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Eastern Gas Shales Program. Completion and stimulation of five New York State Energy Research and Development Authority Wells Allegany and Cattaraugus Counties, New York
In order to evaluate the potential of the Devonian Shales as a source of natural gas, DOE/METC in Morgantown, West Virginia, has undertaken the Eastern Gas Shale Program (EGSP); not only to characterize and identify the resource, but also to enhance and improve the productivity of wells completed in the shale. One of the methods used to achieve improved productivity is hydraulic fracturing and, more specifically, foam fracturing. The efforts by DOE/METC included completion and stimulation of five New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) wells; located in western Allegany County and southwestern Cattaraugus County, New York. The five wells were drilled on high shcool and college properties during the months of June and July 1981. DOE/METC's contribution to the program funded the stimulation and completion of the wells. This work was done under the engineering and field supervision of Gruy Federal, Inc. as contractor to DOE. The completion work took place in the months of July and August 1981. This consisted of running a cement bond log in each well. All logs showed good bonding. This was followed by perforating the Marcellus Shale through the 4-1/2-inch casing. During the next phase, the formation was broken down with …
Date:
November 1, 1981
Creator:
Rdissi, A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Material Considerations in the Design of a Bulk Shield for the Fusion Engineering Device
The FED bulk shield provides protection from high-energy neutrons and gamma rays and removes nuclear heat generated. Bulk shield optimization calculations were conducted using the Los Alamos ONEDANT discrete ordinates and the General Atomic PATH point kernel codes. Six candidate steel alloys were considered.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Kirchner, J. & Engholm, B. A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Liquid scintillators for optical-fiber applications
A multicomponent liquid scintillator solution for use as a radiation-to-light converter in conjunction with a fiber optic transmission system. The scintillator includes a quantity of 1, 2, 4, 5, 3H, 6H, 1 OH, tetrahydro-8-trifluoromethyl (1) benzopyrano (9, 9a, 1-gh) quinolizin-10-one (Coumarin) as a solute in a fluor solvent such as benzyl alcohol or pseudo-cumene. The use of BIBUQ as an additional or primary solute is also disclosed.
Date:
June 1, 1981
Creator:
Franks, L. A. & Lutz, S. S.
Object Type:
Patent
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Vacuum system problems of EBT: a steady-state fusion experiment
Many of the vacuum problems faced by EBT will soon be shared by other plasma devices as high-power microwave systems and long pulse lengths become more common. The solutions used on EBT (such as the raised lip with elastomer seal) are not unique; however, experience has shown that microwave-compatible designs must be carefully thought out. All details of the vacuum must be carefully thought out. All details of the vacuum must be carefully screened in advance to insure that microwaves do not leak into pumps or diagnostics where they can cause major damage. Sputter coating, which even now is noticeably present in most pulsed plasma systems, becomes much worse as systems approach steady state. And finally, radiation degradation of components which is presently a minor problem will become significant on high-power microwave-fed devices, such as EBT-P.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Livesey, R.L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of standards for energy-efficient motors
This analysis does not lead to a clear conclusion regarding the effectiveness of standards for energy efficient motors if effectiveness is based on a benefit-cost ratio criteria. Two alternative assumptions were made regarding the appropriate measure of the costs to the private sector. In the first case it was assumed that private sector users have no biases and expect rates of return on investment that represent their true opportunity cost of capital. Under this assumption the benefit-cost ratio is .65, that is, for every dollar of cost incurred, the associated benefit is 65 cents. The alternative assumption is tha the private sector under values energy conservation investments. Under this assumption, the benfit-cost ratio of the standards program was 1.35. For every dollar spent, $1.35 is returned to society, because the standards force private sector users to correct their biases and therefore allocate capital more productively.
Date:
March 1, 1981
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Shallow hydrothermal regime of the East Brawley and Glamis known geothermal resource areas, Salton Trough, California
Thermal gradients and thermal conductivities were obtained in real time using an in situ heat-flow technique in 15 shallow (90 to 150 m) wells drilled between Brawley and Glamis in the Imperial Valley, Southern California. The in situ measurements were supplemented by follow-up conventional temperature logs in seven of the wells and by laboratory measurements of thermal conductivity on drill cuttings. The deltaic sedimentary material comprising the upper approx. 100 m of the Salton Trough generally is poorly sorted and high in quartz resulting in quite high thermal conductivities (averaging 2.0 Wm/sup -1/ K/sup -1/ as opposed to 1.2 to 1.7 for typical alluvium). A broad heat-flow anomaly with maximum of about 200 mWm/sup -2/ (approx. 5 HFU) is centered between Glamis and East Brawley and is superimposed on a regional heat-flow high in excess of 100 mWm/sup -2/ (> 2.5 HFU). The heat-flow high corresponds with a gravity maximum and partially with a minimum in electrical resistivity, suggesting the presence of a hydrothermal system at depth in this area.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Mase, C. W.; Sass, J. H.; Brook, C. A. & Munroe, R. J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Bond-Strength Studies for 1-Mil-Diameter Gold Wires Bonded to Hybrid Microcircuit Substrates
Detailed studies of the failure probability for gold wires bonded to multiplexer substrates under severe acceleration in the W79 artillery shell environments were made. The studies included: the calculated resultant pull forces exerted on the bond joints due to the W79 acceleration environments; the suitability of the loop-hook pull tests and the use of the normal Gaussian distribution theory for statistical description of bond strengths; and the probability of failure for gold wires bonded to multiplexer substrates under artillery shell accelerations using fixed angle pull tests and a Weilbull distribution theory for the statistical description. Preliminary statistical analyses of the bond strength data obtained from the conventional loop-hook pull tests for a multiplexer substrate HMC, have shown that the ball bond is strong enough to withstand the 0.17 gram design limit load due to the W79 gun barrel environments with a very low probability of failure. For the wedge bond, however, the results of a statistical analysis for the bond strength agree with experience which shows that the wedge bonds are generally much weaker than ball bonds in multiplexer substrates, and the probability of failure may be high enough to cause a problem. The degradation of the wedge bond strength …
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Kan, Y.R. & Prantil, V.C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Study of the interactions of molten sodium nitrate-potassium nitrate 50 mol % mixture with water vapor and carbon dioxide in air. Final report, June 2, 1980-June 30, 1981
The interactions of aerial components such as water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen with the binary 50 mol % mixture of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate have been studied in the temperature range 300 to 600/sup 0/C using electrochemical methods. In addition, the behavior of nitrite ions in this melt was investigated electrochemically. By judicious choice of techniques, in situ electroanalysis was possible and the necessary relevant data to accomplish this is presented, as well as insight into the corresponding electrochemical mechanisms associated with the electroactive species. The influence of each atmospheric component was examined separately. At temperatures above 300/sup 0/C, nitrite ions are found to accumulate due to thermal decomposition of the nitrate. Water is highly soluble in the salt mixture, but no hydrolytic reactions were observed. Two methods of in situ analysis for water are described. Pure carbon dioxide is found to attack the melt at all temperatures above 250/sup 0/C producing carbonate. (LEW)
Date:
September 1, 1981
Creator:
White, S. H. & Twardoch, U. M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
EBT-P gamma-ray shielding system
An elaborate study was carried out for the coil and biological shield of the ELMO Bumpy Torus proof-of-principle (EBT-P) device. A three-dimensional scoping study for the coil shield was performed for four different shielding options to define the heat load for each component and check the compliance with the design criterion of 10 watts maximum heat per coil from the gamma ray sources. Also, a detailed biological dose survey was performed which included: (a) the dose equivalent inside and outside the building, (b) the dose equivalent from the two mazes of the machine room, and (c) the skyshine contribution to the dose equivalent.
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Gohar, Y.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Ion-beam depth-profiling studies of leached glasses
Ion-beam depth-profiling was carried out on three different glasses leached (or hydrated) in deionized water using /sup 1/H(/sup 19/F,..cap alpha gamma..)/sup 16/O nuclear reaction, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and sputter-induced photon spectrometry (SIPS) techniques. The depth-profiles show an interdiffusion mechanism in which the sodium ions in the glass are depleted and replaced by hydrogen (H/sup +/) or hydronium (H/sub 3/O/sup +/) ions from the solution. The leaching behavior does not show significant difference whether the glass surface is fractured or polished. Problems of mobile ion migration caused by ion bombardment and loss of hydrogen during analysis are discussed.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Houser, C. A.; Tsong, I. S. T.; White, W. B.; Wintenberg, A. L.; Miller, P. D. & Moak, C. D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Size distribution of autotrophy and microheterotrophy in reservoirs: implications for foodweb structure
Particle size is a primary determinant of resources available to consumers and of the efficiency of energy transfer through planktonic food chains. Dual radioisotopic labeling (with /sup 14/C-bicarbonate and /sup 3/H-acetate) and size fractionation of naturally-occurring phytoplankton-bacterioplankton assemblages were employed to examine the particle size distributions of planktonic autotrophy and microheterotrophy in four limnologically-dissimilar US reservoirs (Lake Mead, Arizona-Nevada, oligo-mesotrophic; Broken Bow Lake, Oklahoma, mesotrophic; Lake Texoma, Oklahoma-Texas, eutrophic; and Normandy Lake, Tennessee, eutrophic). Small nano- and ultraphytoplankton (< 8.0 ..mu..m) and free-living bacteria (< 3.0 ..mu..m) were primarly responsible for planktonic autotrophy and microheterotrophy, respecitvely, even in eutrophic conditions. Zooplankton grazing experiments indicated that (1) most grazing pressure occurs on 3.0 to 8.0 ..mu..m particles, (2) grazer limitation of the occurrence of attached bacteria amd microbial-detrital aggregates is unlikely, and (3) free-living bacteria are inefficiently harvested, relative to algae, by most reservoir zooplankton. Relative to autorophy, the microheterotrophic conversion of allochthonous dissolved organic matter and algal excretion products to bacterial biomass appears unlikely to be a significant source of organic carbon for planktonic grazers in most reservoirs.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Kimmel, B. L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Hydrothermal system in Southern Grass Valley, Pershing County, Nevada
Southern Grass Valley is a fairly typical extensional basin in the Basin and Range province. Leach Hot Springs, in the southern part of the valley, represents the discharge end of an active hydrothermal flow system with an estimated deep aquifer temperature of 163 to 176/sup 0/C. Results of geologic, hydrologic, geophysical and geochemical investigations are discussed in an attempt to construct an internally consistent model of the system.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Welch, A. H.; Sorey, M. L. & Olmsted, F. H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Utility planning. Impact of alternate energies: consumer's side of the meter
Separate abstracts were prepared for 17 papers in this conference proceedings. (LEW)
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Chemicals identified in human biological media: a data base. Third annual report, October 1981
Data from almost 1600 of the 3800 body-burden documents collected to date have been entered in the data base as of October 1981. The emphasis on including recent literature and significant research documents has resulted in a chronological mix of articles from 1974 to the present. When body-burden articles are identified, data are extracted and entered in the data base by chemical and tissue/body fluid. Each data entry comprises a single record (or line entry) and is assigned a record number. If a particular document deals with more than one chemical and/or tissue, there will be multiple records for that document. For example, a study of 5 chemicals in each of 3 tissues has 15 different records (or 15 line entries) in the data base with 15 record numbers. Record numbers are assigned consecutively throughout the entire data base and appear in the upper left corner of the first column for each record.
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Cone, M.V.; Baldauf, M.F. & Martin, F.M. (comps.)
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Managing for success: developing and exploiting international opportunities in geothermal energy
This study is designed to assist the Division of Geothermal Energy (DGE) in deciding what kind of strategy it wants and needs in order to make its international effort as cost-effective and appropriate as possible. The purpose of this study is to construct a logic base on which DGE can, in turn, establish its own strategy for international cooperation, and can begin to plan for necessary organization, procedural and policy reforms. This report will constitute a set of decision guidelines for DGE to consider in determining the nature of future strategy-related reforms. Each chapter asks, and then answers, the question on which it is centered as follows: (1) what are the deficiencies in DGE's current approach; (2) what should an international strategy for DGE ensure; (3) how can an international strategy for DGE be manifested; (4) which strategic model presents the best opportunity now; and (5) how can the recommended alternative be achieved.
Date:
July 1, 1981
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) in the TMX-Upgrade tandem-mirror experiment
Results are described of engineering tests of operation of two gyrotrons from one power supply, tests of waveguide components and antennae, antenna design, and the x-ray shielding concept. Finally, we describe considerations of interaction with other system components.
Date:
October 1, 1981
Creator:
Griffin, D.H.; Rubert, R.R.; Simonen, T.C.; Stallard, B.W. & Wieskamp, T.F.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Nuclear waste-form risk assessment for US Defense waste at Savannah River Plant. Annual report FY 1981
Savannah River Plant has been supporting the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in its present effort to perform risk assessments of alternative waste forms for defense waste. This effort relates to choosing a suitable combination of solid form and geologic medium on the basis of risk of exposure to future generations; therefore, the focus is on post-closure considerations of deep geologic repositories. The waste forms being investigated include borosilicate glass, SYNROC, and others. Geologic media under consideration are bedded salt, basalt, and tuff. The results of our work during FY 1981 are presented in this, our second annual report. The two complementary tasks that comprise our program, analysis of waste-form dissolution and risk assessment, are described.
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Cheung, H.; Edwards, L. L.; Harvey, T. F.; Jackson, D. D. & Revelli, M. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Accomplishments of the Small-Hydro Outreach Program. Final report
In September 1980, the Small-Hydro Outreach Program was established by the US Department of Energy and the California Department of Water Resources to promote and encourage the development of small hydroelectric power projects as a renewable energy resource in California. Projects at existing hydraulic structures were particularly emphasized since they have less potential for adverse effect on the environment. Before the outreach program was established, the task force had compiled a list of potential hydro facilities at existing hydraulic structures. The efforts of the outreach program were first aimed at informing the owners of the potential and development procedures for their sites. When the small hydro rush snowballed in the Spring of 1981, numerous requests for information on small hydro development on free flowing streams where no diversions or hydraulic structures existed were received. The outreach program was modified at that time to consider small hydro projects at both undeveloped and developed sites. The main accomplishments of the outreach program have been the publication of Small-Scale Hydro News, conducting a Small-Scale Hydro Workshop and the distribution of bulletins, reports, and pamphlets to reach over 3000 persons interested in small hydro development.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Pu-238 fuel form activities, January 1-31, 1981
This monthly report for /sup 238/Pu Fuel Form Activities has two main sections: SRP-PuFF facility and SRL Fuel Form Activities. The program status, budget information, and milestone schedules are discussed in each main section. The Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) for this program is shown. Only one monthly report per year is processed for EDB.
Date:
February 1, 1981
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Health and environmental effects of refuse derived fuel (RDF) production and RDF/coal co-firing technologies
Six facilities, representing the scope of different co-firing techniques with their associated RDF production systems were reviewed in detail for combustion equipment, firing modes, emission control systems, residue handling/disposal, and effluent wastewater treatment. These facilities encompass all currently operational or soon to be operational co-firing plants and associated RDF production systems. Occupational health and safety risks for these plants were evaluated on the basis of fatal and nonfatal accidents and disease arising from the respective fuel cycles, coal and RDF. Occupational risks include exposure to pathogenic organisms in the workplace. Unusual events that are life threatening in the RDF processing industry (e.g., explosions) are also discussed and remedial and safety measures reviewed. 80 refs., 4 figs., 30 tabs.
Date:
October 1, 1981
Creator:
O'Toole, J. J.; Wessels, T. E.; Lynch, J. F.; Fassel, V. A.; Lembke, L. L.; Kniseley, R. N. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Understanding radioactive waste
This document contains information on all aspects of radioactive wastes. Facts are presented about radioactive wastes simply, clearly and in an unbiased manner which makes the information readily accessible to the interested public. The contents are as follows: questions and concerns about wastes; atoms and chemistry; radioactivity; kinds of radiation; biological effects of radiation; radiation standards and protection; fission and fission products; the Manhattan Project; defense and development; uses of isotopes and radiation; classification of wastes; spent fuels from nuclear reactors; storage of spent fuel; reprocessing, recycling, and resources; uranium mill tailings; low-level wastes; transportation; methods of handling high-level nuclear wastes; project salt vault; multiple barrier approach; research on waste isolation; legal requiremnts; the national waste management program; societal aspects of radioactive wastes; perspectives; glossary; appendix A (scientific American articles); appendix B (reference material on wastes). (ATT)
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Murray, R.L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
New liquid scintillators for fiber-optic applications
New long-wavelength-emitting, high-speed, liquid scintillators have been developed and tailored specifically for plasma diagnostic experiments employing fiber optics. These scintillators offer significant advantages over commercially available plastic scintillators in terms of sensitivity and bandwidth. FWHM response times as fast as 350 ps have been measured. Emission spectra, time response data, and relative sensitivity information are presented.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Lutz, S. S.; Franks, L. A.; Flournoy, J. M. & Lyons, P. B.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
System component compatibility and R-114 stability. Volume II. Final report
High temperature stability-compatibility studies of R-114 refrigerant and proposed Sperry Geothermal System components were performed. The R-114 refrigerant, geothermal brine, and ten lubricants were tested in the presence of five metals, eight metal alloys, two ceramics, two iron oxides, and twenty-two elastomers in several combinations, temperature levels, and durations. Compatibility experiments of elastomers and non-elastomeric sealants in aqueous solutions and lubricating oils were performed. The development of the downwell packer necessitated the completion of an elastomer formulation development program. The system component material selection and specifications for the pump system are given. The seal material selection for the stand-alone turbine-pump-unit is presented in detail.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Goodson, J. E., Jr.; Nowicki, D. F.; Thibeau, R. J.; Toekes, B. & Wilson, D. P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Investigation of stainless steel clad fuel rod failures and fuel performance in the Connecticut Yankee Reactor. Final report
Significant levels of fuel rod failures were observed in the batch 8 fuel assemblies of the Connecticut Yankee reactor. Failure of 304 stainless steel cladding in a PWR environment was not expected. Therefore a detailed poolside and hot cell examination program was conducted to determine the cause of failure and identify differences between batch 8 fuel and previous batches which had operated without failures. Hot cell work conducted consisted of detailed nondestructive and destructive examination of fuel rods from batches 7 and 8. The results indicate that the batch 8 failure mechanism was stress corrosion cracking initiating on the clad outer surface. The sources of cladding stresses are believed to be (a) fuel pellet chips wedged in the cladding gap, (b) swelling of highly nondensifying batch 8 fuel and (c) potentially harmful effects of a power change event that occurred near the end of the second cycle of irradiation for batch 8.
Date:
November 1, 1981
Creator:
Pasupathi, V. & Klingensmith, R. W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library