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1/2 Sintering of Mullite-Containing Materials: I. Effect of Composition (open access)

1/2 Sintering of Mullite-Containing Materials: I. Effect of Composition

Sintering behavior of mullite-containing powders was studied over a range of chemical compositions (Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/SiO{sub 2} ratio). Densification measurements were made for both liquid phase-containing and solid state systems. Small amounts of liquid phase were observed to have a significant effect on densification rate. A linear relationship was obtained between the percent of theoretical density and the logarithm of time for compositions in the range 73-75 wt% Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}. Currently available models for intermediate stage sintering kinetics were considered to be inadequate for these systems. Grain boundary transport 0r diffusion appeared to be the primary mechanism of densification.
Date: December 1, 1981
Creator: Sacks, Michael D. & Pask, Joseph A.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
20-kW Solar Photovoltaic Flat-Panel Power System for an Uninterruptible Power-System Load in El Paso, Texas. Phase Ii. System Fabrication. Final Report October 1, 1979-May 31, 1981 (open access)

20-kW Solar Photovoltaic Flat-Panel Power System for an Uninterruptible Power-System Load in El Paso, Texas. Phase Ii. System Fabrication. Final Report October 1, 1979-May 31, 1981

The system plans, construction, integration and test, and performance evaluation are discussed for the photovoltaic power supply at the Newman Power Station in El Paso, Texas. The system consists of 64 parallel-connected panels, each panel containing nine series-connected photovoltaic modules. The system is connected, through power monitoring equipment, to an existing DC bus that supplies uninterruptible power to a computer that controls the power generating equipment. The site is described and possible environmental hazards are assessed. Site preparation and the installation of the photovoltaic panels, electrical cabling, and instrumentation subsystems are described. System testing includes initial system checkout, module performance test, control system test. A training program for operators and maintenance personnel is briefly described, including visual aids. Performance data collection and analysis are described, and actual data are compared with a computer simulation. System drawings are included. (LEW)
Date: December 1, 1981
Creator: Risser, V.V.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
ACTIVE: a program to calculate and plot reaction rates from ANISN calculated fluxes (open access)

ACTIVE: a program to calculate and plot reaction rates from ANISN calculated fluxes

The ACTIVE code calculates spatial heating rates, tritium production rates, neutron reaction rates, and energy spectra from particle fluxes calculated by ANISN. ACTIVE has a variety of input options including the capability to plot all calculated spatial distributions. The code was primarily designed for use with fusion first wall/blanket systems, but could be applied to any one-dimensional problem.
Date: December 1, 1981
Creator: Judd, J. L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced research and technology development fossil energy materials program. Quarterly progress report for the period ending September 30, 1981 (open access)

Advanced research and technology development fossil energy materials program. Quarterly progress report for the period ending September 30, 1981

This is the fourth combined quarterly progress report for those projects that are part of the Advanced Research and Technology Development Fossil Energy Materials Program. The objective is to conduct a program of research and development on materials for fossil energy applications with a focus on the longer-term and generic needs of the various fossil fuel technologies. The program includes research aimed toward a better understanding of materials behavior in fossil energy environments and the development of new materials capable of substantial enhancement of plant operations and reliability. Work performed on the program generally falls into the Applied Research and Exploratory Development categories as defined in the DOE Technology Base Review, although basic research and engineering development are also conducted. A substantial portion of the work on the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program is performed by participating cntractor organizations. All subcontractor work is monitored by Program staff members at ORNL and Argonne National Laboratory. This report is organized in accordance with a work breakdown structure defined in the AR and TD Fossil Energy Materials Program Plan for FY 1981 in which projects are organized according to fossil energy technologies. We hope this series of AR and TD Fossil …
Date: December 1, 1981
Creator: Bradley, R.A. (comp.)
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advisory Council for Technical-Vocational Education in Texas Annual Report: 1981 (open access)

Advisory Council for Technical-Vocational Education in Texas Annual Report: 1981

Annual report of the Advisory Council for Technical-Vocational Education in Texas describing goals, activities, and accomplishments during fiscal year 1981.
Date: December 1, 1981
Creator: Advisory Council for Technical-Vocational Education in Texas
Object Type: Report
System: The Portal to Texas History
Aerosols Generated by Free Fall Spills of Powders and Solutions in Static Air (open access)

Aerosols Generated by Free Fall Spills of Powders and Solutions in Static Air

Safety assessments and environmental impact statements for nuclear fuel cycle facilities require an estimation of potential airborne releases. Aerosols generated by accidents are being investigated to develop the source terms for these releases. The lower boundary accidental release event would be a free fall spill of powders or liquids in static air. Experiments measured the mass airborne and particle size distribution of these aerosols for various source sizes and spill heights. Two powder and liquid sources were used: Ti02 and uo2; and aqueous uranine (sodium fluorescein) and uranyl nitrate solutions. Spill height and source size were significant in releases of both powders and liquids. For the source powders used (l "m uo2 and 1.7 "m Ti0 2, quantities from 25 g to 1000 g, and fall heights of 1 m and 3m), the maximum source airborne was 0.12%. The maximum source airborne was an order of magnitude less for the liquids (with source quantities ranging from 125 to 1000 cc at the same fall heights). The median aerodynamic equivalent diameters for collected airborne powder ranged from 6 to 26.5 "m; liquids ranged from 4.1 to 34 "m. All of the spills produced a significant fraction of respirable particles 10 ~m …
Date: December 1, 1981
Creator: Sutter, S. L.; Johnston, J. W. & Mishima, J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Age and location of volcanic centers less than or equal to 3. 0 m. y. old in Arizona, New Mexico, and the Trans-Peco area of West Texas (open access)

Age and location of volcanic centers less than or equal to 3. 0 m. y. old in Arizona, New Mexico, and the Trans-Peco area of West Texas

This map is one of a series of maps designed for hot dry rock geothermal assessment in Arizona, New Mexico, and the Trans-Peco area of the west Texas. The 3.0 m.y. cutoff age was selected because original heat has probably largely dissipated in older rocks. The location of volcanic centers is more important to geothermal resource assessment than the location of their associated volcanic rocks; however, ages have been determined for numerous flows far from their source. Therefore, the distribution of all volcanic rocks less than or equal to 3.0 m.y. old, for which there is at least one determined age, are shown. Location of the volcanic vents and rocks were taken from Luedke and Smith (1978). Ages were obtained from the original literature in all cases except for McKee and others (1974), Silberman and others (1976), Ulrich and McKee (1976), and Wolfe and McKee (1976). The abstract by McKee and others (1974) lists only the ages of various rocks they dated, so locations were taken from Luedke and Smith (1978). The dates of Silberman and others (1976), Ulrich and McKee (1976), and Wolfe and McKee (1976) are taken from written communications cited by Luedke and Smith (1978); therefore, both …
Date: December 1, 1981
Creator: Aldrich, M.J. & Laughlin, A.W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Age, Volume 3, Number 1, December 1, 1981 (open access)

The Age, Volume 3, Number 1, December 1, 1981

Monthly publication containing information related to Chambers County, Texas, including current events of the Chambers County Historical Commission, the Wallisville Heritage Park, and the Chambers County historical and genealogical societies; reprinted newspaper articles about county events and citizens; and historical news and records.
Date: December 1, 1981
Creator: Wallisville Heritage Park (Organization)
Object Type: Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System: The Portal to Texas History
Alaska Open-file Report 144 Assessment of Thermal Springs Sites Aleutian Arc, Atka Island to Becherof Lake -- Preliminary Results and Evaluation (open access)

Alaska Open-file Report 144 Assessment of Thermal Springs Sites Aleutian Arc, Atka Island to Becherof Lake -- Preliminary Results and Evaluation

Twenty of more than 30 thermal spring areas reported to exist in the Aleutian arc extending from Atka Island to Becherof Lake were investigated during July and August, 1980. Thermal activity of three of these sites had diminished substantially or no longer existed. At least seven more sites where thermal-spring activity is probable or certain were not visited because of their remoteness or because of time constraints. The existence of several other reported thermal spring sites could not be verified; these sites are considered questionable. On the basis of geothermometry, subsurface reservoir temperatures in excess of 150 C are estimated for 10 of the thermal spring sites investigated. These sites all occur in or near regions of Recent volcanism. Five of the sites are characterized by fumaroles and steaming ground, indicating the presence of at least a shallow vapor-dominated zone. Two, the Makushin Valley and Glacier Valley thermal areas, occur on the flanks of active Mukushin Volcano located on Unalaska Island, and may be connected to a common source of heat. Gas geothermometry suggests that the reservoir feeding the Kliuchef thermal field, located on the flanks of Kliuchef volcano of northeast Atka Island, may be as high as 239 C.
Date: December 1, 1981
Creator: Motyka, R. J.; Moorman, M. A. & Liss, S. A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 59, No. 288, Ed. 1 Tuesday, December 1, 1981 (open access)

The Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 59, No. 288, Ed. 1 Tuesday, December 1, 1981

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: December 1, 1981
Creator: Gilmore, Robert K.; Hart, Sandra & Hale, Dave
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Aluminum-blade development for the Mod-0A 200-kilowatt wind turbine (open access)

Aluminum-blade development for the Mod-0A 200-kilowatt wind turbine

This report documents the operating experience with two aluminum blades used on the DOE/NASA Mod-0A 200-kilowatt wind turbine located at Clayton, New Mexico. Each Mod-0A aluminum blade is 59.9 feet long and weighs 2360 pounds. The aluminum Mod-0A blade design requirements, the selected design, fabrication procedures, and the blade analyses are discussed. A detailed chronology is presented on the operating experience of the Mod-0A aluminum blades used at Clayton, New Mexico. Blade structural damage was experienced. Inspection and damage assessment were required. Structural modifications that were incorporated to the blades successfully extended the useful operating life of the blades. The aluminum blades completed the planned 2 years of operation of the Clayton wind turbine. The blades were removed from service in August 1980 to allow testing of advanced technology wood composite blades.
Date: December 1, 1981
Creator: Linscott, B. S.; Shaltens, R. K. & Eggers, A. G.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Analyses of mixed-hydrocarbon binary thermodynamic cycles for moderate-temperature geothermal resources using regeneration techniques (open access)

Analyses of mixed-hydrocarbon binary thermodynamic cycles for moderate-temperature geothermal resources using regeneration techniques

Studies of basic binary geothermal cycles utilizing mixtures of hydrocarbons have shown better performance than for pure fluids for a moderate temperature (360/sup 0/F) resource. However, a loss is net geofluid effectiveness (watt-hours net plant output/1bm geofluid) results when the geofluid outlet temperature is limited to temperatures in excess of 160/sup 0/F to alleviate a silica precipitation problem. This study examined three working fluids consisting of binary mixtures of hydrocarbons to see if use of regenerative preheating techniques such as turbine exhaust recupation and/or turbine bleed could recover the loss in geofluid effectiveness for a 160/sup 0/F geofluid outlet temperature. Results showed that with the most promising of the three working fluids a turbine exhaust recuperator alone is sufficient to recover all the lost effectiveness while maintaining the geofluid outlet temperature at 160/sup 0/F. A brief study to investigate cold weather operation with that working fluid, and using the recuperator, showed no major detrimental response of the system; however, silica precipitation may present a problem in extremely cold weather, as the geofluid outlet temperature dropped below 160/sup 0/F for the lowest wet bulb temperatures studied.
Date: December 1, 1981
Creator: Demuth, O. J. & Kochan, R. J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of Flow Data from Several Baca Wells (open access)

Analysis of Flow Data from Several Baca Wells

Analyses are presented of the downhole pressure buildup data for wells located in the Redondo Creek area of the Baca Geothermal Field. The downhole drilling information and pressure/temperature surveys are first interpreted to locate zones at which fluid enters the wellbore from the fractured formation and to estimate the initial reservoir temperature and pressure in these zones. Interpretation of the buildup data for each well considers wellbore effects, the CO{sub 2} content of the fluid and differentiates between the single-phase and two-phase portions of the data. Different straight-line approximations to the two portions of the data on the Horner plot for a flow test yield corresponding estimates for the single and two-phase mobilities. Estimates for the formation kh are made for the wells.
Date: December 1, 1981
Creator: Riney, T. D. & Garg, S. K.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of monazite, zircon, and apatite from the southeastern Piedmont. National uranium resource evaluation program (open access)

Analysis of monazite, zircon, and apatite from the southeastern Piedmont. National uranium resource evaluation program

Two hundred sixty-three monazite, 191 zircon, and 16 apatite grains from 52 stream-sediment locations in the Southeastern Piedmont were analyzed by electron microprobe for one of the following suites of elements: Ca, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Er, Dy, Y, Th, U, P, and F, or Ca, La, Ce, Fe, Er, Hf, Y, Th, U, P, Zr, Mg, Al, and Si. Monazite samples that had high uranium or thorium content and zircon samples that had high hafnium or iron content from a total of six locations were reanalyzed to confirm the initial results. This report contains a description of sample collection and preparation procedures, analytical methods, tables of analyses, and a statistical summary of analyses.
Date: December 1, 1981
Creator: Karfunkel, B S; Fay, W M & Price, V Jr
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of selected surface characteristics and latent heat storage for passive solar space heating (open access)

Analysis of selected surface characteristics and latent heat storage for passive solar space heating

Results are presented of an analysis of the value of various technical improvements in the solar collector and thermal storage subsystems of passive solar residential, agricultural, and industrial systems for two regions of the country. The evaluated improvements are: decreased emissivity and increased absorptivity of absorbing surfaces, decreased reflectivity, and decreased emissivity of glazing surface, and the substitution of sensible heat storage media with phase change materials. The value of each improvement is estimated by the additional energy savings resulting from the improvement.
Date: December 1, 1981
Creator: Fthenakis, V. & Leigh, R.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of the Crush Environment for Lightweight Air-Transportable Accident-Resistant Containers (open access)

Analysis of the Crush Environment for Lightweight Air-Transportable Accident-Resistant Containers

This report describes the longitudinal dynamic crush environment for a Lightweight Air-Transportable Accident-Resistant Container (LAARC, now called PAT-2) that can be used to transport small quantities of radioactive material. The analysis of the crush environment involves evaluation of the forces imposed upon the LAARC package during the crash of a large, heavily loaded, cargo aircraft. To perform the analysis, a cargo load column was defined which consisted of a longitudinal prism of cargo of cross-sectional area equal to the projected area of the radioactive-material package and length equal to the longitudinal extent of the cargo compartment in a commercial cargo jet aircraft. To bound the problem, two analyses of the cargo load column were performed, a static stability analysis and a dynamic analysis. The results of these analyses can be applied to other packaging designs and suggest that the physical limits or magnitude of the longitudinal crush forces, which are controlled in part by the yield strength of the cargo and the package size, are much smaller than previously estimated.
Date: December 1, 1981
Creator: McClure, J.D. & Hartman, W.F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of the October 5, 1979 lithium spill and fire in the Lithium Processing Test Loop (open access)

Analysis of the October 5, 1979 lithium spill and fire in the Lithium Processing Test Loop

On October 5, 1979, the Lithium Processing Test Loop (LPTL) developed a lithium leak in the electromagnetic (EM) pump channel, which damaged the pump, its surrounding support structure, and the underlying floor pan. A thorough analysis of the causes and consequences of the pump failure was conducted by personnel from CEN and several other ANL divisions. Metallurgical analyses of the elliptical pump channel and adjacent piping revealed that there was a significant buildup of iron-rich crystallites and other solid material in the region of the current-carrying bus bars (region of high magnetic field), which may have resulted in a flow restriction that contributed to the deterioration of the channel walls. The location of the failure was in a region of high residual stress (due to cold work produced during channel fabrication); this failure is typical of other cold work/stress-related failures encountered in components operated in forced-circulation lithium loops. Another important result was the isolation of crystals of a compound characterized as Li/sub x/CrN/sub y/. Compounds of this type are believed to be responsible for much of the Fe, Cr, and Ni mass transfer encountered in lithium loops constructed of stainless steel. The importance of nitrogen in the mass-transfer mechanism has …
Date: December 1, 1981
Creator: Maroni, V. A.; Beatty, R. A.; Brown, H. L.; Coleman, L. F.; Foose, R. M.; McPheeters, C. C. et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Aquifer thermal energy storage costs with a seasonal heat source. (open access)

Aquifer thermal energy storage costs with a seasonal heat source.

The cost of energy supplied by an aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) system from a seasonal heat source was investigated. This investigation considers only the storage of energy from a seasonal heat source. Cost estimates are based upon the assumption that all of the energy is stored in the aquifer before delivery to the end user. Costs were estimated for point demand, residential development, and multidistrict city ATES systems using the computer code AQUASTOR which was developed specifically for the economic analysis of ATES systems. In this analysis the cost effect of varying a wide range of technical and economic parameters was examined. Those parameters exhibiting a substantial influence on ATES costs were: cost of purchased thermal energy; cost of capital; source temperature; system size; transmission distance; and aquifer efficiency. ATES-delivered energy costs are compared with the costs of hot water heated by using electric power or fuel-oils. ATES costs are shown as a function of purchased thermal energy. Both the potentially low delivered energy costs available from an ATES system and its strong cost dependence on the cost of purchased thermal energy are shown. Cost components for point demand and multi-district city ATES systems are shown. Capital and thermal …
Date: December 1, 1981
Creator: Reilly, R. W.; Brown, D. R. & Huber, H. D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Assessment of the need for and feasibility of establishing a national reactor engineering simulator facility (open access)

Assessment of the need for and feasibility of establishing a national reactor engineering simulator facility

A study was conducted by the Department of Energy's Office of Nuclear Power Systems to determine the need for and feasibility of establishing a reactor engineering simulator facility at a National Laboratory. Input was obtained from a wide cross section of the Nation's nuclear industry, the Department's National Laboratories, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), and the Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards in carrying out this study. Based on this input, the Department concludes that the proposed facility would not significantly contribute to the capability of the Nation's nuclear industry or the Department to foster research in generic design improvements and simplifications. Furthermore, the Department concludes that such a facility, although it is theoretically feasible, is not practical from an engineering viewpoint, and the significant national effort and expense, which would be required to develop, construct, and operate such a facility, is not justified.
Date: December 1, 1981
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Assessment of the radon concentrations in air caused by emissions from multiple sources in a uranium mining and milling region. A case study of the Ambrosia Lake region of New Mexico (open access)

Assessment of the radon concentrations in air caused by emissions from multiple sources in a uranium mining and milling region. A case study of the Ambrosia Lake region of New Mexico

The Ambrosia Lake uranium mining and milling operations were selected to characterize the relative importance of these sources on ambient atmospheric radon concentrations. All uranium mines at Ambrosia Lake are underground. The comparisons of interest were both between the sources and between the sources and background concentrations. The results show that vents are by far the greatest source of the computed radon concentrations in the immediate area of the operations. The computed radon concentrations at receptor points were largely influenced by the closer sources, rather than by more distant stronger sources. The area where computed radon concentrations significantly exceed the background is confined to the general area around the vents and mills. A comparison between computed radon concentrations and monitoring data at selected points demonstrates order of magnitude agreement.
Date: December 1, 1981
Creator: Droppo, J. G. & Glissmeyer, J. A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Atmospheric effects on solar-cell calibration and evaluation (open access)

Atmospheric effects on solar-cell calibration and evaluation

Results are presented that illustrate atmospheric effects on cell short currents and calibration numbers for silicon, gallium arsenide, and cadmium sulfide cells. Rigorous radiative transfer codes are used in this analysis to illustrate the effects of precipitable water, turbidity, air mass, and global normal irradiance compared with direct normal irradiance on cell performance. Precipitable water is shown to have a relatively large effect on GaAs (5%) as compared to a small effect (2%) on other cells. The quantitative effects of air mass and turbidity are illustrated. It was found that under some atmospheric conditions global calibration methods have a greater dependence on air mass than direct normal calibrations methods.
Date: December 1, 1981
Creator: Bird, R. E. & Hustrom, R. L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Atmospheric sciences division. Annual report, fiscal year 1981 (open access)

Atmospheric sciences division. Annual report, fiscal year 1981

The research activities of the Atmospheric Sciences Division of the Department of Energy and Environment for FY 1981 are presented. Facilities and major items of equipment are described. Research programs are summarized in three categories, modeling, field and laboratory experiments and data management and analysis. Each program is also described individually with title, principal investigator, sponsor and funding levels for FY 1981 and FY 1982. Future plans are summarized. Publications for FY 1981 are listed with abstracts. A list of personnel is included.
Date: December 1, 1981
Creator: Raynor, G.S. (ed.)
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Baytown Sun (Baytown, Tex.), Vol. 60, No. 27, Ed. 1 Tuesday, December 1, 1981 (open access)

The Baytown Sun (Baytown, Tex.), Vol. 60, No. 27, Ed. 1 Tuesday, December 1, 1981

Daily newspaper from Baytown, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: December 1, 1981
Creator: Brown, Leon
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Bond-Strength Studies for 1-Mil-Diameter Gold Wires Bonded to Hybrid Microcircuit Substrates (open access)

Bond-Strength Studies for 1-Mil-Diameter Gold Wires Bonded to Hybrid Microcircuit Substrates

Detailed studies of the failure probability for gold wires bonded to multiplexer substrates under severe acceleration in the W79 artillery shell environments were made. The studies included: the calculated resultant pull forces exerted on the bond joints due to the W79 acceleration environments; the suitability of the loop-hook pull tests and the use of the normal Gaussian distribution theory for statistical description of bond strengths; and the probability of failure for gold wires bonded to multiplexer substrates under artillery shell accelerations using fixed angle pull tests and a Weilbull distribution theory for the statistical description. Preliminary statistical analyses of the bond strength data obtained from the conventional loop-hook pull tests for a multiplexer substrate HMC, have shown that the ball bond is strong enough to withstand the 0.17 gram design limit load due to the W79 gun barrel environments with a very low probability of failure. For the wedge bond, however, the results of a statistical analysis for the bond strength agree with experience which shows that the wedge bonds are generally much weaker than ball bonds in multiplexer substrates, and the probability of failure may be high enough to cause a problem. The degradation of the wedge bond strength …
Date: December 1, 1981
Creator: Kan, Y.R. & Prantil, V.C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library