone is sufficient to recover all the lost effectiveness while maintaining the geofluid outlet temperature at 160/sup 0/F. A brief study to investigate cold weather operation with that working fluid, and using the recuperator, showed no major detrimental response of the system; however, silica precipitation may present a problem in extremely cold weather, as the geofluid outlet temperature dropped below 160/sup 0/F for the lowest wet bulb temperatures studied.
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Demuth, O. J. & Kochan, R. J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Design criteria for a self-actuated shutdown system to ensure limitation of core damage. [LMFBR]
Safety-based functional requirements and design criteria for a self-actuated shutdown system (SASS) are derived in accordance with LOA-2 success criteria and reliability goals. The design basis transients have been defined and evaluated for the CDS Phase II design, which is a 2550 MWt mixed oxide heterogeneous core reactor. A partial set of reactor responses for selected transients is provided as a function of SASS characteristics such as reactivity worth, trip points, and insertion times.
Date:
September 1, 1981
Creator:
Deane, N.A. & Atcheson, D.B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
System study of an MHD/gas turbine combined-cycle baseload power plant. HTGL report No. 134
The MHD/gas turbine combined-cycle system has been designed specifically for applications where the availability of cooling water is very limited. The base case systems which were studied consisted of an MHD plant with a gas turbine bottoming plant, and required no cooling water. The gas turbine plant uses only air as its working fluid and receives its energy input from the MHD exhaust gases by means of metal tube heat exchangers. In addition to the base case systems, vapor cycle variation systems were considered which included the addition of a vapor cycle bottoming plant to improve the thermal efficiency. These systems required a small amount of cooling water. The MHD/gas turbine systems were modeled with sufficient detail, using realistic component specifications and costs, so that the thermal and economic performance of the system could be accurately determined. Three cases of MHD/gas turbine systems were studied, with Case I being similar to an MHD/steam system so that a direct comparison of the performances could be made, with Case II being representative of a second generation MHD system, and with Case III considering oxygen enrichment for early commercial applications. The systems are nominally 800 MW/sub e/ to 1000 MW/sub e/ in size. …
Date:
August 1, 1981
Creator:
Annen, K.D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library