Photograph used for a story in the Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Caption: "Jerry Jennings, left and her daughter, Christy J. Robertson, survey a plains landscape that will become a party setting Tuesday when the touring cast of 'Oklahoma!' is entertained at a party at the Bill Jennings Farm hosted by Penn Square bank."

Ion beam phase space is frequently modeled with a simple theory having a few parameters; for example, the Kapchinskii-Vladimirskii (K-V) equations. For a real beam the normalized phase-space density par. delta/sup 2/i/par. delta x par. delta in one transverse plane x, averaged over the other plane y, is usually far from that of a K-V distribution. We develop a simple theory based on plasma ion temperature that under some conditions gives a good description of the measured emittance of our H/sup -/ ion beam at about 15 keV.

The DRI Quarterly Macro Model is used to forecast final demands and simulate the base case for the Supply Constrained Analysis Modeling (SCAM) system. As in other commercially available macroeconomic forecasting models, the only expectations formulation used in the DRI Macro Model is adaptive in nature and is estimated with historical data. This is inadequate in modeling short-term major changes in consumption behavior, for example, panic buying of gasoline, when there is a supply shortfall in petroleum. This report describes alternatives to using the DRI Macro Model to estimate the macroeconomic impacts in the SCAM system. The possibility of using models that incorporate the rational expectations formulation was investigated, as was the possibility of modifying the DRI model to better capture short-run consumption behavior. It is suggested that in the absence a good commercially available rational expectations macroeconomic model, the modification of the DRI Macro Model would have the lowest resource cost in terms of person- and computer-hours spent.

The technical and economic attractiveness of combined photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) solar energy collectors was evaluated. The study was limited to flat-plate collectors since concentrating photovoltaic collectors require active cooling and thus are inherently PV/T collectors, the only decision being whether to use the thermal energy or to dump it. it was also specified at the outset that reduction in required roof area was not to be used as an argument for combining the collection of thermal and electrical energy into one module. Three tests of economic viability were identified, all of which PV/T must pass if it is to be considered a promising alternative: PV/T must prove to be competitive with photovoltaic-only, thermal-only, and side-by-side photovoltaic-plus-thermal collectors and systems. These three tests were applied to systems using low-temperature (unglazed) collectors and to systems using medium-temperature (glazed) collectors in Los Angeles, New York, and Tampa. For photovoltaics, the 1986 DOE cost goals were assumed to have been realized, and for thermal energy collection two technologies were considered: a current technology based on metal and glass, and a future technology based on thin-film plastics. The study showed that for medium-temperature applications PV/T is not an attractive option in any of the locations studied. …

A preliminary assessment is made to show that canisters fabricated of nickel-iron alloys, and surrounded by a suitable backfill, may produce an engineered barrier where the canister material is thermodynamically stable with respect to its environment. As similar conditions exist in nature, the performance of such systems as barriers to isolate radionuclides can be predicted over very long periods, of the order of 10/sup 6/ years.

The preliminary design and performance characteristics are described of the 20 MWt heat recovery and seed recovery (HRSR) system to be fabricated, installed, and evaluated to provide a technological basis for the design of commercial size HRSR systems for coal-fired open-cycle MHD power plants. The system description and heat and material balances, equipment description and functional requirements, controls, interfacing systems, and operation and maintenance are detailed. Appendices include: (1) recommended environmental requirements for compliance with federal and state of Tennessee regulations, (2) channel and diffuser simulator, (3) equipment arrangement drawings, and (4) channel and diffuser simulator barrel drawings. (WHK)

Recent progress was achieved in refining and generalizing the methods previously developed for treating the stable crack growth problem, with particular attention to the approximate asymptotic solution of Rice, Drugan and Sham for stress and deformation fields near the tip of a growing crack. The microstructural aspects of ductile fracture were studied in dual-phase steels and high-strength 4340 steels. Very interesting results were obtained in the work on hydrogen effects in steels. In medium strength steels, the ductility-reducing effect of hydrogen is tentatively attributed to the accumulation of hydrogen at internal interfaces with a resulting loss in the resistance to interfacial separation. Extension of Needleman and Rice's work on the growth of cavities at elevated temperatures to the investigation of the effects of triaxial stressing relates the rate of void growth by grain boundary diffusion and dislocation creep to the triaxiality. It provides a good model to analyze the growth of macro-cracks in polycrystals by the mechanisms of growth and coalescence of micro-voids.

Composition changes were measured near the irradiated surfaces of binary Ni-based alloys during He and Kr irradiations using high-resolution Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS). For the He irradiation, backscattered ions from the beam that was employed for the production of defects were used for simultaneous RBS analysis of the near-surface composition. These in-situ measurements of composition changes during irradiation at elevated temperature provide quantitative information on the kinetics of RIS. This paper demonstrates the use of the in-situ RBS technique to measure RIS in different alloys and show examples of the type of kinetic information that can be obtained. The versatility of the technique is demonstrated by presenting results on alloys for which the solute atomic mass is greater than (Ni-Ge), less than (Ni-Si), and nearly the same as (Cu-Ni) that of the host atoms. RIS results obtained for Kr and He irradiations of Ni-Si are also compared to illustrate the effect of the different primary recoil spectra on the kinetics of RIS.

It is currently well established that the fast self-diffusion which occurs along grain boundaries (GBs) in metals must occur by a point defect exchange mechanism. For example, it is known that rapid GB diffusion can transport a net current of atoms along GBs during both sintering and diffusional creep, and that the two species in a binary substitutional alloy diffuse at different rates in GBs. However, it has not been possible to establish firmly whether the defect mechanism involves the exchange of atoms with vacancy or interstitial point defects. It has been suspected that the vacancy exchange mechanism must apply but it has been difficult to prove this hypothesis because of a lack of detailed information at the atomistic level. The results are presented of an effort to establish the GB self-diffusion mechanism in a bcc iron ..sigma.. = 5 (36.9/sup 0/) (001) (310) tilt boundary using the combined methods of computer molecular statics and molecular dynamics simulation.

Chemical reactions of radionuclides with geologic materials found in Columbia River basalt formations were studied. The objective was to determine the ability of these formations to retard radionuclide migration from a radioactive waste repository located in deep basalt. Reactions that can influence migration are precipitation, ion-exchange, complexation, and oxidation-reduction. These reactions were studied by measuring the effects of groundwater composition and redox potential (Eh) on radionuclide sorption on fresh basalt surfaces, a naturally altered basalt, and a sample of secondary minerals associated with a Columbia River basalt flow. In addition, radionuclide sorption isotherms were measured for these materials and reaction kinetics were determined. The radionuclides studied were /sup 137/Cs, /sup 85/Sr, /sup 75/Se, /sup 95m/Tc, /sup 237/Np, /sup 241/Am, /sup 226/Ra and /sup 237/Pu. The Freundlich equation accurately describes the isotherms when precipitation of radionuclides does not occur. In general, sorption increased in the order: basalt < altered basalt < secondary minerals. This increase in sorption corresponds to increasing surface area and cation exchange capacity. The Eh of the system had a large effect on technetium, plutonium, and neptunium sorption. Technetium(VII), Pu(VI), and Np(V) are reduced to Tc(IV), Pu(IV), and Np(IV), respectively, under Eh conditions expected in deep basalt formations. …

Data are presented on the application of ion cyclotron resonance RF power to preionization in tokamaks. We applied 0.3-3 kW at 12 MHz to hydrogen and obtained a visible discharge, but found no scaling of breakdown voltage with any parameter we were able to vary. A possible explanation for this, which implies that higher RF power would have been much more effective, is discussed. Finally, we present our investigation of the dV/dt dependence of breakdown voltage in PRETEXT, a phenomenon also seen in JFT-2. The breakdown is discussed in terms of the physics of Townsend discharges.

A two stage approach to reducing residential water heating bills is described. In Stage I, simple conservation measures were included to reduce the daily hot water energy consumption and the energy losses from the water tank. Once these savings are achieved, Stage II considers more costly options for further reducing the water heating bill. Four alternatives are considered in Stage II: gas water heaters; solar water heaters (two types); heat pump water heaters; and heat recovery from a heat pump or air conditioner. To account for variations within the MASEC region, information on water heating in Rapid City, Minneapolis, Chicago, Detroit, and Kansas City is presented in detail. Information on geography, major population centers, fuel prices, climate, and state solar incentives is covered. (MCW)

Daily newspaper from Lawton, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.

This report is intended to assist the owner or operator of a parabolic trough solar collector system to decide on a cleaning strategy (equipment, materials, procedures, and schedules). The guidelines are based on information obtained in past research studies, as well as interviews with vendors and users of cleaning and water treatment equipment. The basic procedure recommended utilizes high pressure portable washing equipment. However, since the cleaning problem is so site-specific, no single, detailed approach can be specified. A systematic procedure for evaluating the particular requirements of a site is therefore given. This will allow the solar energy system operator to develop a cleaning strategy which is cost-effective because it is suited to local conditions.

The theoretical model described predicts the temperature, pressure, dynamic dryness fraction, and void fraction along the vertical channel of two-phase flow. The existing data from operating wells indicate good agreement with the model. (MHR)

A comparative analysis of solar thermal concepts that are potentially suitable for development as large process heat systems (50 to 600 MWt) was performed. The concepts considered can be classified into three categories based on the type of solar tracking used by the collector: (1) two-axis tracking, in which concentrators track the sun's motion in both azimuth and altitude; (2) one-axis tracking, in which concentrators track changes in either azimuth or altitude; and (3) non-tracking, in which the concentrators are fixed. Seven generic types of collectors were considered. Conceptual designs developed for the seven systems were based on common assumptions of available technology in the 1990 to 2000 time frame. Costs were estimated on the basis of identical assumptions, ground rules, methodologies, and unit costs of materials and labor applied uniformly to all of the concepts.

A two-dimensional transient model of fault-charged hydrothermal systems has been developed. The model can be used to analyze temperature data from fault-charged hydrothermal systems, estimate the recharge rate from the fault, and determine how long the system has been under natural development. The model can also be used for theoretical studies of the development of fault-controlled hydrothermal systems. The model has been tentatively applied to the low-temperature hydrothermal system at Susanville, California. A resonable match was obtained with the observed temperature data, and a hot water recharge rate of 9 x 10{sup -6} m{sup 3}s/m was calculated.

Numerical simulation methods are used to study how the exploitation of different horizons affects the behavior of a liquid-dominated geothermal reservoir. The reservoir model is a schematic representation of the Olkaria field in Kenya. The model consists of a two-phase vapor-dominated zone overlying the main liquid dominated reservoir. Four different cases were studied, with fluid produced from: 1) the vapor zone only, 2) the liquid zone only, 3) both zones and 4) both zones, but assuming lower values for vertical permeability and porosity. The results indicate that production from the shallow two-phase zone, although resulting in higher enthalpy fluids, may not be advantageous in the long run. Shallow production gives rise to a rather localized depletion of the reservoir, whereas production from deeper horizons may yield a more uniform depletion proces, if vertical permeability is sufficiently large.

The task activities relating to the Houston house, including problems, constructive comments, and successes, are described. Included in appendices are: cost data, methodology for ranking cities, house information sheet, thermal performance analysis, architectural information release, press releases and news clippings, and house pictures. One appendix was abstracted separately. (MHR)

Details of a proposed sample design for the 1980 Commercial and Multifamily Building Energy Performance Survey are presented. The objective of the survey is to assess the extent to which new building design practices comply with the proposed 1980 Energy Budget Levels for Commercial and Multifamily Residential Building Designs (DEB/sub 80/). The procedure will be to: identify a small number of building types which account for the majority of commercial buildings constructed in the U.S.A.; conduct a separate survey for each building type; and include only buildings designed during 1980. For each building in the survey, the Design Energy Consumption (DEC/sub 80/) will be determined by the DOE2.1 computer program. The quantity X = (DEC/sub 80/ - DEB/sub 80/), will be calculated for each building as a measure of its compliance with DEB/sub 80/. These X quantities will then be used to compute sample statistics. Inferences about nationwide compliance with DEB/sub 80/ may then be made for each building type. This report provides details of the population, sampling frame, stratification, sample size, and implementation of the sampling plan.

A single elastomer high voltage dielectric provides low inductance interconnection of capacitors, railgaps, and vacuum load. It complies against conductors to prevent tracking. Operation below a threshold breakdown field provides long lifetime.

Results from the FY-81 research confirmed earlier findings that aquatic plants can accumulate elements from geothermal water. productivity results for cattail and bulrush were promising considering the fact that FY-81 was the first year for the outdoor system, and that the wetland was not planted until June. Objectives of the FY-82 research will be to determine productivity and water purification values for a full growing season. These objectives will be accomplished by: (1) using a mass balance approach to evaluate the movement of chemicals within and through the geothermal wetland system; (2) determining biomass production rates using the permanent reference quadrat (standing crop) technique; (3) determining the effect of retention time on water quality; (4) determining accumulation factors for the plants grown in the geothermal water; and (5) evaluating the algae at Raft River for its potential as a bioaccumulator, biomass producer, and feedstock for energy conversion.

The US Department of Energy (DOE) initiated the Liquid Metal Fast Breeder (LMFBR) Conceptual Design Study (CDS) with the objective of maintaining a viable breeder option. The project is scheduled to be completed in FY-1981 but decisions regarding plant construction will be delayed until at least 1985. This report provides a review of the potential environmental and safety engineering concerns for the CDS and recommends specific action for the Environmental and Safety Engineering Division of DOE.

Large momentum transfer exclusive processes and the short distance structure of hadronic wave functions can be systematically analyzed within the context of perturbative QCD. Predictions for meson form factors, two-photon processes ..gamma gamma.. ..-->.. M anti M, hadronic decays of heavy quark systems, and a number of other related QCD phenomena are reviewed.