This report provides the information necessary for a better evaluation of particle energy in the Bevatron. Previously, the nominal magnetic field value and radius were used to calculate the value for the kinetic energy of the particle. This value was good to a few percent. Today, more and more experimenters would like to know the energy to a more precise value. To this end, corrections to the measured magnetic field values and the radial closed orbit are provided.

Measurements are reported of the neutral and charged particle fractions produced by running beams of Li/sup -/, C/sup -/, O/sup -/, and Si/sup -/ at energies up to 7 MeV through gas cells of N/sub 2/, Ar, or CO/sub 2/. We discuss the implications of these measurements for the design of neutralizers to produce high energy light atom beams for heating or current drive in tokamaks.

Period doubling of a periodic orbit of an area preserving map appears to lead to the elimination of all closed invariant curves in the vicinity. We show, however, that there are always islets of stabilhty again beyond the accumulation point of the period doubling sequence.

In order to evaluate the potential of the Devonian Shales as a source of natural gas, DOE/METC in Morgantown, West Virginia, has undertaken the Eastern Gas Shale Program (EGSP); not only to characterize and identify the resource, but also to enhance and improve the productivity of wells completed in the shale. One of the methods used to achieve improved productivity is hydraulic fracturing and, more specifically, foam fracturing. The efforts by DOE/METC included completion and stimulation of five New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) wells; located in western Allegany County and southwestern Cattaraugus County, New York. The five wells were drilled on high shcool and college properties during the months of June and July 1981. DOE/METC's contribution to the program funded the stimulation and completion of the wells. This work was done under the engineering and field supervision of Gruy Federal, Inc. as contractor to DOE. The completion work took place in the months of July and August 1981. This consisted of running a cement bond log in each well. All logs showed good bonding. This was followed by perforating the Marcellus Shale through the 4-1/2-inch casing. During the next phase, the formation was broken down with …

Characteristics of the site significant to the prospect for geothermal development are described, including: physiography, demography, economy, and the goals and objectives of the citizens as they relate to geothermal development. The geothermal resource evaluation is described, including the depth to reservoir, production rates of existing water wells, water quality, and the resource temperature. Uses of the energy that seem appropriate to the situation both now and in the foreseeable future at Gabbs are described. The essential institutional requirements for geothermal energy development are discussed, including the financial, environmental, legal, and regulatory requirements. The main resource, engineering and institutional considerations involved in a geothermal district heating system for Gabbs are summarized.

Site characteristics pertinent to the geothermal development are described, including: physiography, demography, economy, and goals and objectives of the citizens as they relate to geothermal development. The geothermal reservoir is characterized on the basis of available information. The probable drilling depth to the reservoir, anticipated water production rates, water quality, and resource temperature are indicated. Uses of the energy that seem appropriate to the situation both now and in the near future at Hawthorne are described. The essential institutional requirements for geothermal energy development are discussed, including the financial, environmental, and legal and regulatory aspects. The various steps that are necessary to accomplish the construction of the geothermal district heating system are described.

Significant levels of fuel rod failures were observed in the batch 8 fuel assemblies of the Connecticut Yankee reactor. Failure of 304 stainless steel cladding in a PWR environment was not expected. Therefore a detailed poolside and hot cell examination program was conducted to determine the cause of failure and identify differences between batch 8 fuel and previous batches which had operated without failures. Hot cell work conducted consisted of detailed nondestructive and destructive examination of fuel rods from batches 7 and 8. The results indicate that the batch 8 failure mechanism was stress corrosion cracking initiating on the clad outer surface. The sources of cladding stresses are believed to be (a) fuel pellet chips wedged in the cladding gap, (b) swelling of highly nondensifying batch 8 fuel and (c) potentially harmful effects of a power change event that occurred near the end of the second cycle of irradiation for batch 8.

Waters produced from sandstone reservoirs of the deep Frio Formation exhibit spatial variations in chemical composition that roughly coincide with the major tectonic elements (Houston and Rio Grande Embayments, San Marcos Arch) and corresponding depositional systems (Houston and Norias deltas, Greta-Carancahua barrier/strandplain system) that were respectively active along the upper, lower, and middle Texas Coast during Frio deposition. Within an area, salinities are usually depth dependent, and primary trends closely correspond to pore pressure gradients and thermal gradients. Where data are available (mainly in Brazoria County) the increases in TDS and calcium with depth coincide with the zone of albitization, smectite-illite transition, and calcite decrease in shales. Waters have fairly uniform salinities when produced from the same sandstone reservoir within a fault block or adjacent fault blocks with minor displacement. In contrast, stratigraphically equivalent sandstones separated by faults with large displacement usually yield waters with substantially different salinities owing to the markedly different thermal and pressure gradients across the faults that act as barriers to fluid movement.

The test obtective for April was to evaluate sodium thiosulfate in limestone scrubber slurry as inhibitor of sulfite oxidation. The resulting effect on saturation levels of calcium sulfate (CaSO/sub 4/.2 H/sub 2/O; gypsum) and scaling in the system was of prime importance. As an antioxidant, S/sub 2/O/sub 3//sup =/ functions as a scale inhibitor by reducing SO/sub 4//sup =/, a known scale former. To meet the test objective, the scrubber was operated in a scaling mode as a base case; finally, the changes resulting from addition of sodium thiosulfate were evaluated. Train 100 was operated at two pH levels and with low and high sulfur coal in April. Because of several delays explained below, only base cases were completed in April.

A mechanistic model for the prediction of microcracking (grain-boundary separation) during transient conditions has been generated within the context of the FASTGRASS computer code. A model based on the work of DiMelfi and Deitrich describing ductile/brittle behavior has been replaced by one based on the work of Beere and Speight, Chuang and Rice, and Chen and Argon. The theory underlying this new model is described and its proposed implementation in the prediction of DEH test results is outlined.

Progress, present status, and data are presented for work in the areas of silicon substrate materials epitaxial substrates and epitaxial growth and of solar cells production process sequence determination especially, and also in the areas of process specification, minimodule design, process and design verification, and cost evaluation and projections. (LEW)

This report summarizes the work done at MIT during FY 1981 on the overall system design of a uranium-from-seawater facility. It consists of a sequence of seven major chapters, each of which was originally prepared as a stand-alone internal progress report. These chapters trace the historical progression of the MIT effort, from an early concern with scoping calculations to define the practical boundaries of a design envelope, as constrained by elementary economic and energy balance considerations, through a parallel evaluation of actively-pumped and passive current-driven concepts, and thence to quantification of the features of a second generation system based on a shipboard-mounted, actively-pumped concept designed around the use of thin beds of powdered ion exchange resin supported by cloth fiber cylinders (similar to the baghouse flyash filters used on power station offgas). An assessment of the apparently inherent limitations of even thin settled-bed sorber media then led to selection of an expanded bed (in the form of an ion exchange wool), which would permit an order of magnitude increase in flow loading, as a desirable advance. Thus the final two chapters evaluate ways in which this approach could be implemented, and the resulting performance levels which could be attained. Overall, …

This report brings together the results of a re-examination of zooplankton samples from the Mobile OTEC site (29/sup 0/N-88/sup 0/W) in the northern Gulf of Mexico for macrozooplankton larger than 15 mm.

This report presents calculated gamma radiation exposure rates and ground deposition of related radionuclides resulting from three types of event that deposited detectable radioactivity outside the Nevada Test Site complex, namely, underground nuclear detonations, tests of nuclear rocket engines and tests of nuclear ramjet engines.

The objective of this study was to extend the working life of cutting fluids used in metal machining operations at LLNL. The characteristics of the fluids in nine different machines were studied. The pH, bacteria level, percent coolant concentrate, percent tramp oil, and total undissolved solids were monitored on a week-to-week basis for 6 weeks. During this time, the criteria and procedures used for changing the cutting fluids in the machines were also observed. Although the study is incomplete, the following recommendations were made. Cutting fluids should be diluted with deionized water and the concentration of the cutting fluid should be monitored regularly with a refractometer. A bactericide should be added to the cutting fluid. The machines should have a thorough initial cleaning and machine oil leaks should be eliminated. Only one cutting fluid should be used throughout the shop. Methods for removing metal particles from used cutting oils should be investigated. (LCL)

An empirical relationship has been developed to estimate the cumulative fractional releases of /sup 137/Cs from simulated waste forms as a function of leaching time and the geometric surface-to-volume ratios. Data from an ongoing leaching study were used. The simulated waste forms consisted of organic cation exchange resins solidified in Portland I cement at a waste-to-cement ratio of 0.6 and water-to-cement ratio of 0.4. The nominal specimen dimensions were: 1-inch diameter x 1-inch high, 2-inch diameter x 2-inch high, 2-inch diameter x 4-inch high, 3-inch diameter x 3-inch high, 6-inch diameter x 6-inch high, 6-inch diameter x 12-inch high, and 12-inch diameter x 12-inch high. The waste forms were leached in deionized water using a modified IAEA leaching procedure. A study designed to evalate the leachability of /sup 137/Cs, /sup 85/Sr, and /sup 60/Co from simulated boric acid waste solidified in Portland III cement and to measure the compressive strength of the ensuing waste forms before and after leaching was concluded. Leaching data extending over 229 days are presented. The simulated waste forms were leached in deionized water using a modified IAEA leaching procedure. The compressive strength of the specimens was measured initially and after their exposure to a leaching …

The new and revised benchmark specifications for nine Los Alamos National Laboratory critical assemblies are used to compute the entire set of parameters that were measured in the experiments. A comparison between the computed and experimental values provides a measure of the adequacy of the specifications, cross sections, and physics codes used in the calculations.

A tritium laboratory facility at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, was decommissioned in 1979. The project involved dismantling the laboratory equipment and disposing of the equipment and debris at an on-site waste disposal/storage area. The laboratory was constructed in 1953 and was in service for tritium research and fabrication of lithium tritide components until 1974. The major features of the laboratory included some 25 meters of gloveboxes and hoods, associated vacuum lines, utility lines, exhaust ducts, electrodryers, blowers, and laboratory benches. This report presents details on the decommissioning, health physics, waste management, environmental surveillance, and costs for the operation.

A new calorimetric method has been employed to obtain saturated electron energy albedos for Be, C, Al, Ti, Mo, Ta, U, and UO/sub 2/ over the range of incident energies from 0.1 to 1.0 MeV. The technique was so designed to permit the simultaneous measurement of saturated charge albedos. In the cases of C, Al, Ta, and U the measurements were extended down to about 0.025 MeV. The angle of incidence was varied from 0/sup 0/ (normal) to 75/sup 0/ in steps of 15/sup 0/, with selected measurements at 82.5/sup 0/ in Be and C. In each case, state-of-the-art predictions were obtained from a Monte Carlo model. The generally good agreement between theory and experiment over this extensive parameter space represents a strong validation of both the theoretical model and the new experimental method. Nevertheless, certain discrepancies at low incident energies, especially in high-atomic-number materials, and at all energies in the case of the U energy albedos are not completely understood.

Operating instructions are given for conducting ion etching and Auger analysis of surface layers with laboratory-built equipment which provides for the simultaneous use of ellipsometry.

Flow-Induced Vibration for Light Water Reactors (FIV for LWRs) is a program designed to improve the FIV performance of light water reactors through the development of design criteria, analytical models for predicting behavior of components, and general scaling laws to improve the accuracy of reduced-scale tests, and through the identification of high FIV risk areas. The program is managed by the General Electric Nuclear Power Systems Engineering Department and has three major contributors: General Electric Nuclear Power Systems Engineering Department (NPSED), General Electric Corporate Research and Development (CR and D) and Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). The program commenced December 1, 1976. This progress report summarizes the accomplishments achieved during the final period from July 1981 to September 1981. This is the last quarterly progress report to be issued for this program.

Recent improvements in the one-dimensional, Lagrangian, radiation-hydrodynamics code, CHART D, are described. They include transmitting boundaries, a generalized failure surface and improved editing capabilities.

This report presents an overview of the siting characteristics of the HTGR-SC/C design and compares them to current NRC limiting criteria for radiological impact considerations. A systems advantage comparison is also made to an equivalent size PWR. Data is presented in summary tabular format that is derived from existing plant designs and published safety and environmental analysis for both the HTGR and the PWR.

A survey of the photovoltaic community was conducted to ascertain the present state-of-the-art for PV spectral response measurements. Specific topics explored included measurement system designs, good and bad features of the systems, and problems encountered in the evaluation of specific cell structures and materials. The survey showed that most spectral response data are used in diagnostic analysis for the optimization of developmental solar cells. Measurement systems commonly utilize a chopped narrowband source in conjunction with a constant bias illumination which simulates the ambient end use environment. Researchers emphasized the importance of bias illumination for all types of cells in order to minimize the effects of nonlinearities in cell response. Not surprisingly single crystal silicon cells present the fewest measurement problems to the researcher and have been studied more thoroughly than any other type of solar cell. But, the accurate characterization of silicon cells is still difficult and laboratory intercomparison studies have yielded data scatter ranging from +-5% to +-15%. The measurement experience with other types of cells is less extensive. The development of reliable data bases for some solar cells is complicated by problems of cell nonuniformity, environmental instability, nonlinearity, etc. Cascade cells present new problems associated with their structue …