Progress is reported in a research program whose goals are to expand a date base on the electrical properties of hydrocarbon-air flames, to use the amplified data base to study the interaction of microwaves with the flame both in a combustion bomb and an appropriately designed single-cylinder test engine, and to apply high power microwave energy to the bomb and test engine in order to stimulate the combustion processes. Besides the work on the microwave/flame plasma properties, work was performed on the microwave properties of conventional and modified engine combustion chambers by means of an engine simulator. It was shown that conventional engine cylinders are unsuitable for storing microwaves and that they must be modified. Finally, the work on plasma jet ignition (as one ignition source for the microwave work), was continued. Information is presented on the microwave coupling system, high power microwave testing on a combustion bomb, and the fabrication of facilities for testing a single-cylinder test engine. It was demonstrated that the combined plasma jet/microwave system can be used to advantage to burn very lean mixtures and increase their flame speed. These improvements have been obtained in the limited environment of a combustion bomb. Much more work is …

An extreme ultraviolet (EUV) study of the emissions from intrinsic and injected impurities in TMX is presented. Two survey spectrographs were used to determine that the major impurities present were oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and titanium. Three absolutely-calibrated monochromators were used to measure the time histories and radial profiles of these impurity emissions in the central cell and each plug. Two of these instruments were capable of obtaining radial profiles as a function of time in a single shot.

Silicon dendritic web is a single crystal ribbon form of silicon capable of fabrication into solar cells with AM1 conversion efficiency in excess of 15%. Progress on a study to demonstrate the technology readiness of the web process to meet the national goals for low cost photovoltaic power is reported. Several refinements were introduced into the sensing and control equipment for melt replenishment during web growth and also several areas were identified for cost reduction in the components of the prototype automated web growth furnace. A new circuit has been designed, assembled and tested to eliminate the sensitivity of the detector signal to the intensity of the reflected laser beam used to measure melt level. Noise due to vibrations on the silicon melt surface has also been eliminated. A new variable speed motor has been identified for the silicon feeder. Pellet feeding will be accomplished at a rate programmed to match exactly the silicon removed by web growth. A system to program the initiation of web growth automatically has been designed and first tests initiated. This should eventually result in reduced labor content and improved process reproducibility. Potential cost reductions in the furnace chamber and storage reel have been identified. …

The present investigation concerns the application of the Laser-Powered Homogeneous Pyrolysis (LPHP) technique to the formation of soot precursors during pyrolysis of coal-derived fuels of high carbon-to-hydrogen ratio. This technique is particularly attractive for this purpose. LPHP offers the range of temperatures and heating times required to study the progress of the pyrolysis process. Also, the simplicity of the experimental procedure allows studying many species in a relatively short time. Considerable progress has been made in improving the method of data evaluation, and in developing the method of taking data. A set of equations was derived describing the motion of the strongly heated gas in the sample cell. This set replaces the Boussinesq equations, which are based on the assumption of nearly constant temperature, and used in previous work. A solution scheme for the new set of equations was devised which is no more complicated than the scheme used previously to solve the Boussinesq equations. A set of measurements has been made of the pyrolysis of 1,4-cyclohexadiene. These measurements are serving to establish the validity of the methods used, and are described in Section III. Section IV contains a brief description of the work currently in progress.

Monthly reports documenting San Antonio municipal board activities and city permitting for January 1981.

The tracker uses a single photo sensor, and a rotating aperature to obtain tracking accuracies better than 1.5 mrads (0.1 degs). Peak signal detection is used to eliminate tracking of false sources, i.e., clouds, etc. A prism is employed to obtain an extended field of view (150 degs axially - 360 degs radially). The tracker digitally measures the Suns displacement angle relative to the concentrator axis, and repositions it incrementally. This arrangement permits the use of low cost non-servo motors. The local controller contains microprocessor based electronics, incorporating digital signal processing. A single controller may be time shared by a maximum of sixteen trackers, providing a high performance, cost effective solar tracking system, suitable for both line and point focus concentrators. An installation may have the local controller programmed as a standalone unit or slaved to a central controller. When used with a central controller, dynamic data monitoring and logging is available, together with the ability to change system modes and parameters, as desired.

The first quarter results under the Advanced Pulverized Coal Combustor for Control of NO/sub x/ Emissions Program (DOE Contract DE-AC22-80PC30296) are reported. A preliminary gas phase reaction model for predicting fuel NO/sub x/ formation during combustion of methane fuel has been constructed. Predictions of NO/sub x/ formation under stirred reactor conditions agree with existing experimental data. Thermal NO/sub x/ and coal reaction data will be developed and verified during the next reporting period. Progress has been made in formulating the changes necessary to upgrade the Acurex PROF code for use as the comprehensive data analysis tool in this program. The radiation modeling and the incorporation of the needed modifications into the PROF code will occur during the next reporting period. The idealized combustor was designed, and requests for bids to fabricate the combustor were submitted. Combustor fabrication will be completed during the next reporting period.

An appraisal of the use of geothermal energy for space heating requirements for selected state-owned buildings in six communities in Colorado is presented. The appraisal addresses several components of a feasibility study for geothermal applications, including resource assessment, pipeline rights-of-way, well design and drilling program, conceptual engineering designs for retrofits of building heating systems, evaluations of economic feasibility, institutional requirements, and environmental considerations. Economic feasibility is determined from evaluation of four economic measures: a simple payback period in years; twenty-year annualized system costs (geothermal system versus conventional system); total twenty-year undiscounted energy savings; and total twenty-year present value energy savings. The results of the analyses of each feasibility component are finally ranked, using a weighting system, to arrive at an order ranking of the eleven state-owned buildings for overall feasibility. The relative total feasibility rankings and the absolute evaluations of economic competitiveness with the existing conventional-fuel heating systems show that several of the state facilities are likely candidates for conversion to geothermal hot water heating systems. The best candidate by far is the Colorado State Reformatory at Buena Vista. The geothermal resource at Buena Vista (Cottonwood Canyon and Chalk Creek) is a high quality resource with high water temperatures and …

It is widely recognized that alkaline oxides, especially CaO, can be most effective in capturing sulfur in-situ. It is equally well recognized that NO/sub x/ emissions due to fuel-bound nitrogen in coal can be effectively minimized with staged combustion. Both these aspects have been demonstrated separately at Battelle and other laboratories. It is the overall objective of this program to develop the basis for optimizing sulfur capture by CaO under staged combustion. Our approach to accomplishing this goal is via an experimental and interpretative study of the chemistry and interactions of CaO under simulated and actual staged combustion conditions. In staged combustion one fires first under reducing (fuel rich) conditions prior to oxidation in the second stage. Our studies wherein coals were treated with CaO, i.e., impregnated with CaO for pulverized coal firing, or mixed and pelletized with CaO for stoker firing, suggest that conditions prevail under which CaO is first converted to CaS prior to being oxidized to CaSO/sub 4/. Since CaS has a greater thermal stability than CaSO/sub 4/, it is therefore possible to fire at temperatures above 900/sup 0/C (1650/sup 0/F) and retain sulfur under proper stoichiometric conditions. The program is aimed at defining the chemistry and …

At present, the research ranges from the quantum mechanics of the corrosion unit reactions, organic and inorganic coatings, surface reactions on polymers, metals and semiconductors to high-temperature chemistry of interest to solar-energy conversion. A second objective of the Center is to increase the utilization of corrosion data by the technical community through education and through the dissemination of appropriately formatted information. At present, two projects are in the planning stage for the near future. One is a pedagogical symposium on corrosion in microelectronic components and systems; the other is a series of lectures and videotapes, as well as a workshop on cathodic protection.

The equations of motion are discussed which describe time dependent population flows in an N-level system, reviewing the relationship between incoherent (rate) equations, coherent (Schrodinger) equations, and more general partially coherent (Bloch) equations. Approximations are discussed which replace the elaborate Bloch equations by simpler rate equations whose coefficients incorporate long-time consequences of coherence.

GRPAUT is a modular program for performing automated Pu isotopic analysis supplied to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) per ISPO Task A.76. Section I of this user's guide for GRPAUT presents an overview of the various programs and disk files that are used in performing a Pu isotopic analysis. Section II describes the program GRFEDT which is used in creating and editing the analysis parameter file that contains all the spectroscopic information needed at runtime by GRPAUT. An example of the dialog and output of GRFEDT is shown in Appendix B. Section III describes the operation of the various GRPAUT modules: GRPNL2, the peak stripping module; EFFCH2, the efficiency calculation module; and ISOAUT, the isotopic calculation module. (A description of the peak fitting methodology employed by GRPNL2 is presented in Appendix A.) Finally, Section IV outlines the procedure for determining the peak shape constants for a detector system and describes the operation of the program used to create and edit the peak shape parameter files. An output of GRPAUT, showing an example of a complete isotopic analysis, is presented in Appendix C. Source listings of all the Fortran programs supplied to the Agency under ISPO Task A.76 are contained …

The first quarter results under the Department of Energy Contract DE-AC22-80PC-30295 are reported. A stirred reactor technique to simulate the early combustion environment of coal particles has been devised. An existing cold flow model has been modified to develop the operating conditions required for combustion experiments. A test matrix for the cold flow tests has been developed and the system readied for testing. The anticipated analytical measurement approaches to the combustion test phases of the program are also discussed. An initial reported set of gas phase reactions has been incorporated into the PROF code. Predictions of NO/sub x/ formation to date have exhibited good agreement with existing combustion data. Experimental data of thermal NO/sub x/ formation in the stirred reactor will be integrated with the kinetic model.

A safety review was made of Sections 4 through 9 of the Consolidated Safety Analysis Report (CSAR) for the GE Morris Operation spent-fuel storage facility. The sections reviewed include Design Criteria and Compliance, Facility Design and Description, Radiation Protection, Accident Analysis, and Conduct of Operations. The safety review was performed in accordance with the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Part 72, ''Licensing Requirements for the Storage of Spent Fuel in an Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation'' and contains independent estimations of source terms and dose-commitments from postulated accidents in the storage facility and a structural analysis of the Morris Operation cranes as an appendix. The review confirms that the features of the facility as described in Sections 4 through 9 of the CSAR fulfilled the safety requirements of 10 CFR 72, and it is concluded that spent-fuel handling and storage at the Morris Operation do not present significant risks to public health and safety. 15 refs., 3 tabs.

The overall objective of this program is to define the effects of impurities, various thermochemical processes, and any impurity-process interactions upon the performance of terrestrial solar cells. The results of the study form a basis for silicon producers, wafer manufacturers, and cell fabricators to develop appropriate cost-benefit relationships for the use of less pure, less costly solar grade silicon. Cr is highly mobile in silicon even at temperatures as low as 600/sup 0/C. Contrasting with earlier data for Mo, Ti, and V, Cr concentrations vary from place to place in polycrystalline silicon wafers and the electrically-active Cr concentration in the polysilicon is more than an order of magnitude smaller than would be projected from single crystal impurity data. We hypothesize that Cr diffuses during ingot cooldown after groth, preferentially segregates to grain boundaries and becomes electrically deactivated. Both Al and Au introduce deep levels when grown into silicon crystals. Accelerated aging data from Ni-contaminated silicon imply that no significant impurity-induced cell performance reduction should be expected over a twenty-year device lifetime. Combined electrical bias and thermal stressing of silicon solar cells containing Nb, Fe, Cu, Ti, Cr, and Ag, respectively produces no performance loss after 100 hour exposures up to …

It is the purpose of this paper to present the range of viewpoints concerning the causes of inflation. Inflation is defined and distinguished from changes' in relative prices. The Monetarist, Post-Keynesian, and neo-Keynesian positions are discussed to illustrate the variety of perceptions as to the sources of sustained increases in the general price level.

Weekly report of the Texas Crop and Livestock Reporting Service on turkey poult numbers in Texas and compared with other states. It includes compiled statistics across six consecutive weeks during two years for turkey eggs set and poults hatched.

This partial report on the reactor design contains sections on the following: (1) burner section magnet system design, (2) plasma ring energy recovery, (3) vacuum system, (4) cryogenic system, (5) tritium flows and inventories, and (6) reactor design and layout. (MOW)

Synthetic liquid fuels, otherwise referred to as synfuels or coal-derived liquids, are probably best characterized from a combustion-environmental point of view as low in hydrogen, low in sulfur, high in nitrogen, and high in aromatics. As a consequence two of the more critical problems in synfuel combustion are NO/sub x/ formation and soot formation (and polycyclic organic matter). This program is directed to these two issues. At first hand the solutions to burning synfuels high in aromatics and fuel-bound nitrogen are diametrically opposed, i.e., high temperature and excess air keep soot levels down, low temperatures and vitiated air keep nitrogen oxide levels down. Staged combustion however offers a logical solution to the above. This program separates and analyzes the synfuel combustion problem via its component parts and then puts them together again phenomenologically via the stage combustion process.

Described herein are the data structures used in implementing a distributed data base management system (DBMS) for the Mirror Fusion Test Facility (MFTF), a part of the Mirror Fusion Energy Program at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The hardware and software frameworks within which the DBMS have been developed are first described, followed by a brief look at the motivation and fundamental design goals of the system. The structures are given in detail.

Work on this project is focused on developing design and licensing information for the model facility. Facility modification designs and studies scheduled in 1980 have been completed with a draft report forwarded to DOE for review. Subcontracts for additional rack design analysis to include disassembled fuel were approved by DOE in late December and will be completed in mid-April. Essentially all the security design and licensing documentation work have been completed with the major effort remaining being editorial.

This paper presents theoretical and experimental findings on fibrous filters converted to electrostatic operation by a nonionizing electric field. Compared to a conventional fibrous filter, the electrostatic filter has a higher efficiency and a longer, useful life. The increased efficiency is attributed to a time independent attraction between polarized fibers and charged, polarized particles and a time dependent attraction between charged fibers and charged, polarized particles. The charge on the fibers results from a dynamic process of charge accumulation due to the particle deposits and a charge dissipation due to the fiber conductivity.

This report describes the initial results of a long term program to study order-disorder phenomena in dielectric thin films. To achieve this overall goal, an apparatus was constructed to permit the codeposition of a glass-forming additive such as SiO/sub 2/ in a polycrystalline matrix film such as MgO. The extent of crystallinity of mixture films in the MgO-SiO/sub 2/ system was determined using techniques developed for x-ray powder diffraction. With this approach, it was determined that the addition of SiO/sub 2/ in concentrations less than 20 mass % has a relatively small influence on crystallinity. On the other hand, at concentrations greater than 25% SiO/sub 2/ causes the mixture film to become completely disordered.

The Review Panel on Neutron Scattering has recommended an expanded budget to allow systematic development of the field. An alternative plan for the future of neutron research on condensed matter is presented here, in case it is not possible to fund the expanded budget. This plan leads, in a rational and logical way, to a world-class neutron source that will ensure the vitality of the field and exploit the many benefits that state-of-the-art neutron facilities can bring to programs in the materials and biological sciences.