This report gives details aboutpublic opinions on abortion.

The first quarter results under the Advanced Pulverized Coal Combustor for Control of NO/sub x/ Emissions Program (DOE Contract DE-AC22-80PC30296) are reported. A preliminary gas phase reaction model for predicting fuel NO/sub x/ formation during combustion of methane fuel has been constructed. Predictions of NO/sub x/ formation under stirred reactor conditions agree with existing experimental data. Thermal NO/sub x/ and coal reaction data will be developed and verified during the next reporting period. Progress has been made in formulating the changes necessary to upgrade the Acurex PROF code for use as the comprehensive data analysis tool in this program. The radiation modeling and the incorporation of the needed modifications into the PROF code will occur during the next reporting period. The idealized combustor was designed, and requests for bids to fabricate the combustor were submitted. Combustor fabrication will be completed during the next reporting period.

The approach, recommended by GE-ARSD, for confirming the achievement of LMFBR reliability goals relies upon a comprehensive understanding of the physical and operational characteristics of the system and the environments to which the system will be subjected during its operational life. This kind of understanding is required for an approach based on system hardware testing or analyses, as recommended in this report. However, for a system as complex and expensive as the LMFBR, an approach which relies primarily on system hardware testing would be prohibitive both in cost and time to obtain the required system reliability test information. By using an analytical approach, results of tests (reliability and functional) at a low level within the specific system of interest, as well as results from other similar systems can be used to form the data base for confirming the achievement of the system reliability goals. This data, along with information relating to the design characteristics and operating environments of the specific system, will be used in the assessment of the system's reliability.

An appraisal of the use of geothermal energy for space heating requirements for selected state-owned buildings in six communities in Colorado is presented. The appraisal addresses several components of a feasibility study for geothermal applications, including resource assessment, pipeline rights-of-way, well design and drilling program, conceptual engineering designs for retrofits of building heating systems, evaluations of economic feasibility, institutional requirements, and environmental considerations. Economic feasibility is determined from evaluation of four economic measures: a simple payback period in years; twenty-year annualized system costs (geothermal system versus conventional system); total twenty-year undiscounted energy savings; and total twenty-year present value energy savings. The results of the analyses of each feasibility component are finally ranked, using a weighting system, to arrive at an order ranking of the eleven state-owned buildings for overall feasibility. The relative total feasibility rankings and the absolute evaluations of economic competitiveness with the existing conventional-fuel heating systems show that several of the state facilities are likely candidates for conversion to geothermal hot water heating systems. The best candidate by far is the Colorado State Reformatory at Buena Vista. The geothermal resource at Buena Vista (Cottonwood Canyon and Chalk Creek) is a high quality resource with high water temperatures and …

A number of hydrocarbon producing plants are evaluated as possible sources of rubber, liquid fuels, and industrial lubricants. The plants considered are Euphorbia lathyris or gopher plant, milkweeds, guayule, rabbit brush, jojoba, and meadow foam. (ACR)

It is planned to install 34,440 square feet of linear parabolic trough solar collectors at a new corrugator plant for making corrugated boxes. The system is to operate in parallel with a fossil fuel boiler. An assessment is presented of the impacts of the solar energy system on the existing environment and to determine whether or not a more detailed environmental impact statement is needed. The environmental assessment is based on actual operational data obtained on the collector, fluid, and heat transport system. A description of the design of the solar energy system and its application is given. Also included is a discussion of the location of the new plant in Fort Worth, Texas, and of the surrounding environment. Environmental impacts are discussed in detail, and alternatives to the solar industrial process steam retrofit application are offered. It is concluded that the overall benefits from the solar industrial process heat system outweigh any negative environmental factors. Benefits include reduced fossil fuel demand, with attending reductions in air pollutants. The selection of a stable heat transfer fluid with low toxicity and biodegradable qualities minimizes environmental damage due to fluid spills, personal exposure, and degradation byproducts. The collector is found to be …

A second measurement of the event size distribution for 20 MeV neutrons was carried out at Ohio University to determine the reproducability of results. Again a significant difference between measurement and theoretical calculations by Caswell and Coyne was found. The measured fraction of events due to alpha particles was significantly lower than that predicted by the calculation of Casell and Coyne. Furthermore, the discrepancies with the theoretical calculations made by Caswell and Coyne were confirmed by measurements made with a differently designed T-E proportional counter. A non-isolated-sensor solid polystyrene calorimeter was constructed and tested during the past year. It has the advantages of, (1) simple construction, (2) simple operation, without vacuum or feedback for temperature control, (3) the capability of obtaining simultaneous measurements at different depths and azimuthal angle, and (4) the possibility of obtaining measurements with the calorimeter directed in any orientation.

This paper explores selected questions involving the busing of elementary and secondary school students for desegregation. On each of the selected questions a general analysis of the issue involved is presented, followed by two subsections entitled A Critic's Position and An Advocate's Position. In these subsections, an attempt is made to show how a critic of busing for desegregation and an advocate of such busing might fashion arguments on this issue in opposition to, or in support of, busing.

It is widely recognized that alkaline oxides, especially CaO, can be most effective in capturing sulfur in-situ. It is equally well recognized that NO/sub x/ emissions due to fuel-bound nitrogen in coal can be effectively minimized with staged combustion. Both these aspects have been demonstrated separately at Battelle and other laboratories. It is the overall objective of this program to develop the basis for optimizing sulfur capture by CaO under staged combustion. Our approach to accomplishing this goal is via an experimental and interpretative study of the chemistry and interactions of CaO under simulated and actual staged combustion conditions. In staged combustion one fires first under reducing (fuel rich) conditions prior to oxidation in the second stage. Our studies wherein coals were treated with CaO, i.e., impregnated with CaO for pulverized coal firing, or mixed and pelletized with CaO for stoker firing, suggest that conditions prevail under which CaO is first converted to CaS prior to being oxidized to CaSO/sub 4/. Since CaS has a greater thermal stability than CaSO/sub 4/, it is therefore possible to fire at temperatures above 900/sup 0/C (1650/sup 0/F) and retain sulfur under proper stoichiometric conditions. The program is aimed at defining the chemistry and …

The CaO-FeS/sub 2/ reaction was studied as a function of temperature, reaction time, Ca/S mole ratio and particle size. All reactions were carried out under a nitrogen environment. The reactions were followed principally in terms of weight loss and SO/sub 2/ emissions. The decomposition of the pyrite produces S/sub 2/ which reacts with CaO to produce SO/sub 2/ and CaS. The extent of the reaction appears to increase monotonically between 555 and 970/sup 0/C.

The measurements, data reduction, and analysis contained herein are for the most part preliminary. The instrumentation system for dynamic measurements was not completed and so the measurements taken were in the static mode and a limited amount of instruments was used. Most of these preliminary measurements were made to characterize the losses in the roadway and the pickup of the dynamic RPEV system. By analysis of power, voltage, current and impedance-bridge measurements (at 100 Hz and 1000 Hz), the equivalent series resistance (ESR) and equivalent parallel resistance (EPR) of the roadway and pickup inductances and capacitances were derived. Separation of the inductive and capacitive losses was difficult because of the large ratio of stored energy to power loss, that is, the Q of each of these system elements, and the separation was accomplished by modeling the system losses and making a least-squares fit to the model with the test data. The bridge data was used primarily for capacitance and inductance values and the ESR or EPR data were not analyzed.

A survey of general considerations relating to the use of coal in US territories and trust territories of the Pacific suggests that coal is a viable option for power generation. Future coal supplies, principally from Australia and the west coast of America, promise to be more than adequate, but large bulk carriers will probably not be able to land coal directly because of inadequate port facilities. Hence, smaller than Panamax-class vessels (60,000 dwt) or some arrangement utilizing self-loading barges or lighters would have to be used. Except for Guam, with peak power requirements on the order of 175 MW/sub e/, most territories have current, albeit inadequate, installations of 1 to 25 MW/sub e/ Turnkey, conventional-coal-fired, electrical-power generating systems are available in that size range. US environmental laws are now applicable to Guam and American Samoa; the trust territories are exempt. However, the small power requirements of many small islands will qualify for exemption from the New Source Performance Standards called for in the Clean Air Act. The principal problems with coal use in the territories, apart from the shallow draft of most harbors, are the limited amount of land available and the high capital costs associated with conversion. Ocean dumping …

The safety-related design aspects and licensing experiences of LMFBR projects in other democratic countries have been studied and contrasted to those in the United States in order to understand the importance of different approaches to safety, and also to understand better the system of the United States. The regulatory systems and LMFBR programs of France and the United States are contrasted in detail, and that of West Germany is also studied. The programs of Japan and the United Kingdom receive considerably less attention, and that of the Soviet Union is ignored.

The CORCON-MOD1 core material-concrete interaction code, developed at the Sandia Laboratories for LWR safety analysis, was adapted for analyzing a postulated LMFBR core melt accident.

At present, the research ranges from the quantum mechanics of the corrosion unit reactions, organic and inorganic coatings, surface reactions on polymers, metals and semiconductors to high-temperature chemistry of interest to solar-energy conversion. A second objective of the Center is to increase the utilization of corrosion data by the technical community through education and through the dissemination of appropriately formatted information. At present, two projects are in the planning stage for the near future. One is a pedagogical symposium on corrosion in microelectronic components and systems; the other is a series of lectures and videotapes, as well as a workshop on cathodic protection.

Efforts were directed principally to the following tasks: (1) comparisons of mixture and pure fluid cascade cycles, (2) development of guidelines for working fluid selection for single boiler cycles, (3) continued evaluation of mixtures as working fluids, (4) working fluid thermophysical property correlation and presentation of properties information, (5) support to the INEL Conversion Technology Program.

Progress in mathematical and experimental studies aimed at modeling and measuring flows rates for the two-phase gases with dispersed particles turbulent flows in jets is reported. Exact transport equations of mass and momentum for the two phases, the carrier fluid's kinetic energy of turbulence and its dissipation rate have been derived for incompressible two-phase flows. The modeling of the various turbulence correlations has been completed. The finite-difference formulation of the equations is in progress at present. An outline of the work completed so far is described in the next section. In the area of clear air jet measurements, attempts were made to obtain two-dimensional measurements of clear air jet using a two-color, bragg cell shifted laser velocimeter. A complete data set for the streamwise component of mean velocity and turbulence intensity and some data for tangential velocity components were recorded and are included. These data were obtained using a recently modified software package for two-component data acquisition. In the process of the experiment, some software/hardware problems evolved which resulted in incorrect values for shear stress data as well as the tangential velocity samples. The hardware and the software for the coincidence requirement of the two components were modified and the …

The solenoid design follows closely the considerations qiven in {bar p} note 116. In particular we try to make the solenoid undivided, but with a centre tap for the cooling water. We found a variant for the centre tap, so that the two layers are now electrically in series. Due to the very long length, it seems better not to fill the clearance between return yoke and OD of the second layer with epoxy. Instead, we support and adjust the coil every 2 m with three bolts at 120 deqrees screwed in the return yoke. The latter is then supposed to be sufficiently stiff, so as to give the weaker mandrel the desired straightness. We give a positive pitch, i.e. somewhat more than the width of the copper section including insulation and tolerances. The precise pitch cannot be stated here, because the copper section will be somewhat trapezoidal. How much, depends on the winding procedure. The layers are epoxy impregnated and solidair with the mandrel. The Figures show an axial section and the construction of the central water tap. The dimensions shown are on the assumption of a free choice of the diameters of return yoke and mandrel. This may …

Tests are continuing on the shatter-resistant weathercase models and small samples. Two epoxy weathercase material samples are still undergoing accelerated tensile creep tests. Progress is reported on the design of the full scale prototype termination.

The equations of motion are discussed which describe time dependent population flows in an N-level system, reviewing the relationship between incoherent (rate) equations, coherent (Schrodinger) equations, and more general partially coherent (Bloch) equations. Approximations are discussed which replace the elaborate Bloch equations by simpler rate equations whose coefficients incorporate long-time consequences of coherence.

There are three distinct but not mutually exclusive areas of research in this contract, studies of intrusions of the west wall of the Gulf Stream onto the outer continental shelf, studies of the flux of materials across nearshore density fronts, and advances in understanding of the planktonic food web of the continental shelf. Studies of frontal events on the outer and inner continental shelf involve distinctive physical and chemical regimes and have proven to require distinctive biological approaches. The studies of the food web run through our work on both of the frontal regimes, but certain aspects have become subjects in their own right. We have developed a simulation model of the flux of energy through the continental shelf food web which we believe to be more realistic than previous ones of its type. We have examined several of the many roles of dissolved organic compounds in sea water which originate either from release by phytoplankton, digestive processes or metabolites of zooplankton, or extracellular digestion of microorganisms. Methods have been developed under this contract to measure both the chelating capacity of naturally occurring organic materials and the copper concentration in the water. It has been possible to characterize the effects, …

The research discussed was performed prior to December 31, 1979. The report was not released until September 30, 1981, so that pressure-enthalpy diagrams for a number of potential geothermal binary cycle working fluids could be prepared in SI units. Efforts were directed principally to working fluid thermophysical property correlation and presentation of properties information. Pressure-enthalpy diagrams are presented for propane, normal butane, isobutane, normal pentane, isopentane and propylene. Generalized correlations are presented for the thermodynamic and transport properties of hydrocarbon pure and mixture working fluids. Specific correlations are presented for the thermodynamic properties of 27 fluids and for the viscosity and thermal conductivity of hydrocarbons including isobutane and isopentane.

Results from the pre-feasibility study of a geothermal district heating system for greater Reno and the pre-feasibility study of providing geothermal heat to casinos/hotels located in downtown Reno by connection to the proposed district heating system (DHS) are combined. Geothermal sources were selected from published data. Potential users were selected from aerial and city planning maps, and published building and demographic information. Energy consumption data from the electric and gas utility was matched with consumption information from surveys of representative buildings by category and climatic data. As an example, a written survey was mailed to the casino/hotels and two on-site visits were made. Retrofit methodology and cost were examined for the casino/hotels and representative buildings. Based on the pre-feasibility studies, a geothermal district heating system for Reno appears technically and economically feasible. Furthermore, additional economic savings are achieved when the Reno casinos/hotels are connected to the DHS. Steamboat Hot Springs and a geothermal area east of downtown are the most promising geothermal sources for the DHS. The City of Reno has a large yearly heat load with an average heating degree days per year of 6022/sup 0/F days and a heating season greater than eight months.

GRPAUT is a modular program for performing automated Pu isotopic analysis supplied to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) per ISPO Task A.76. Section I of this user's guide for GRPAUT presents an overview of the various programs and disk files that are used in performing a Pu isotopic analysis. Section II describes the program GRFEDT which is used in creating and editing the analysis parameter file that contains all the spectroscopic information needed at runtime by GRPAUT. An example of the dialog and output of GRFEDT is shown in Appendix B. Section III describes the operation of the various GRPAUT modules: GRPNL2, the peak stripping module; EFFCH2, the efficiency calculation module; and ISOAUT, the isotopic calculation module. (A description of the peak fitting methodology employed by GRPNL2 is presented in Appendix A.) Finally, Section IV outlines the procedure for determining the peak shape constants for a detector system and describes the operation of the program used to create and edit the peak shape parameter files. An output of GRPAUT, showing an example of a complete isotopic analysis, is presented in Appendix C. Source listings of all the Fortran programs supplied to the Agency under ISPO Task A.76 are contained …