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Fifth high-energy heavy-ion study (open access)

Fifth high-energy heavy-ion study

This was the fifth of a continuing series of summer studies held at LBL to discuss high energy heavy ion collisions. Recently, a similar meeting has been held on alternate years at GSI (Darmstadt); and, in 1979, we held a meeting at LBL exclusively devoted to ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions. Two new features distinguish this study from earlier meetings in the series. First, the energy range for discussion was broadened by including collisions from about 20 MeV/nucleon to the highest available in the cosmic radiation. The lower range, particularly below 100 MeV/nucleon, will be under intense study in the near future with machines such as the upgraded Bevalac, Michigan State University Superconducting Cyclotron, GANIL in France, and the SC at CERN. Recently, the high energy collision regime has been expanded by the successful operation of the CERN ISR with alpha particles. Second, in addition to an extensive program of invited talks, we decided for the first time to actively solicit contributions. Forty-seven individual items from the conference were prepared separately for the data base. (GHT)
Date: October 1, 1981
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Two-photon physics (open access)

Two-photon physics

A new experimental frontier has recently been opened to the study of two photon processes. The first results of many aspects of these reactions are being presented at this conference. In contrast, the theoretical development of research ito two photon processes has a much longer history. This talk reviews the many different theoretical ideas which provide a detailed framework for our understanding of two photon processes.
Date: October 1, 1981
Creator: Bardeen, W.A.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Characterization of radioactive ion exchange media waste generated at Three Mile Island (open access)

Characterization of radioactive ion exchange media waste generated at Three Mile Island

The March 1979 accident at General Public Utilities Nuclear Corporation (GPUNC) Three Mile Island Nuclear Power Station Unit 2 (TMI-2), resulted in the transfer of more than 1100 m/sup 3/ of contaminated water to the auxiliary and fuel handling building. The principal sources of the water were the makeup and letdown purification system and the containment building sump. The contaminated water was processed through an ion exchange system designated as EPICOR II. The EPICOR-II System is a three-stage process. The contaminated water passes through a first stage of ion exchange media, designated as prefilters, and then through the second and third stages, designated as demineralizers. The majority of the activity was deposited in the first-stage prefilters, which have a maximum administrative loading limit of 1300 curies. The predominant radionuclides present in the prefilters are cesium and strontium.
Date: October 1, 1981
Creator: Runion, T. C.; Holzworth, R. E.; Ogle, R. E.; Burton, H. M. & Bixby, W. W.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Economics of geothermal direct-heat applications (open access)

Economics of geothermal direct-heat applications

Cost and production data from five commercial-scale geothermal direct-heat application projects are reviewed. Unit costs of geothermal energy under a variety of assumptions about production levels, costs, tax treatment, financial structure, and cost of capital are calculated and compared to prices of conventional fuels which would be displaced over the life of a geothermal project. Geothermal energy is found to be less costly than distillate fuel oil for all cases examined and cheaper than natural gas in many cases.
Date: October 1, 1981
Creator: Hederman, W.F. Jr. & Cohen, L.A.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Review of induction LINACS (open access)

Review of induction LINACS

There has been a recent upsurge of activity in the field of induction linacs, with several new machines becoming operational and others in the design stages. The performance levels of electron machines have reached 10's of kiloamps of current and will soon reach 10's of MeV's of energy. Acceleration of ion current has been demonstrated, and the study of a 10 GeV heavy ion induction linac for ICF continues. The operating principles of induction linacs are reviewed with the emphasis on design choices which are important for increasing the maximum beam currents.
Date: October 1, 1981
Creator: Faltens, A. & Keefe, D.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) in the TMX-Upgrade tandem-mirror experiment (open access)

Electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) in the TMX-Upgrade tandem-mirror experiment

Results are described of engineering tests of operation of two gyrotrons from one power supply, tests of waveguide components and antennae, antenna design, and the x-ray shielding concept. Finally, we describe considerations of interaction with other system components.
Date: October 1, 1981
Creator: Griffin, D.H.; Rubert, R.R.; Simonen, T.C.; Stallard, B.W. & Wieskamp, T.F.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Health and environmental effects of refuse derived fuel (RDF) production and RDF/coal co-firing technologies (open access)

Health and environmental effects of refuse derived fuel (RDF) production and RDF/coal co-firing technologies

Six facilities, representing the scope of different co-firing techniques with their associated RDF production systems were reviewed in detail for combustion equipment, firing modes, emission control systems, residue handling/disposal, and effluent wastewater treatment. These facilities encompass all currently operational or soon to be operational co-firing plants and associated RDF production systems. Occupational health and safety risks for these plants were evaluated on the basis of fatal and nonfatal accidents and disease arising from the respective fuel cycles, coal and RDF. Occupational risks include exposure to pathogenic organisms in the workplace. Unusual events that are life threatening in the RDF processing industry (e.g., explosions) are also discussed and remedial and safety measures reviewed. 80 refs., 4 figs., 30 tabs.
Date: October 1, 1981
Creator: O'Toole, J. J.; Wessels, T. E.; Lynch, J. F.; Fassel, V. A.; Lembke, L. L.; Kniseley, R. N. et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Precision programmable bipolar V/f instrumentation module (open access)

Precision programmable bipolar V/f instrumentation module

A precision bipolar voltage-to-frequency converter, which is computer-programmable from a digital interface, has been produced. Utilizing NIM packaging, the 1 MHz V/f has sixteen ranges and may be operated from panel controls as well as remotely programmed. Intended for use in magnetic measurements, good performance and versatility suggest wider application. The instrument is described and the circuit design is discussed in detail. Tests of the first unit are discussed and instrument specifications are given.
Date: October 1, 1981
Creator: Hearn, W. E.; Green, M. I.; Nelson, D. H. & Rondeau, D. J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
500-kW DCHX pilot-plant evaluation testing (open access)

500-kW DCHX pilot-plant evaluation testing

Field tests with the 500 kW Direct Contact Pilot Plant were conducted utilizing brine from well Mesa 6-2. The tests were intended to develop comprehensive performance data, design criteria, and economic factors for the direct contact power plant. The tests were conducted in two phases. The first test phase was to determine specific component performance of the DCHX, turbine, condensers and pumps, and to evaluate chemical mass balances of non-condensible gases in the IC/sub 4/ loop and IC/sub 4/ in the brine stream. The second test phase was to provide a longer term run at nearly fixed operating conditions in order to evaluate plant performance and identify operating cost data for the pilot plant. During these tests the total accumulated run time on major system components exceeded 1180 hours with 777 hours on the turbine prime mover. Direct contact heat exchanger performance exceeded the design prediction.
Date: October 1, 1981
Creator: Hlinak, A.; Lee, T.; Loback, J.; Nichols, K.; Olander, R.; Oshmyansky, S. et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Correlation theory applied to the static and dynamic properties of EuO and EuS (open access)

Correlation theory applied to the static and dynamic properties of EuO and EuS

The paramagnetic scattering was recently measured for EuO. It was found that spin-wave-like excitations develop for wave vectors approaching the zone boundary. The spectrum was found to be well described by damped harmonic oscillators (also called the two-pole-approximation). This approximation was used previously in the correlation theory primarily to calculate static properties. Selfconsistent dynamic and static calculations have been performed for EuO, which is an ideal Heisenberg magnet with significant second nearest neighbor interaction (J/sub 2/ = J/sub 1/5). The two-pole approximation describes accurately the correlation range, the static susceptibility and the qualitative behavior of the dynamic properties (i.e., the wave vector at which peaks appear in the spectrum as a function of temperature). However, in order to also obtain the correct frequency scale it is necessary to use a cut-off of the spectrum at high frequencies, which cannot be seen experimentally, but which significantly influences the frequency moments. It was found that the finite J/sub 2/ has significant importance for a comparison between theory and experiment. It is concluded that the calculation for a simple cubic n.n. magnet by Hubbard does not describe the EuO data accurately, neither with respect to lineshape nor frequency scale. Significant differences are to …
Date: October 1, 1981
Creator: Lindgard, P.A.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Cell-module and fuel-conditioner development. 8th quarterly report, July-September 1981 (open access)

Cell-module and fuel-conditioner development. 8th quarterly report, July-September 1981

Progress on the second Phase of a six Phase program to develop commercially viable on-site integrated energy systems (OS/IES) using phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) modules to convert fuel to electricity is reported. Phase II is a planned two year effort to develop appropriate fuel cell module and fuel conditioner conceptual designs. The fuel cell module development effort comprises three coordinated tasks: (1) design of large cell stacks; (2) stack fabrication; and (3) stack testing. The results of pretesting and performance testing of Stack 564 are reported. The pretesting was done in the new 2 kW loop at ERC. The design features, progress in fabrication and plans for assembly of Stack 800 are given. The status of endurance testing of Stack 560 is reported. The design, fabrication, test procedures and preliminary tests of the 10 kW counterflow reformer and the reformer test stand are described. Results of vendor contacts to define the performance and cost of fuel conditioning system components are reported, and the results of burner tests and continuing development of the BOLTAR program are reported. (WHK)
Date: October 1, 1981
Creator: Hoover, Jr., D. Q.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Use of additional fission sources or scattering sources to model inward axial leakages in fast-reactor analysis (open access)

Use of additional fission sources or scattering sources to model inward axial leakages in fast-reactor analysis

When calculations of flux are done in less than three dimensions, bucklings are normally used to model leakages (flows) in the dimensions for which the flux is not calculated. If the net leakage for a given energy group is outward (positive), the buckling is positive, and buckling methods work well. However, if the new leakage for a given energy group is inward (negative), the buckling is negative and can lead to numerical instabilities (oscillations in the iterative flux calculation). This report discusses two equivalent nonbuckling methods to model inward leakages. One method (the chi/sub g/ method) models these incoming neutrons by additional fission sources. The other method (the ..sigma../sub s/(1 ..-->.. g) method) models them by increased downscatter sources. The derivation of the two methods is shown, and the flux spectra obtained by their use are compared with those obtained from two-dimensional (RZ) calculations.
Date: October 1, 1981
Creator: Grimm, K. N. & Meneghetti, D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Development and testing of regenerable hot-coal-gas desulfurization sorbents (open access)

Development and testing of regenerable hot-coal-gas desulfurization sorbents

Investigations over several years at the Morgantown Energy Technology Center have been concerned with the development of a regenerable metal oxide desulfurization sorbent which would function on hot coal-derived fuel gas. In the latest phase of testing, a combination of zinc oxide with iron oxide as zinc ferrite has produced a sorbent which has demonstrated regenerability and capability of removing sulfur from simulated hot coal gas to a level of 1 to 10 ppM by volume. The principal finding at this stage of the project is that the compound zinc ferrite and also iron oxide containing some zinc ferrite have hydrogen sulfide absorption performances very similar to those of zinc oxide. Extruded sorbents made from these compounds have been demonstrated to perform with varying ability in the temperature range 800/sup 0/F (427/sup 0/C) to 1400/sup 0/F (760/sup 0/C) at a space velocity of 2000 hourly and a hydrogen sulfide concentration of 2.7 percent. They have also been shown to be regenerable with a 50/50 percent v/v steam-air mixture at 1000/sup 0/F (538/sup 0/C) and 600 hourly space velocity with no loss of absorptive power. Both zinc ferrite and zinc oxide appear to perform optimally in the middle of the temperature …
Date: October 1, 1981
Creator: Grindley, T. & Steinfeld, G.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
nu. N,. mu. N interactions: structure functions, higher twist (open access)

nu. N,. mu. N interactions: structure functions, higher twist

Data on deep inelastic scattering of leptons by nucleons and nuclei have been accumulated for several years. Results exist from several experiments with electron, muon, neutrino beams. In this talk I shall review the most recent experiments which measured nucleon structure functions with ..nu.. and ..mu.. beams. In particular, I will summarize the results on R = sigma/sub L//sigma/sub T/ measurement, on F/sub 2/(x,Q/sup 2/), and xF/sub 3/(x,Q/sup 2/), and their interpretation in terms of QCD, including both gluon radiation and higher twist phenomena.
Date: October 1, 1981
Creator: Matteuzzi, C.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Environmental monitoring program for DOE Middlesex, New Jersey site (open access)

Environmental monitoring program for DOE Middlesex, New Jersey site

The Middlesex Sampling Plant Site (MSPS) is a United States Department of Energy (DOE) owned facility formerly used for processing and storage of radioactive materials, and currently utilized for interim storage of low level radioactive residues resulting from the cleanup of surrounding properties. The site occupies 9.61 acres of industrial property at 239 Mountain Avenue in the Borough of Middlesex, New Jersey. As a result of work done at the site from 1943 to 1955, in processing uranium and thorium ores and concentrates, the site, as well as a number of properties in the vicinity, has been contaminated with radioactive residues. The purpose of this report is to describe environmental surveillance/monitoring programs previously and currently conducted at the MSPS. This information will be essential for interpretation of current data, and for developing and implementing future monitoring programs at the site. The program of environmental monitoring is divided into two phases: (1) routine long-term surveillance and (2) non-routine monitoring during remedial action. In the pre-remedial action period and during the time following remedial work, only routine surveillance of the site is necessary to ensure against contamination of offsite areas. While decontamination work is actually in progress, several changes in surveillance strategy …
Date: October 1, 1981
Creator: Poff, T.A.; Brown, J.A. & Ficker, C.F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Wyoming State Briefing Book for low-level radioactive waste management (open access)

Wyoming State Briefing Book for low-level radioactive waste management

The Wyoming State Briefing Book is one of a series of state briefing books on low-level radioactive waste management practices. It has been prepared to assist state and federal agency officials in planning for safe low-level radioactive waste disposal. The report contains a profile of low-level radioactive waste generators in Wyoming. The profile is the result of a survey of NRC licensees in Wyoming. The briefing book also contains a comprehensive assessment of low-level radioactive waste management issues and concerns as defined by all major interested parties including industry, government, the media, and interest groups. The assessment was developed through personal communications with representatives of interested parties, and through a review of media sources. Lastly, the briefing book provides demographic and socioeconomic data and a discussion of relevant government agencies and activities, all of which may impact waste management practices in Wyoming.
Date: October 1, 1981
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Modification of Doublet III to a large Dee facility (open access)

Modification of Doublet III to a large Dee facility

The Doublet III facility represents a unique opportunity to convert an existing device to a powerful test bed for FED design and operation issues. Such a conversion is made possible by virtue of the demountability of the devices toroidal field coils. Doublet III can be partially disassembled then reassembled with a large dee-shaped vacuum vessel and associated poloidal coils and structure. Doublet III presently possesses or is acquiring adequate auxiliary heating (14 MW of neutral beams and 2 MW of ECH), stored energy (3 GJ), and power conversion equipment (some added field shaping power equipment is required) to support large dee, reactor-level, plasma experiments. The only modifications required of the device are those directly caused by installing a larger vessel - the vessel itself (and its internal protection system); poloidal field coils that interfere with the larger vessel; and a support system for the new vessel and coils.
Date: October 1, 1981
Creator: Davis, L. G. & Rawls, J. M.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Light-stable-isotope studies of spring and thermal waters from the Roosevelt Hot Springs and Cove Fort/Sulphurdale Thermal areas and of clay minerals from the Roosevelt Hot Springs thermal area (open access)

Light-stable-isotope studies of spring and thermal waters from the Roosevelt Hot Springs and Cove Fort/Sulphurdale Thermal areas and of clay minerals from the Roosevelt Hot Springs thermal area

The isotopic compositions of hydrogen and oxygen have been determined for spring waters and thermal fluids from the Roosevelt Hot Springs and Cove Fort-Sulphurdale thermal areas, for clay mineral separates from shallow alteration of the acid-sulfate type in the Roosevelt Hot Springs area, and for spring and well waters from the Goshen Valley area of central Utah. The water analyses in the Roosevelt Hot Springs thermal area confirm the origin of the thermal fluids from meteoric water in the Mineral Range. The water analyses in the Cove Fort-Sulphurdale thermal area restrict recharge areas for this system to the upper elevations of the Pavant and/or Tushar Ranges. The low /sup 18/O shift observed in these thermal fluids (+0.7 permil) implies either high water/rock ratios or incomplete isotope exchange or both, and further suggests minimal interaction between the thermal fluid and marble country rock in the system. Hydrogen and oxygen-isotope data for clay mineral separates from shallow alteration zones in the Roosevelt Hot Springs thermal system suggest that the fluids responsible for the shallow acid-sulfate alteration were in part derived from condensed steam produced by boiling of the deep reservoir fluid. The isotope evidence supports the chemical model proposed by Parry et …
Date: October 1, 1981
Creator: Bowman, J.R. & Rohrs, D.T.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Puerto Rico State Briefing Book for low-level radioactive waste management (open access)

Puerto Rico State Briefing Book for low-level radioactive waste management

The Puerto Rico State Briefing Book is one of a series of state briefing books on low-level radioactive waste management practices. It has been prepared to assist state and federal agency officials in planning for safe low-level radioactive waste disposal. The report contains a profile of low-level radioactive waste generators in Puerto Rico. The profile is the result of a survey of NRC licensees in Puerto Rico. The briefing book also contains a comprehensive assessment of low-level radioactive waste management issues and concerns as defined by all major interested parties including industry, government, the media, and interest groups. The assessment was developed through personal communications with representatives of interested parties, and through a review of media sources. Lastly, the briefing book provides demographic and socioeconomic data and a discussion of relevant government agencies and activities, all of which may impact waste management practices in Puerto Rico.
Date: October 1, 1981
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
LOCA simulation in the NRU reactor: materials test-1 (open access)

LOCA simulation in the NRU reactor: materials test-1

A simulated loss-of-coolant accident was performed with a full-length test bundle of pressurized water reactor fuel rods. This second experiment of the program produced peak fuel cladding temperatures of 1148K (1607/sup 0/F) and resulted in six ruptured fuel rods. Test data and initial results from the experiment are presented here in the form of photographs and graphical summaries. These results are also compared with the preceding prototypic thermal-hydraulic test results and with computer model test predictions.
Date: October 1, 1981
Creator: Russcher, G. E.; Marshall, R. K.; Hesson, G. M.; Wildung, N. J. & Rausch, W. N.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
District heating system, College Industrial Park, Klamath Falls, Oregon (open access)

District heating system, College Industrial Park, Klamath Falls, Oregon

The College Industrial Park (CIP) is located to the northwest of the Oregon Institute of Technology (OIT) campus. Waste water from the OIT campus geothermal heating system flows through an open ditch to the south of the Park. Being aware of this, city personnel have requested the Geo-Heat Center design a distribution network for the Park to eventually utilize an estimated 600 GPM of the 130/sup 0/F waste water. Geothermal water from each campus building is discharged into storm drains which also collect surface run off from parking lots, roofs and grounds. Waste water temperatures are generally between 120/sup 0/F and 130/sup 0/F, however, it may drop as low as 90/sup 0/F when mixing occurs with large amounts of surface run off. Peak heating load requirements for the OIT campus are estimated to be 17.8 x 10/sup 6/ Btu/hour for 567,000 square feet of space. Peak flow rate of geothermal fluid to satisfy this load is then 593 GPM based on a net 60/sup 0/F temperature differential. Three wells are available to supply the necessary flow. A Lithium-Bromide Absorption Chiller (185 ton) was installed in 1980 to provide space cooling. The chiller requires a constant flow rate of 550 GPM …
Date: October 1, 1981
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Rosewood Plantation project: a summary report (open access)

Rosewood Plantation project: a summary report

Rosewood Plantation, a multifamily condominium development located in north Atlanta, Georgia combined various energy conserving and passive solar features. Interviews with both the project architect and the developer to get their views on the condominium project in retrospect, to gain a sense of their plans to apply energy conservation and passive solar techniques to other developments, and to discuss their views of the market for passive solar in multifamily developments are summarized. Included in appendices are: thermal performance-winter 1980-1981, site plan, monthly energy consumption graph, and floor plans and photographs. (MHR)
Date: October 1, 1981
Creator: Porter, C. B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Monte Carlo calculations of the optical coupling between bismuth germanate crystals and photomultiplier tubes (open access)

Monte Carlo calculations of the optical coupling between bismuth germanate crystals and photomultiplier tubes

The high density and atomic number of bismuth germanate (Bi/sub 4/Ge/sub 3/O/sub 12/ or BGO) make it a very useful detector for positron emission tomography. Modern tomograph designs use large numbers of small, closely-packed crystals for high spatial resolution and high sensitivity. However, the low light output, the high refractive index (n=2.15), and the need for accurate timing make it important to optimize the transfer of light to the photomultiplier tube (PMT). We describe the results of a Monte Carlo computer program developed to study the effect of crystal shape, reflector type, and the refractive index of the PMT window on coupling efficiency. The program simulates total internal, external, and Fresnel reflection as well as internal absorption and scattering by bubbles.
Date: October 1, 1981
Creator: Derenzo, S.E. & Riles, J.K.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Engineering assessment of inactive uranium mill tailings: Monument Valley Site, Monument Valley, Arizona (open access)

Engineering assessment of inactive uranium mill tailings: Monument Valley Site, Monument Valley, Arizona

Ford, Bacon and Davis Utah Inc. has reevalated the Monument Valley site in order to revise the March 1977 engineering assessment of the problems resulting from the existence of radioactive uranium mill tailings at Monument Valley, Arizona. This engineering assessment has included the preparation of topographic maps, the performance of core drillings and radiometric measurements sufficient to determine areas and volumes of tailings and radiation exposure of individuals and nearby populations, the investigations of site hydrology and meteorology, and the evaluation and costing of alternative corrective actions. Radon gas released from the 1.1 million tons of tailings at the Monument Valley site constitutes the most significant environmental impact, although windblown tailings and external gamma radiation also are factors. The four alternative actions presented in this engineering assessment range from millsite decontamination with the addition of 3 m of stabilization cover material (Option I), to removal of the tailings to remote disposal sites and decontamination of the tailings site (Options II through IV). Cost estimates for the four options range from about $6,600,000 for stabilization in-place, to about $15,900,000 for disposal at a distance of about 15 mi. Three principal alternatives for reprocessing the Monument Valley tailings were examined: heap leaching; …
Date: October 1, 1981
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library