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449
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94
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60
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34
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3
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288
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249
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Aerosols Generated by Free Fall Spills of Powders and Solutions in Static Air
Safety assessments and environmental impact statements for nuclear fuel cycle facilities require an estimation of potential airborne releases. Aerosols generated by accidents are being investigated to develop the source terms for these releases. The lower boundary accidental release event would be a free fall spill of powders or liquids in static air. Experiments measured the mass airborne and particle size distribution of these aerosols for various source sizes and spill heights. Two powder and liquid sources were used: Ti02 and uo2; and aqueous uranine (sodium fluorescein) and uranyl nitrate solutions. Spill height and source size were significant in releases of both powders and liquids. For the source powders used (l "m uo2 and 1.7 "m Ti0 2, quantities from 25 g to 1000 g, and fall heights of 1 m and 3m), the maximum source airborne was 0.12%. The maximum source airborne was an order of magnitude less for the liquids (with source quantities ranging from 125 to 1000 cc at the same fall heights). The median aerodynamic equivalent diameters for collected airborne powder ranged from 6 to 26.5 "m; liquids ranged from 4.1 to 34 "m. All of the spills produced a significant fraction of respirable particles 10 ~m …
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Sutter, S. L.; Johnston, J. W. & Mishima, J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Age and location of volcanic centers less than or equal to 3. 0 m. y. old in Arizona, New Mexico, and the Trans-Peco area of West Texas
This map is one of a series of maps designed for hot dry rock geothermal assessment in Arizona, New Mexico, and the Trans-Peco area of the west Texas. The 3.0 m.y. cutoff age was selected because original heat has probably largely dissipated in older rocks. The location of volcanic centers is more important to geothermal resource assessment than the location of their associated volcanic rocks; however, ages have been determined for numerous flows far from their source. Therefore, the distribution of all volcanic rocks less than or equal to 3.0 m.y. old, for which there is at least one determined age, are shown. Location of the volcanic vents and rocks were taken from Luedke and Smith (1978). Ages were obtained from the original literature in all cases except for McKee and others (1974), Silberman and others (1976), Ulrich and McKee (1976), and Wolfe and McKee (1976). The abstract by McKee and others (1974) lists only the ages of various rocks they dated, so locations were taken from Luedke and Smith (1978). The dates of Silberman and others (1976), Ulrich and McKee (1976), and Wolfe and McKee (1976) are taken from written communications cited by Luedke and Smith (1978); therefore, both …
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Aldrich, M.J. & Laughlin, A.W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Alaska Open-file Report 144 Assessment of Thermal Springs Sites Aleutian Arc, Atka Island to Becherof Lake -- Preliminary Results and Evaluation
Twenty of more than 30 thermal spring areas reported to exist in the Aleutian arc extending from Atka Island to Becherof Lake were investigated during July and August, 1980. Thermal activity of three of these sites had diminished substantially or no longer existed. At least seven more sites where thermal-spring activity is probable or certain were not visited because of their remoteness or because of time constraints. The existence of several other reported thermal spring sites could not be verified; these sites are considered questionable. On the basis of geothermometry, subsurface reservoir temperatures in excess of 150 C are estimated for 10 of the thermal spring sites investigated. These sites all occur in or near regions of Recent volcanism. Five of the sites are characterized by fumaroles and steaming ground, indicating the presence of at least a shallow vapor-dominated zone. Two, the Makushin Valley and Glacier Valley thermal areas, occur on the flanks of active Mukushin Volcano located on Unalaska Island, and may be connected to a common source of heat. Gas geothermometry suggests that the reservoir feeding the Kliuchef thermal field, located on the flanks of Kliuchef volcano of northeast Atka Island, may be as high as 239 C.
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Motyka, R. J.; Moorman, M. A. & Liss, S. A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Aluminum-blade development for the Mod-0A 200-kilowatt wind turbine
This report documents the operating experience with two aluminum blades used on the DOE/NASA Mod-0A 200-kilowatt wind turbine located at Clayton, New Mexico. Each Mod-0A aluminum blade is 59.9 feet long and weighs 2360 pounds. The aluminum Mod-0A blade design requirements, the selected design, fabrication procedures, and the blade analyses are discussed. A detailed chronology is presented on the operating experience of the Mod-0A aluminum blades used at Clayton, New Mexico. Blade structural damage was experienced. Inspection and damage assessment were required. Structural modifications that were incorporated to the blades successfully extended the useful operating life of the blades. The aluminum blades completed the planned 2 years of operation of the Clayton wind turbine. The blades were removed from service in August 1980 to allow testing of advanced technology wood composite blades.
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Linscott, B. S.; Shaltens, R. K. & Eggers, A. G.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analyses of mixed-hydrocarbon binary thermodynamic cycles for moderate-temperature geothermal resources using regeneration techniques
Studies of basic binary geothermal cycles utilizing mixtures of hydrocarbons have shown better performance than for pure fluids for a moderate temperature (360/sup 0/F) resource. However, a loss is net geofluid effectiveness (watt-hours net plant output/1bm geofluid) results when the geofluid outlet temperature is limited to temperatures in excess of 160/sup 0/F to alleviate a silica precipitation problem. This study examined three working fluids consisting of binary mixtures of hydrocarbons to see if use of regenerative preheating techniques such as turbine exhaust recupation and/or turbine bleed could recover the loss in geofluid effectiveness for a 160/sup 0/F geofluid outlet temperature. Results showed that with the most promising of the three working fluids a turbine exhaust recuperator alone is sufficient to recover all the lost effectiveness while maintaining the geofluid outlet temperature at 160/sup 0/F. A brief study to investigate cold weather operation with that working fluid, and using the recuperator, showed no major detrimental response of the system; however, silica precipitation may present a problem in extremely cold weather, as the geofluid outlet temperature dropped below 160/sup 0/F for the lowest wet bulb temperatures studied.
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Demuth, O. J. & Kochan, R. J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of monazite, zircon, and apatite from the southeastern Piedmont. National uranium resource evaluation program
Two hundred sixty-three monazite, 191 zircon, and 16 apatite grains from 52 stream-sediment locations in the Southeastern Piedmont were analyzed by electron microprobe for one of the following suites of elements: Ca, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Er, Dy, Y, Th, U, P, and F, or Ca, La, Ce, Fe, Er, Hf, Y, Th, U, P, Zr, Mg, Al, and Si. Monazite samples that had high uranium or thorium content and zircon samples that had high hafnium or iron content from a total of six locations were reanalyzed to confirm the initial results. This report contains a description of sample collection and preparation procedures, analytical methods, tables of analyses, and a statistical summary of analyses.
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Karfunkel, B S; Fay, W M & Price, V Jr
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of the Crush Environment for Lightweight Air-Transportable Accident-Resistant Containers
This report describes the longitudinal dynamic crush environment for a Lightweight Air-Transportable Accident-Resistant Container (LAARC, now called PAT-2) that can be used to transport small quantities of radioactive material. The analysis of the crush environment involves evaluation of the forces imposed upon the LAARC package during the crash of a large, heavily loaded, cargo aircraft. To perform the analysis, a cargo load column was defined which consisted of a longitudinal prism of cargo of cross-sectional area equal to the projected area of the radioactive-material package and length equal to the longitudinal extent of the cargo compartment in a commercial cargo jet aircraft. To bound the problem, two analyses of the cargo load column were performed, a static stability analysis and a dynamic analysis. The results of these analyses can be applied to other packaging designs and suggest that the physical limits or magnitude of the longitudinal crush forces, which are controlled in part by the yield strength of the cargo and the package size, are much smaller than previously estimated.
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
McClure, J.D. & Hartman, W.F.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of the October 5, 1979 Lithium Spill and Fire in the Lithium Processing Test Loop
On October 5, 1979, the Lithium Processing Test Loop (LPTL) developed a lithium leak in the electromagnetic (EM) pump channel, which damaged the pump, its surrounding support structure, and the underlying floor pan. A thorough analysis of the causes and consequences of the pump failure was conducted by personnel from CEN and several other ANL divisions. Metallurgical analyses of the elliptical pump channel and adjacent piping revealed that there was a significant buildup of iron-rich crystallites and other solid material in the region of the current-carrying bus bars (region of high magnetic field), which may have resulted in a flow restriction that contributed to the deterioration of the channel walls. The location of the failure was in a region of high residual stress (due to cold work produced during channel fabrication); this failure is typical of other cold work/stress-related failures encountered in components operated in forced-circulation lithium loops. Another important result was the isolation of crystals of a compound characterized as Li/sub x/CrN/sub y/. Compounds of this type are believed to be responsible for much of the Fe, Cr, and Ni mass transfer encountered in lithium loops constructed of stainless steel. The importance of nitrogen in the mass-transfer mechanism has …
Date:
December 1981
Creator:
Maroni, V. A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of the October 5, 1979 lithium spill and fire in the Lithium Processing Test Loop
On October 5, 1979, the Lithium Processing Test Loop (LPTL) developed a lithium leak in the electromagnetic (EM) pump channel, which damaged the pump, its surrounding support structure, and the underlying floor pan. A thorough analysis of the causes and consequences of the pump failure was conducted by personnel from CEN and several other ANL divisions. Metallurgical analyses of the elliptical pump channel and adjacent piping revealed that there was a significant buildup of iron-rich crystallites and other solid material in the region of the current-carrying bus bars (region of high magnetic field), which may have resulted in a flow restriction that contributed to the deterioration of the channel walls. The location of the failure was in a region of high residual stress (due to cold work produced during channel fabrication); this failure is typical of other cold work/stress-related failures encountered in components operated in forced-circulation lithium loops. Another important result was the isolation of crystals of a compound characterized as Li/sub x/CrN/sub y/. Compounds of this type are believed to be responsible for much of the Fe, Cr, and Ni mass transfer encountered in lithium loops constructed of stainless steel. The importance of nitrogen in the mass-transfer mechanism has …
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Maroni, V. A.; Beatty, R. A.; Brown, H. L.; Coleman, L. F.; Foose, R. M.; McPheeters, C. C. et al.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Aquifer thermal energy storage costs with a seasonal heat source.
The cost of energy supplied by an aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) system from a seasonal heat source was investigated. This investigation considers only the storage of energy from a seasonal heat source. Cost estimates are based upon the assumption that all of the energy is stored in the aquifer before delivery to the end user. Costs were estimated for point demand, residential development, and multidistrict city ATES systems using the computer code AQUASTOR which was developed specifically for the economic analysis of ATES systems. In this analysis the cost effect of varying a wide range of technical and economic parameters was examined. Those parameters exhibiting a substantial influence on ATES costs were: cost of purchased thermal energy; cost of capital; source temperature; system size; transmission distance; and aquifer efficiency. ATES-delivered energy costs are compared with the costs of hot water heated by using electric power or fuel-oils. ATES costs are shown as a function of purchased thermal energy. Both the potentially low delivered energy costs available from an ATES system and its strong cost dependence on the cost of purchased thermal energy are shown. Cost components for point demand and multi-district city ATES systems are shown. Capital and thermal …
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Reilly, R. W.; Brown, D. R. & Huber, H. D.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
An Assessment of Development and Production Potential of Federal Coal Leases
A report by the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) that assesses the resources of mining activities and coal leases, specifically the "estimation of the likely production from the existing 548 Federal coal leases in the seven major Western coal States" (p. iii).
Date:
December 1981
Creator:
United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Assessment of the need for and feasibility of establishing a national reactor engineering simulator facility
A study was conducted by the Department of Energy's Office of Nuclear Power Systems to determine the need for and feasibility of establishing a reactor engineering simulator facility at a National Laboratory. Input was obtained from a wide cross section of the Nation's nuclear industry, the Department's National Laboratories, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), and the Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards in carrying out this study. Based on this input, the Department concludes that the proposed facility would not significantly contribute to the capability of the Nation's nuclear industry or the Department to foster research in generic design improvements and simplifications. Furthermore, the Department concludes that such a facility, although it is theoretically feasible, is not practical from an engineering viewpoint, and the significant national effort and expense, which would be required to develop, construct, and operate such a facility, is not justified.
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Assessment of the radon concentrations in air caused by emissions from multiple sources in a uranium mining and milling region. A case study of the Ambrosia Lake region of New Mexico
The Ambrosia Lake uranium mining and milling operations were selected to characterize the relative importance of these sources on ambient atmospheric radon concentrations. All uranium mines at Ambrosia Lake are underground. The comparisons of interest were both between the sources and between the sources and background concentrations. The results show that vents are by far the greatest source of the computed radon concentrations in the immediate area of the operations. The computed radon concentrations at receptor points were largely influenced by the closer sources, rather than by more distant stronger sources. The area where computed radon concentrations significantly exceed the background is confined to the general area around the vents and mills. A comparison between computed radon concentrations and monitoring data at selected points demonstrates order of magnitude agreement.
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Droppo, J. G. & Glissmeyer, J. A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
An Assessment of the United States Food and Agricultural Research System
A report by the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) that addresses issues of "the roles of the research participants, long-range research priority planning, funding for research, and the organizational structure of the food and agricultural research organizations" as they relate to increasing demands on agricultural resources (p. iii).
Date:
December 1981
Creator:
United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Atmospheric effects on solar-cell calibration and evaluation
Results are presented that illustrate atmospheric effects on cell short currents and calibration numbers for silicon, gallium arsenide, and cadmium sulfide cells. Rigorous radiative transfer codes are used in this analysis to illustrate the effects of precipitable water, turbidity, air mass, and global normal irradiance compared with direct normal irradiance on cell performance. Precipitable water is shown to have a relatively large effect on GaAs (5%) as compared to a small effect (2%) on other cells. The quantitative effects of air mass and turbidity are illustrated. It was found that under some atmospheric conditions global calibration methods have a greater dependence on air mass than direct normal calibrations methods.
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Bird, R. E. & Hustrom, R. L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Atmospheric sciences division. Annual report, fiscal year 1981
The research activities of the Atmospheric Sciences Division of the Department of Energy and Environment for FY 1981 are presented. Facilities and major items of equipment are described. Research programs are summarized in three categories, modeling, field and laboratory experiments and data management and analysis. Each program is also described individually with title, principal investigator, sponsor and funding levels for FY 1981 and FY 1982. Future plans are summarized. Publications for FY 1981 are listed with abstracts. A list of personnel is included.
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Raynor, G.S. (ed.)
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Bond-Strength Studies for 1-Mil-Diameter Gold Wires Bonded to Hybrid Microcircuit Substrates
Detailed studies of the failure probability for gold wires bonded to multiplexer substrates under severe acceleration in the W79 artillery shell environments were made. The studies included: the calculated resultant pull forces exerted on the bond joints due to the W79 acceleration environments; the suitability of the loop-hook pull tests and the use of the normal Gaussian distribution theory for statistical description of bond strengths; and the probability of failure for gold wires bonded to multiplexer substrates under artillery shell accelerations using fixed angle pull tests and a Weilbull distribution theory for the statistical description. Preliminary statistical analyses of the bond strength data obtained from the conventional loop-hook pull tests for a multiplexer substrate HMC, have shown that the ball bond is strong enough to withstand the 0.17 gram design limit load due to the W79 gun barrel environments with a very low probability of failure. For the wedge bond, however, the results of a statistical analysis for the bond strength agree with experience which shows that the wedge bonds are generally much weaker than ball bonds in multiplexer substrates, and the probability of failure may be high enough to cause a problem. The degradation of the wedge bond strength …
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Kan, Y.R. & Prantil, V.C.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Brine migration in salt and its implications in the geologic disposal of nuclear waste
This report respresents a comprehensive review and analysis of available information relating to brine migration in salt surrounding radioactive waste in a salt repository. The topics covered relate to (1) the characteristics of salt formations and waste packages pertinent to considerations of rates, amounts, and effects of brine migration, (2) experimental and theoretical information on brine migration, and (3) means of designing to minimize any adverse effects of brine migration. Flooding, brine pockets, and other topics were not considered, since these features will presumably be eliminated by appropriate site selection and repository design. 115 references.
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Jenks, G.H. & Claiborne, H.C.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Building-owners energy-education program. Final report
The objectives of the program are to develop and test market a cogent education program aimed specifically at building owners to help them be more decisive and knowledgeable, and to motivate them to direct their managers and professionals to implement a rational plan for achieving energy conservation in their commercial office buildings and to establish a plan, sponsored by the Building Owners and Managers Association International (BOMA) to implement this educational program on a nation-wide basis. San Francisco, Chicago, and Atlanta were chosen for test marketing a model program. The procedure used in making the energy survey is described. Energy survey results of participating buildings in San Francisco, Chicago, and Atlanta are summarized. (MCW)
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Calculated neutron-source spectra from selected irradiated PWR fuel assemblies
The energy spectra of neutrons emitted from a pressurized-water-reactor fuel assembly have been calculated for a variety of exposures and cooling times. They are presented in graphical form. Some effects of initial enrichment are also included. Neutrons from spontaneous fissions were given either a Maxwellian temperature of 1.2 or 1.5 MeV, depending on whether they were due to plutonium and uranium nuclides or curium nuclides. A single (..cap alpha..,n) spectrum was deemed sufficient to represent the neutrons from all the alpha-emitting nuclides. The proportions of the nuclides undergoing spontaneous fission and those emitting alpha particles were determined from calculated atom densities. The particular pressurized-water-reactor fuel assembly assumed for this purpose was of the type used in the H.B. Robinson Unit-2 power plant (740 MWe).
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Rinard, P. M.; Bosler, G. E. & Phillips, J. R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Characterization of TMI-type wastes and solid products. Quarterly progress report, April-September 1981
A research program is under way to systematically characterize the type of radwastes which may be generated in cleanup procedures following off-normal reactor operations. Specifically, the program is presently investigating how the properties of wastes containing ion-exchange media may be modified by heavy doses of irradiation from sorbed radionuclides. Special effort is being devoted toward quantifying the effects of factors such as radiation dose rate, chemical loading on the ion exchangers, moisture content and composition of external media, etc., which may inflence the relation between laboratory test results and field performance. Initial irradation damage measurements have been carried out on organic cation resin IRN-77 in both hydrogen and sodium forms. Gamma irradiation of both of these materials produces water soluble acidic decomposition products; the acid product yields depend on the chemical loading and are lower for the sodium form.
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Weiss, A.J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Charging-circuit study for copper-vapor lasers. Final report, 29 June 1981-30 November 1981
This study is divided into three tasks whose combined purpose is to evaluate methods of charging high PRF pulsed power subsystems required in a proposed laser isotope separation (LIS) plant. The work performed in this program follows directly from designs and experiments carried out in a recently-completed study and, in fact, utilizes much of the same apparatus described previously. The first task required the preparation and vugraph presentation of a review of eight potential charging methods. This review and the associated evaluation criteria are described. Tasks II and III entailed the experimental evaluation of the deQing methods of regulating the charging voltage of a pulse power conditioning module with respect to limitations imposed by continuous operation and the efficiency of recovery of energy diverted by the deQing circuitry. The results of these tasks are described.
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Charmed baryon decays observed in e/sup +/e/sup -/ annihilation at SPEAR
Various weak decays of the charmed baryon ..lambda../sub c/ are observed in the Mark II detector at the SLAC e/sup +/e/sup -/ storage ring SPEAR. Hadronic decays ..lambda../sub c//sup +/ ..-->.. pK/sup -/..pi../sup +/ and ..lambda../sub c//sup +/ ..-->.. pK/sub s//sup 0/ and their conjugates are observed as peaks in invariant mass spectra at m(..lambda../sub c/) = (2286 +- 6) MeV/c/sup 2/. An estimate of the charmed baryon production cross section, sigma(..lambda../sub c/) + sigma (anti ..lambda../sub c/) = (1.7 +- 0.4) nb, derived from Mark II measurements of the inclusive baryon cross sections R/sub p/ and R/sub ..lambda../ as functions of center-of-mass energy, is used to calculate branching ratios for these hadronic decays: BR (..lambda../sub c//sup +/ ..-->.. p K/sup -/ ..pi../sup +/) = (2.0 +- 0.8)%; BR (..lambda../sub c//sup +/ ..-->.. p k/sub s//sup 0/)/BR (..lambda../sub c//sup +/ ..-->.. p K/sup -/ ..pi../sup +/) = (36 +- 16)%. An attempt is also made to observe higher mass charmed baryons by reconstructing cascade decays ..sigma../sub c/ ..-->.. ..lambda../sub c/..pi... Evidence for the observation of semileptonic decays of the charmed baryon is presented. Direct electrons are observed in events containing antiprotons, lambdas and antilambdas. The number of electrons per baryon …
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Vella, E.N.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Chemicals identified in feral and food animals: a data base. First annual report, October 1981. Volume I. Records 1-532
This data file is a companion to Chemicals Identified in Human Biological Media, A Data Base, and follows basically the same format. The data base on human burden is in its third year of publication. This is the first annual report for the feral and food animal file. Data were obtained primarily from the open literature through manual searches (retrospective to 1979) of the journals listed in Appendix A. The data base now contains information on 60 different substances. Chemicals are listed by Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry numbers and preferred names in Appendix B. For the user's convenience, cross-referenced chemical lists of CAS preferred and common names are provided in Appendix C. The animals, tissues, and body fluids found to be contaminated by these chemicals are listed in Appendix D. The data base is published annually in tabular format with indices and chemical listings that allow specific searching. A limited number of custom computer searches of the data base are available in special cases when the published format does not allow for retrieval of needed information.
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Cone, M. Virginia; Faust, Rosmarie A. & Baldauf, Margaret F. (comps.)
System:
The UNT Digital Library