This report summarizes tasks performed during entry 4 at Three Mile Island Unit 2. During the entry into containment, which was made on November 13, 1980, additional beta and gamma surveys were conducted to supplement data acquired on previous entries. A decontamination test was completed on Elevation 305. Power receptables tested on Elevation 305 were deenergized, but receptacles on Elevation 347 were energized. Still photography was acquired of Elevations 305 and 347. During the entry, 86 still photographs were taken. Videotaping (color and black and white) was done on Elevations 305 and 347, but lighting on both elevations was insufficient for high-quality video.

Using algebraic approximations for the Reynolds stress equations a general expression has been derived for C/sub ..mu../ in ..nu../sub t/ = C/sub ..mu../ k/sup 2//epsilon which accounts simultaneously for the effects of streamline curvature and pressure-strain in the flow, including wall-induced influences on the velocity fluctuations. The expression derived can be shown to encompass smilar but more specific formulations proposed by Bradshaw, Rodi, and Leschziner and Rodi. The present formulation has been used in conjunction with a k-epsilon model of turbulence to predict developing, two-dimensional, curved channel flows where both curvature and pressure-strain effects can be large. Minor modifications to include the influence of curvature on the length scale of the flow near the walls produce a significant improvement in the calculations. While, in general, predictions are in good agreement with experimental measurements of mildly and strongly curved flows, the model tends to overpredict the kinetic energy of turbulence in the inner-radius (convex) wall region. This is attributed to a breakdown of the assumption that u/sub i/u/sub j//k is a constant in the derivation of the general expression for C/sub ..mu../. Most of the experimental results suggest the presence of a weak cross-stream motion due to Taylor-Goertler vortices which cannot …

A single elastomer high voltage dielectric provides low inductance interconnection of capacitors, railgaps, and vacuum load. It complies against conductors to prevent tracking. Operation below a threshold breakdown field provides long lifetime.

This formal biannual report covers the effort related to the Milliwatt Generator Project (MWG) carried out for the Department of Energy, Office of Military Application by the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Most of the studies discussed here are of a continuing nature. Results and conclusions may change as the work continues. Published reference to the results cited in this report should not be made without the explicit permission of the person in charge of the work.

Excitation of a beam-bump (BB) can be effectively used for a number of goals. Since BB is sensitive only to perturbations of elements which are located inside it, errors and their consequencies spaced separately can be singled out and studied one by one. This technique in principle can be used to study the uniformity of the quadrupole distribution around the ring, the beam stays clear size of the machine at different locations, the polarity and probably even the strength of sextupole magnets, alignments of different monitors, etc. It can be used also to increase the beam cross section if that appears to be desirable. Design of PEP correctors does not allow to use them for excitation of a halfwave BB. The minimum number of correctors which can be used in this situation is three. The situation for horizontal plane is aggravated still more since most of horizontal correctors are hooked in pairs. The presence of sextupole magnets interlacing the correctors makes it necessary to use iterative procedure to find the corrector strengths for BB, since a perturbed orbit is influenced by a field of a sextupole magnet which in turn depends on the perturbed orbit value in the sextupole. Since …

The preliminary design and performance characteristics are described of the 20 MWt heat recovery and seed recovery (HRSR) system to be fabricated, installed, and evaluated to provide a technological basis for the design of commercial size HRSR systems for coal-fired open-cycle MHD power plants. The system description and heat and material balances, equipment description and functional requirements, controls, interfacing systems, and operation and maintenance are detailed. Appendices include: (1) recommended environmental requirements for compliance with federal and state of Tennessee regulations, (2) channel and diffuser simulator, (3) equipment arrangement drawings, and (4) channel and diffuser simulator barrel drawings. (WHK)

Ion beam phase space is frequently modeled with a simple theory having a few parameters; for example, the Kapchinskii-Vladimirskii (K-V) equations. For a real beam the normalized phase-space density par. delta/sup 2/i/par. delta x par. delta in one transverse plane x, averaged over the other plane y, is usually far from that of a K-V distribution. We develop a simple theory based on plasma ion temperature that under some conditions gives a good description of the measured emittance of our H/sup -/ ion beam at about 15 keV.

Results are presented on the elastic and inelastic production of psi (3.1). The elastic data are qualitative agreement with the predictions of photon-gluon fusion but have a steeper dependence on Q/sup 2/ than the model predicts. A QCD calculation accounts well for the shape of the inelastic data in inelasticity, Q/sup 2/ and E/sub ..gamma../, but fails to account for the absolute cross section. At 209 GeV, the cross-section for elastic psi production is 0.36 +- 0.07 nb; for inelastic, 0.28 +- 0.06nb.

This report describes the mathematical analysis, the physical scale modeling, and a full-scale crash test of a railcar spent-nuclear-fuel shipping system. The mathematical analysis utilized a lumped-parameter model to predict the structural response of the railcar and the shipping cask. The physical scale modeling analysis consisted of two crash tests that used 1/8-scale models to assess railcar and shipping cask damage. The full-scale crash test, conducted with retired railcar equipment, was carefully monitored with onboard instrumentation and high-speed photography. Results of the mathematical and scale modeling analyses are compared with the full-scale test. 29 figures.

Two general families of geochemical models presently exist. The ion speciation-solubility group of geochemical models contain submodels to first calculate a distribution of aqueous species and to secondly test the hypothesis that the water is near equilibrium with particular solid phases. These models may or may not calculate the adsorption of dissolved constituents and simulate the dissolution and precipitation (mass transfer) of solid phases. Another family of geochemical models, the reaction path models, simulates the stepwise precipitation of solid phases as a result of reacting specified amounts of water and rock. Reaction path models first perform an aqueous speciation of the dissolved constituents of the water, test solubility hypotheses, then perform the reaction path modeling. Certain improvements in the present versions of these models would enhance their value and usefulness to applications in nuclear-waste isolation, etc. Mass-transfer calculations of limited extent are certainly within the capabilities of state-of-the-art models. However, the reaction path models require an expansion of their thermodynamic data bases and systematic validation before they are generally accepted.

While high temperature electrolysis has proven beneficial as a technique to remove interstitial impurities from quartz, reliable indices to measure the efficacy of such a processing step are still under development. The present work is directed toward providing such an index. Two techniques were investigated - one involves measurement of the radiation-induced conductivity in quartz along the optic axis, and the second involves measurement of high temperature Q changes. Both effects originate when impurity charge compensators are released from their traps, in the first case resulting in an associated increase in ionic conduction and in the second case resulting in increased acoustic losses. Radiation-induced conductivity measurements were carried out with a 200 kV, 14 mA X-ray machine producing approximately 5 rads/sec at the sample. With electric fields of the order of 10/sup 4/ V/cm, the noise level in the current measuring system is equivalent to an ionic current generated by quartz impurities in the 1 ppB range. The accuracy of the high temperature (300 to 800 K) Q/sup -1/ measurement technique is limited by the uncertainties associated with quantitative correlation of the high temperature acoustic losses with the concentration of impurity centers. A number of resonators constructed of quartz material …

The recent discovery by Pronko, Appleton, Holland, and Wilson of an unusual enhancement of the yield of ions backscattered through angles close to 180/sup 0/ from the near surface regions of solids is investigated using a two-atom scattering model. The model predicts an enhancement effect in amorphous solids whose physical origin arises from the tolerance of path for those ions whose inward and outward trajectories lie in the vicinity of the critical impact parameter. Predictions are given of the dependence of the yield enhancement on the following parameters: ion energy, backscattering depth, exit angle, scattering potential, atomic numbers of projectile and target, and atomic density of target.

Studies were conducted to measure the Hanford Site 200 Separation Areas sorption properties for trace strontium (/sup 85/Sr), cesium (/sup 137/Cs), and cobalt (/sup 60/Co). Scintillation logs of ground disposal facilities and particle size plus calcium carbonate sediment data were used to independently delineate sediment types. Good agreement was found between the sediment types from the two methods. Twenty-one sediment types were delineated from five wells.

Details of a proposed sample design for the 1980 Commercial and Multifamily Building Energy Performance Survey are presented. The objective of the survey is to assess the extent to which new building design practices comply with the proposed 1980 Energy Budget Levels for Commercial and Multifamily Residential Building Designs (DEB/sub 80/). The procedure will be to: identify a small number of building types which account for the majority of commercial buildings constructed in the U.S.A.; conduct a separate survey for each building type; and include only buildings designed during 1980. For each building in the survey, the Design Energy Consumption (DEC/sub 80/) will be determined by the DOE2.1 computer program. The quantity X = (DEC/sub 80/ - DEB/sub 80/), will be calculated for each building as a measure of its compliance with DEB/sub 80/. These X quantities will then be used to compute sample statistics. Inferences about nationwide compliance with DEB/sub 80/ may then be made for each building type. This report provides details of the population, sampling frame, stratification, sample size, and implementation of the sampling plan.

A survey was conducted of ten target study groups and subgroups for Klamath Falls, Oregon, and Susanville, California: local government, current and potential industry at the site, relocators to the site, current and potential financial community, regulators, and current and potential promoters and developers. The results of benchmark attitudinal measurement is presented separately for each target group. A literature review was conducted and Macro-environmental attitudes of a sample of local government and industry personnel at the sites were assessed. An assessment of capabilities was made which involved two measurements. The first was a measurement of a sample of promoters, developers, and industrial service companies active at the site to determine infrastructure capabilities required by industry for geothermal plants. The second measurement involved analyzing a sample of industry management in the area and defining their requirements for plant retrofit and expansion. Finally, the processes used by the study group to analyze information to reach commitment and regulatory decisions that significantly impact on geothermal energy projects at the site were identified and defined.

The study discussed in this report was a cost/benefit analysis to determine: (1) whether explosive cutting is cost effective in comparison with alternative metal sectioning methods and (2) whether explosive cutting would reduce radiation exposure or provide other benefits. Two separate approaches were pursued. The first was to qualitatively assess cutting methods and factors involved in typical sectioning cases and then compare the results for the cutting methods. The second was to prepare estimates of work schedules and potential radiation exposures for candidate sectioning methods for two hypothetical, but typical, sectioning tasks. The analysis shows that explosive cutting would be cost effective and would also reduce radiation exposure when used for typical nuclear facility sectioning tasks. These results indicate that explosive cutting should be one of the principal cutting methods considered whenever steel or similar metal structures or equipment in a nuclear facility are to be sectioned for repair or decommissioning. 13 figures, 7 tables. (DLC)

This report summarizes the various types of geothermal energy reviews some legal uncertainties of the resource and then describes a methodology to evaluate geothermal resources for applications to US Air Force bases. Estimates suggest that exploration costs will be $50,000 to $300,000, which, if favorable, would lead to drilling a $500,000 exploration well. Successful identification and development of a geothermal resource could provide all base, fixed system needs with an inexpensive, renewable energy source.

New work on the counting of noble gas atoms, using lasers for the selective ionization and detectors for counting individual particles (electrons or positive ions) is reported. When positive ions are counted, various kinds of mass analyzers (magnetic, quadrupole, or time-of-flight) can be incorporated to provide A selectivity. It is shown that a variety of interesting and important applications can be made with atom-counting techniques which are both atomic number (Z) and mass number (A) selective.

This report is intended to assist the owner or operator of a parabolic trough solar collector system to decide on a cleaning strategy (equipment, materials, procedures, and schedules). The guidelines are based on information obtained in past research studies, as well as interviews with vendors and users of cleaning and water treatment equipment. The basic procedure recommended utilizes high pressure portable washing equipment. However, since the cleaning problem is so site-specific, no single, detailed approach can be specified. A systematic procedure for evaluating the particular requirements of a site is therefore given. This will allow the solar energy system operator to develop a cleaning strategy which is cost-effective because it is suited to local conditions.

Using algebraic approximations for the Reynolds stress equations a general expression has been derived for C/sub ..mu../ in ..nu../sub t/ = C/sub ..mu../ k/sup 2//epsilon which accounts simultaneously for the effects of streamline curvature and pressure-strain in the flow, including wall-induced influences on the velocity fluctuations. The expression derived can be shown to encompass similar but more specific formulations proposed by Bradshaw, Rodi, and Leschziner and Rodi. The present formulation has been used in conjunction with k-epsilon model of turbulence to predict developing, two-dimensional, curved channel flows where both curvature and pressure-strain effects can be large. Minor modifications to include the influence of curvature on the length scale of the flow near the walls produces a significant improvement in the calculations. While, in general, predictions are in good agreement with experimental measurements of mildly and strongly curved flows, the model tends to overpredict the kinetic energy of turbulence in the inner-radius (convex) wall region. This is attributed to a breakdown of the assumption that u/sub i/u/sub j/k is a constant in the derivation of the general expression for C/sub ..mu../. Most of the experimental results suggest the presence of a weak cross-stream motion due to Taylor-Goertler vortices which cannot be …

Brief summaries of research work are presented in the following section: overview of the ORNL Instrumentation and Controls Division activities; new developments and methods; reactor instrumentation and controls; measurement and control engineering; electronic engineering; maintenance; studies; services; and development; and division achievements.

A differential approach to sensitivity analysis has been developed that eliminates some difficulties existing in previous work. The new development leads to simple explicit expressions for the first-order perturbation as well as any higher-order terms. The higher-order terms are dependent only on differentials of the transport operator, the unperturbed flux, the adjoint flux, and the unperturbed Green's function of the system.

The research performed under this contract has been concentrated on the relationship between inducible DNA repair systems, mutagenesis and the competent state in the gram positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. The following results have been obtained from this research: (1) competent Bacillus subtilis cells have been developed into a sensitive tester system for carcinogens; (2) competent B. subtilis cells have an efficient excision-repair system, however, this system will not function on bacteriophage DNA taken into the cell via the process of transfection; (3) DNA polymerase III is essential in the mechanism of the process of W-reactivation; (4) B. subtilis strains cured of their defective prophages have been isolated and are now being developed for gene cloning systems; (5) protoplasts of B. subtilis have been shown capable of acquiring DNA repair enzymes (i.e., enzyme therapy); and (6) a plasmid was characterized which enhanced inducible error-prone repair in a gram positive organism.

Fissionable materials are handled and processed at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Although the probability of a nuclear criticality accident is very remote, it must be considered. Los Alamos maintains a broad spectrum of dose assessment capabilities. This report describes the methods employed for personnel neutron, area neutron, and photon dose evaluations with passive dosimetry systems.